Adanse titiriw ne nɔma
| Nnɔmba | Ne farebae | Nea ɛnkyerɛ |
|---|---|---|
| Ennu 100 ms | Nkontaabu a wɔreka ho asɛm | Sɛ sɛnkyerɛnne no na ɛmaa wɔyɛɛ mmuae no |
| 110 ms | Mmuae bere a ɛba fam wɔ aniwa ho nhwehwɛmu bi mu | Ɛnyɛ ɔhye a ɛyɛ pɛ ma onipa mmuae biara |
| 231 ms | Ani mu nneɛma ho mmuae bere a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, a wɔsusuw wɔ nhwehwɛmu no mu | Ɛnyɛ botae anaa ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu a ɛfa wo wɛbsaet so sɔhwɛ ho |
Woods ne n'adwumayɛfo de bere a wɔnhwɛ kwan na ade no bɛda adi, sɔhwɛ a wɔyɛe ansa na wɔrehyɛ ase, ne bere a wɔma obi de bua no kyerɛɛ nneɛma a wɔkan sɛ ɛyɛ mmuae. Saa paw yi boa ma wɔsusuw mmuae a wɔde ma sɛnkyerɛnne no ho, na ɛnyɛ mmuae a wɔde maa ntɛm dodo anaa bere a ɛnteɛ mu. Krataa no san sesaa nea wonyaa no sɛnea mfiri no kyɛe no, na ɛkyerɛ nea enti a ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde bere a kɔmputa kyerɛ ara yɛ nipadua mu adeyɛ no bere. Woods et al., 2015
Mmuae ne ade a wotwiw ho nim di nneyɛe ahorow
Sɛ wobetumi ahu ade a edi hɔ no anim a, wobetumi asiesie nipadua no sɛ wɔbɛyɛ ade ansa na aba. Enti mmuae a ɛbɛn bere a wɔhwɛ kwan no betumi abɛn adeyɛ no paa, nanso ɛnyɛ mmuae a wɔhyɛɛ ase bere a wohuu ade no. Eyi nyɛ asɛmmisa koro no ara sɛ bere tenten a obi de bua aniwa sɛnkyerɛnne foforo bi a wɔnhwɛ kwan. Sɔhwɛ no akwankyerɛ ne sɛnea wɔto sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow no ho hia na ama wɔate bere tiaa bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa no ase. Woods et al., 2015 Woods et al., 2015
Sɛ obi rebua sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ ɔyɛ ade a, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔpaw adeyɛ bi. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ mmuae ahorow ho kyerɛ sɛ ɔkwan a wɔahyehyɛ adwuma no so tumi sesa mmuae bere; ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde bere a wɔka sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛsua koraa wɔ aniwa ho agodie a ɛnyɛ den mu no kɔma agodie a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔpaw adeyɛ ahorow pii mu biako. Hick, 1952
Nea enti a nkontaabu biako a ɛyɛ nwonwa nyɛ adanse pa
Nea ɛba ntɛm sen biara no yɛ nea efi nsusuwii no ano. Sɛ obi yɛ adwuma bi mpɛn pii a, hokwan ahorow no dɔɔso ma adeyɛ bi a ɛntaa mma, mmuae a wɔde maa ansa na ɛsɛ, anaa susudua mu mfomso aba. Nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa mmuae bere mu nkontaabu a ɛyɛ soronko ho kyerɛ nea enti a nhwehwɛmufo si gyinae sɛnea wɔbɛfa mmuae a ɛboro so no, sen sɛ wobebu akontaabu biara a ɛda adi sɛ ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ saa ara. Ratcliff, 1993
Dɛn na ɛka ho asɛm?
Mfiri no pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ nkyerɛ sɛ wɔasusuw nipadua mu adeyɛ no yiye
Wɛbsaet ahorow betumi akyerɛ bere a wɔasusuw no pɛpɛɛpɛ, nanso bere susuw no ketewaa nkyerɛ sɛ wɔahu bere pɔtee a ade no daa adi anaa bere a obi de ne nsa miae. Mfiri ne nhyehyɛe ahorow a wɔde toto ho kyerɛ sɛ bere mu nsonsonoe ne nsakrae ba. Nkontaabu a ɛwɔ decimal dodow pii no nkyerɛ ankasa sɛ ɛkyerɛ wo mmuae a wode maa sɛnkyerɛnne a wohui no pɛpɛɛpɛ kɛse. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Bridges et al., 2020
Bio nso, ɛnyɛ papa sɛ wɔde mfiri nteɛso a woyɛe wɔ nhyehyɛe foforo mu besi gyinae sɛ nea efii sɔhwɛ pɔtee bi mu bae no yɛ nokware anaa ɛnyɛ nokware. Nteɛso no fa mfiri a wɔsusuw ho no ho. Sɛ wɔanyɛ saa nteɛso no a, bere mfomso nyinaa kwan ne kɛse a ɛwɔ wo nhyehyɛe ankasa mu no nyɛ nea wonim. Woods et al., 2015 Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
Sɛ wo mmuae bere yɛ tiaa a ɛyɛ nwonwa a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ woyɛ?
