Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Ntchito | Kufananitsa kofunika | Tanthauzo lachindunji la mphambu yapamwamba |
|---|---|---|
| 1-back | Chinthu cha panopa ndi cha m’mbuyomo | Kuchita bwino potsatira lamuloli |
| 2-back | Chinthu cha panopa ndi chimene chinali malo awiri m’mbuyomo | Kusintha ndi kufananitsa bwino pa ntchitoyi |
| 3-back | Chinthu cha panopa ndi chimene chinali malo atatu m’mbuyomo | Kuchita bwino pa kusiyana kwakukulu, pa nthawi yoikidwiratu |
Nambalayo imasonyeza kusiyana kwa malo mu mndandanda. Sikuti imangotanthauza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimene munthu angasunge, chifukwa ntchitoyi imafunanso kuyang’anitsitsa kosalekeza, kusintha zimene mukukumbukira ndi kuyankha. Ndemanga ya Owen ndi anzake ya kafukufuku wa zithunzi za ubongo imaphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyana pa mtundu wa chinthu, malo ake, ndi ngati chili ndi mawu kapena ayi. Owen et al., 2005
Chifukwa chake imatchedwa ntchito ya kukumbukira kogwira ntchito
Malingaliro okhudza kukumbukira kogwira ntchito amanena za kusunga chidziwitso kuti chipezeke pamene mukuchigwiritsa ntchito kapena kuchisintha. Njira ya n-back imagwiritsa ntchito mbali ina ya njira zambiri zimenezi. Dzinali silitanthauza kuti ntchito zonse za kukumbukira kogwira ntchito zimayesa luso lomwelo ndendende kapena zimagwiritsa ntchito kusunga ndi kulamulira maganizo mofanana. Baddeley, 2012 Cowan, 2001
Mwachitsanzo, ntchito za kukumbukira zinthu pamodzi ndi ntchito zina zimaphatikiza kukumbukira chidziwitso ndi ntchito ina yoganiza, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafuna kuti munthu abwereze zimene wakumbukira. Ndemanga ya njira zake imafotokoza kuti kapangidwe kake n’kosiyana ndi kuzindikira kosalekeza kwa n-back. Kugwiritsa ntchito dzina limodzi sikulowa m’malo mwa umboni wa mmene mphambu zimayenderana. Conway et al., 2005
Kodi n-back ingalowe m’malo mwa mayeso a kukumbukira zinthu motsatizana?
Kusanthula kafukufuku wambiri kwa Redick ndi Lindsey kunapeza kulumikizana kochepa pakati pa n-back ndi kukumbukira zinthu pamodzi ndi ntchito zina zovuta, ndipo maphunziro osiyanasiyana anapeza zotsatira zosiyana. Mapeto ake ndi akuti miyeso imeneyi siingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kuti ndi yofanana. Choncho, mphambu yotsika pa imodzi ndi yapamwamba pa inayo sizitanthauza kuti pali zotsutsana kapena kuti imodzi iyenera kukhala yolakwika. Redick et al., 2013
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
Kulondola kumadalira zinthu zambiri kuposa kusiyana kwa malo
Kutalika kwa nthawi imene chinthu chikuoneka, nthawi yomaliza kuyankha, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimene zikufunika kufananitsidwa ndi mmene mayankho abodza amawerengedwera zimasintha kuvuta kwa ntchitoyi. Nthawi zonse siyanitsani kuzindikira zinthu zofanana ndi kungosindikiza batani pafupipafupi. Mphambu iyenera kufotokoza mmene kuzindikira kolondola ndi mayankho olakwika awerengedwera, osangotchula n level yokha. Kusiyana kwa njira zimene zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kafukufuku wa n-back ndi chifukwa chimodzi chimene magawo a njira zosiyanasiyana sangaganizidwe ngati malire ovomerezeka kwa aliyense. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Kufananitsa zaka ndi kugonana kumafunanso njira yofanana komanso gulu la anthu loyenera. Ndemanga zimenezi sizipereka mulingo wabwino wapadziko lonse wa zaka zosiyanasiyana pa masewera a pa intaneti amene amasintha kuvuta malinga ndi mmene mukuchitira. Kupereka mulingo umodzi wotere kungasonyeze kulondola koposa kumene umboni umalola. Redick et al., 2013 Conway et al., 2005
Kodi kuchita bwino chifukwa chozoloŵera kumasonyeza chiyani?
