Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Zotsatira | Zomwe zimayesedwa | Chifukwa chake zimasiyana |
|---|---|---|
| Nthawi yofika pobwerera ku ntchito | Imaphatikizapo ntchito zina ndi zosankha zomwe zachitika pakati | Si nthawi yopitiriza yomwe munthu sangathe kuika maganizo ake pa ntchito |
| Kuchedwa kuyambiranso | Nthawi yoyambiranso ntchito pambuyo pa kusokonezedwa | Zimatengera mtundu wa ntchito ndi kukumbukira zolinga |
| Zotsalira za chidwi | Zomwe zimatsalira m’maganizo kuchokera ku ntchito yapita | Zingakhudze mmene munthu amagwirira ntchito popanda kukhala ndi nthawi yokhazikika |
Kafukufuku wa kuntchitoyu amafufuza mmene ntchito zimakonzedwera, osati kubwerera kwachibadwa kwa thupi komwe kuli kofanana kwa onse. Munthu angagwire ntchito zina asanabwerere ku imene anasokonezedwa nayo. Kutenga nthawi yonseyi ngati nthawi yomwe sanathe kuika maganizo ake pa ntchito kumasintha tanthauzo la zimene zinayesedwa. Mark et al., 2005
Kodi kafukufuku wa m’labotale wokhudza kuyambiranso ntchito ukusonyeza chiyani?
Trafton ndi anzake anayerekezera kusokonezedwa mwadzidzidzi ndi mkhalidwe umene anthu anachenjezedwa, ndipo anali ndi masekondi asanu ndi atatu asanayambe kusokonezedwa. Anthu amene anachenjezedwa anakonzekera kwambiri ndipo anayambiranso mofulumira. Izi zikusonyeza kuti kukonzekera pasadakhale ndi kukumbukira cholinga choyambirira n’zofunika, osati kuti pali nthawi imodzi yokhazikika yoti aliyense ayambirenso. Trafton et al., 2003
Chitsanzo cha Altmann ndi Trafton chikufotokoza mmene kuyambitsa ndi kukumbukira cholinga kungathandizire kuyambiranso. Mayeso a Leroy amafufuza zotsalira za chidwi pamene anthu asiya ntchito yosamalizidwa n’kusinthira ku ina. Mafotokozedwewa akukhudza njira zofanana koma zosiyana, choncho miyeso yake siyenera kuphatikizidwa n’kupanga chiŵerengero chimodzi cha mphindi chomwe chikuti n’chogwira ntchito kwa onse. Altmann et al., 2002 Leroy, 2009
Kodi anthu angalipirire zotsatira za kusokonezedwa?
Poyesa kwa Mark ndi anzake, anthu amene anasokonezedwa anamaliza ntchito mofulumira popanda kusiyana pa khalidwe la ntchitoyo, koma ananena kuti anali ndi nkhawa, kukhumudwa, kumva kuti nthawi ikukakamiza ndiponso kuchita khama kwambiri. Choncho, kumaliza mofulumira sikunasonyeze kuti kusokonezedwa kulibe vuto. Ichi ndi chitsanzo china chosonyeza kuti kuyeza zokolola m’njira imodzi yokha sikokwanira. Mark et al., 2008
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
Kodi kupuma kulikonse n’kofanana ndi kusokonezedwa?
Ayi. Kupuma kokonzedweratu ndi kufunsidwa mwadzidzidzi kuti muchite ntchito ina zingakhale ndi zolinga ndi zofunika zosiyana. Kafukufuku wophatikiza zotsatira za nthawi zazifupi zopuma anapeza phindu laling’ono pa mphamvu ndi kuchepa kwa kutopa, koma zotsatira zake pa mmene anthu amagwirira ntchito sizikudziwika bwinobwino. Sizinasonyeze kuti kusokonezedwa kulikonse kumathandiza munthu kupuma kapena kuti kupuma kulikonse kumabweretsa mtengo wofanana wosinthira ntchito. Albulescu et al., 2022
Kuika chidwi kwa nthawi yaitali kumasinthasintha. Kafukufuku wokhudza kusinthasintha kumeneku sasonyeza kuti munthu amakhala kuti waika chidwi chonse nthawi zonse kapena kuti sangathe kupezeka kwa nthawi imodzi yokhazikika. Ntchito yeniyeni ndiponso zotsatira zimene zikuyezedwa n’zofunikabe. Esterman et al., 2013
Kodi mungasinthe chiyani m’njira yeniyeni?