Fa sɔhwɛ no nyinaa ne ne mmara sie: So wubuaa ansa na sɛnkyerɛnne no aba? So wobetumi ahu bere a ade no bɛba? So akontaabu no yɛ nea ɛyɛ tiaa koraa anaa sɛ wɔkyekyem? Fa sɔhwɛ dodow koro ara toto akontaabu koro no ara ho. Nnya mmɔden dodow no mu pii na afei nkyerɛ sɛ akontaabu tiaa foforo no fi sɔhwɛ nhyehyɛe koro no ara mu. Nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa sɔhwɛ dodow ho kyerɛ sɛ nea wosusuw no su gyina nsɛm a wɔboaboa ano ne asɛmmisa a wɔrebisa no so. Miller, 2023 Ratcliff, 1993
Nkontaabu biako a ɛda nkyɛn nso nka pii nkyerɛ wɔ su a ɛtra hɔ daa wɔ obi mu ho. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔda no adi sɛ susudua no yɛ nokware, titiriw bere a wɔde sɔhwɛ no toto nnipa ho de hyehyɛ wɔn dibea no. Nea ɛfata sɛ wɔka ne sɛ adeyɛ bi a ɛyɛ soronko sii wɔ agodie yi mu; sɛ wɔbɛka sɛ onipa bi mmuae yɛ nwonwa paa a, ɛhwehwɛ susudua a wɔhwɛ so yiye. Hedge et al., 2017
Biribiara nni ha a ɛma wɔtumi ka sɛ obi di atoro, sɛ ɔhaw bi wɔ no anaa sɛ wɔbɛhyehyɛ ɔhye a ɛyɛ pintinn ma nnipa nyinaa. Nsonsonoe titiriw no ne sɛ, bere a akontaabu no kyerɛ no ne adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ade foforo a nkate no huu no na ɛkanyan mmuae no. Woods et al., 2015 Bridges et al., 2020
Yɛ sɔhwɛ kwa a ɛfa eyi ho no
Mmuae bere sɔhwɛ
Yɛ mmuae bere sɔhwɛ no na di n'akwankyerɛ a ɛfa sɛnea wobɛtwɛn ama sɛnkyerɛnne no ho akyi. Susuw sɔhwɛ no nyinaa ho, a mmuae a wode mae ntɛm dodo ka ho; mmu nea ɛyɛ tiaa koraa no sɛ adansedi krataa a ɛkyerɛ wo mmuae ahoɔhare.
Nsɛmmisa a wɔtaa bisa
So ɛrentumi mma sɛ mmuae biara nnu 100 ms?
Saa nsɛm yi nkyerɛ ɔhye pɔtee bi a ɛfa mmuae ahorow nyinaa ho. Ɛkyerɛ nea enti a wɛbsaet so nkontaabu biako nkyerɛ adanse a ɛdɔɔso sɛ obi yɛɛ ade wɔ aniwa sɛnkyerɛnne a wɔnhwɛ kwan ho. Woods et al., 2015
Adɛn nti na nhwehwɛmu ahorow po mmuae a ɛba ntɛm paa?
Wɔkyerɛ mmuae bere a wobegye atom no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a nneɛma a ɛnyɛ mmuae a wɔrehwehwɛ no rensiw nea wɔresusuw no ho. Bere pɔtee a wɔpaw no gyina sɔhwɛ no so. Woods et al., 2015 Ratcliff, 1993
Metumi de aniwa mu nkontaabu atoto agumadi mfiase mmara ho?
Ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ sɛnea sɛnkyerɛnne, nipadua nantew ne susudua nhyehyɛe no yɛ soronko. Mmara a ɛwɔ baabiako no nyɛ susudua a wɔahwɛ so yiye a wɔde bɛyɛ baabi foforo ho gyinapɛn. Woods et al., 2015 Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
F nkyerɛkyerɛmu fibea
- Woods et al. (2015). Nneɛma a ɛka mmuae bere a ɛnyɛ den ho.
- Woods et al. (2015). Mfe a ɛkɔ anim ne mmuae a wɔpaw ne aniwa mu mmuae a wɔyɛ wɔ nneɛma ahorow mu.
- Hick (1952). Sɛnea nsɛm dodow a obi nya no kɔ anim.
- Ratcliff (1993). Akwan a wɔfa so di mmuae bere mu nkontaabu a ɛboro so ho dwuma.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Pɛpɛɛpɛyɛ ne nokwareyɛ ankasa wɔ intanɛt sɔhwɛ nhyehyɛe, wɛbsaet so nhwehwɛmu nhyehyɛe ne mfiri mu.
- Bridges et al. (2020). Bere susuw nhwehwɛmu kɛse: nhwehwɛmu mfiri ahorow a wɔde toto ho wɔ dan mu ne intanɛt so.
- Miller (2023). Nnipa dodow ahe? Sɔhwɛ dodow ahe? Sɛnea wobɛma mmuae bere nhwehwɛmu anya tumi kɛse.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Nokwareyɛ ho abirabɔ: Nea enti a adwene mu sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ pintinn nkyerɛ nsonsonoe a ɛyɛ pintinn wɔ nnipa ntam.