Kusanthula kafukufuku wa maphunziro a n-back kumasiyanitsa kusintha pa ntchito zofanana ndi zotsatira za ntchito zosiyana kwambiri. Ndemanga yaikulu yokhudza maphunziro a kukumbukira kogwira ntchito sinapeze umboni wokhutiritsa wa phindu lalikulu pa ntchito zosiyana kwambiri, pamene kufananitsa kunachitika moyenera. Choncho, kuchita bwino pa n-back ndi umboni woti mwaphunzira luso limene layesedwa, osati umboni wosonyeza kuti nzeru zonse zawonjezeka. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Kudalirika kwa muyeso ndi chinthu china chofunika. Ntchito ingagwiritse ntchito njira yofunika yoganiza ndi kusonyeza zotsatira zokhazikika pagulu, koma isapereke mndandanda wokhazikika wokwanira wa anthu payekhapayekha. Zotsatira zokhudza chodabwitsa cha kudalirika zimachenjeza kuti tisatenge mphambu ya masewera afupiafupi ngati khalidwe lokhazikika la munthu. Hedge et al., 2017
Kuti mudziyang’anire, gwiritsani ntchito mtundu womwewo, nthawi yofanana ndi njira yofanana yowerengera mphambu, ndipo lembani zolakwa pamodzi ndi mayankho olondola. Mukasintha mitundu ya zinthu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wosintha kuvuta, dziwani kuti mwasinthanso muyeso. Kufotokoza bwino za ntchitoyo n’kothandiza kuposa kunena kuti nambala imodzi ikuimira kukumbukira kogwira ntchito konse. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a kukumbukira zinthu zomwe zaoneka kale
Yesani mayeso a n-back kuti muone mmene zinthu zimasinthidwira ndi kufananitsidwa pa kusiyana kwa malo komwe kwatchulidwa. Werengani malangizo owerengera mphambu ndipo fanizirani mayeso okha amene anayendetsedwa mofanana. Zotsatira zake ndi mphambu ya pa ntchitoyi, osati matenda a IQ kapena muyeso wovomerezeka wa mphamvu ya kukumbukira kwa aliyense.
Mafunso ofala
Kodi 3-back imatanthauza kuti ndimatha kukumbukira zinthu zitatu zokha?
Ayi. Nambalayo imasonyeza kusiyana kwa malo pofananitsa, ndipo kuyang’anitsitsa ndi kusintha zimene mukukumbukira zimakhudzanso mmene mumachitira. Owen et al., 2005
Kodi n-back ndi yofanana ndi kukumbukira manambala motsatizana?
Ayi. Kusanthula kafukufuku wambiri kunapeza kuti mayeso a kukumbukira zinthu motsatizana ndi a n-back si miyeso yofanana ya kukumbukira kogwira ntchito. Redick et al., 2013
Kodi kuchita bwino kumatsimikizira kuti IQ yanga yawonjezeka?
Kafukufuku wa maphunzirowa satsimikizira mfundo imeneyi. Kuphunzira ntchito inayake ndi kusintha kwakukulu pa ntchito zina ziyenera kuunikidwa mosiyana. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Magwero
- Owen et al. (2005). Njira ya n-back yoyezera kukumbukira kogwira ntchito: Kusanthula kafukufuku wambiri wa zithunzi za ubongo pa anthu wamba.
- Redick et al. (2013). Miyeso ya kukumbukira zinthu pamodzi ndi ntchito zina zovuta ndi ya n-back ya kukumbukira kogwira ntchito: Kusanthula kafukufuku wambiri.
- Cowan (2001). Nambala yamatsenga 4 pa kukumbukira kwakanthawi kochepa: Kuganiziranso mphamvu yosungira zinthu m’maganizo.
- Baddeley (2012). Kukumbukira Kogwira Ntchito: Malingaliro, Mitundu ndi Zotsutsana.
- Conway et al. (2005). Mayeso a kukumbukira zinthu motsatizana: Ndemanga ya njira ndi chitsogozo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
- Soveri et al. (2017). Kuphunzitsa kukumbukira kogwira ntchito kwawunikidwanso: Kusanthula kwa n-back training pogwiritsa ntchito magawo osiyanasiyana.
- Melby-Lervåg et al. (2016). Kuphunzitsa Kukumbukira Kogwira Ntchito Sikuwonjezera Zotsatira pa Miyeso ya Nzeru Kapena Miyeso Ina ya “Kusamutsira Patali”.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Chodabwitsa cha kudalirika: Chifukwa chake ntchito zolimba zoyezera kuganiza sizipereka kusiyana kodalirika pakati pa anthu payekhapayekha.