Ngati n’zotheka, kusunga chizindikiro chomveka cha sitepe yotsatira n’kogwirizana ndi kafukufuku wokhudza kuyambiranso. Umboni weniweni wa kuyesaku ukukhudza kukonzekera pamene munthu akusokonezedwa; si chitsimikizo chakuti kulemba cholemba chimodzi kumathetsa zovuta zonse zosinthira ntchito zimene zimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku. Tisamapereke tanthauzo lalikulu kwambiri pa zimenezi. Trafton et al., 2003 Altmann et al., 2002
Kuti mudziwe mmene zimakukhudzirani, siyanitsani nthawi imene mwakhala kutali ndi ntchito ndi nthawi imene mwafunika kuti muyambirenso. Lembani mtundu wa kusokonezedwa, ngati ntchito yoyambirirayo inali isanathe, ndiponso zotsatira zimene mukufuna kudziwa. Apo ayi, nthawi yaitali ingatanthauzidwe molakwika ngati nthawi yaitali yoti ubongo ubwerere, ngakhale kuti panthawiyo munagwira ntchito zina. Mark et al., 2005 Leroy, 2009
Kodi masewera osinthira ntchito angakuuzeni chiyani?
Ntchito yoyesera yosinthira zinthu ingasonyeze mtengo wosinthira malamulo. Singasinthe kusiyana kwakanthawi kochepa kochokera ku kuyesa kwa m’labotale kukhala mphindi za zokolola zotayika kuntchito. Kafukufuku wokhudza kudalirika akuchenjezanso kuti kusiyana kochepa kopezeka pa kuyesa kumodzi kusatengedwe ngati khalidwe lokhazikika la munthu. Hedge et al., 2017
Umboni ukusonyeza kuti nkhani ya mmene kusokonezedwera kunachitikira iyenera kuganiziridwa mozama. Sutsimikizira kuti kusokonezedwa kulikonse, kaya ndi uthenga, kucheza kapena kupuma kokonzedweratu, kumawonjezera mphindi 23 zokhazikika, mosasamala kanthu za zimene munthuyo achita pambuyo pake. Mark et al., 2005 Trafton et al., 2003
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a kusinthasintha ntchito
Yesani mayeso a kusinthasintha ntchito kuti muone mmene zimakhalira kusinthana malamulo. Mayesowa amayeza mmene munagwirira ntchito imeneyi, osati mphindi zimene mumataya mutasokonezedwa kuntchito. Mukayerekezera masewerawa ndi tsiku lanu, kumbukirani kusiyana kumeneku.
Mafunso ofala
Kodi chiŵerengero cha mphindi 23 n’chowona kwa aliyense?
Ayi. Kubwerera ku ntchito, kuyambiranso ntchitoyo ndi kubwerera kwa muyeso winawake wa mmene munagwirira ntchito ndi zinthu zosiyana. Mark et al., 2005 Trafton et al., 2003
Kodi kukonzekera musanasokonezedwe kungathandize?
Kafukufuku woyendetsedwa bwino anapeza kuti anthu anayambiranso mofulumira atachenjezedwa masekondi asanu ndi atatu, zomwe zinawathandiza kukonzekera. Kukula kwa phinduli pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku sikutsimikizika. Trafton et al., 2003
Kodi kupuma kokonzedweratu kumasokoneza kuika maganizo pa ntchito?
Umboni wokhudza kupuma kwakanthawi kochepa ukupeza phindu laling’ono pochepetsa kutopa ndi kuwonjezera mphamvu, koma phindu lonse pa mmene anthu amagwirira ntchito silikudziwika kwenikweni. Kupuma kokonzedweratu sikuyenera kufanana ndi kusokonezedwa kulikonse. Albulescu et al., 2022
Magwero
- Mark et al. (2005). Kodi palibe ntchito yotsalira?.
- Trafton et al. (2003). Kukonzekera kuyambiranso ntchito yosokonezedwa: zotsatira za kulemba cholinga cham’tsogolo ndi kubwerezanso zomwe zachitika kale.
- Altmann et al. (2002). Kukumbukira zolinga: chitsanzo chogwiritsa ntchito kuyambitsa.
- Leroy (2009). N’chifukwa chiyani n’zovuta kwambiri kugwira ntchito yanga? Vuto la zotsalira za chidwi posintha ntchito.
- Mark et al. (2008). Mtengo wa ntchito yosokonezedwa: liwiro lochuluka ndi nkhawa.
- Albulescu et al. (2022). “Ndipatseni mpumulo!” Kuunikanso mwadongosolo ndi kuphatikiza zotsatira za mphamvu ya nthawi zazifupi zopuma pa thanzi labwino ndi mmene anthu amagwirira ntchito.
- Esterman et al. (2013). Kodi munthu ali ndi chidwi kwambiri kapena wadzisokoneza? Kutsatira kusinthasintha kwa khalidwe ndi ubongo pa nthawi imene munthu akuika chidwi kwa nthawi yaitali.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Chododometsa cha kudalirika: Chifukwa chimene ntchito zoyezera luntha zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatira zolimba sizionetsera mosadalirika kusiyana pakati pa anthu.