Sɛ wobɛsan ayɛ IQ sɔhwɛ a, ebetumi ama wo nɔma akɔ soro?

Eyinom yɛ nea ɛwɔ Table 2 mu. Nsonsonoe a edi kan no gyina nhwehwɛmu 122 ne nnipa 153,185 so; nsonsonoe a edi hɔ no de nnipa kakraa bi na ɛyɛe. Ɛnsɛ sɛ wobu eyinom sɛ nnipa kuw koro bi a wɔresua ade nkɔso ho mfonini, anaa wɔde kɔ so kyerɛ nea ɛbɛkɔ so daa. Nea wɔasusuw ne nsakrae a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ gyinapɛn wɔ adwene sɔhwɛ ahorow mu, ɛnyɛ wo IQ amanneɛbɔ a edi hɔ ho nkɔmhyɛ tẽẽ. Scharfen et al., 2018

Dɛn na ebetumi atu mpɔn wɔ sɔhwɛ a wɔsan yɛ mu?

Sɛ obi nim akwankyerɛ, nsɛmmisa no sɛso, akwan a wɔfa so bua ne sɔhwɛ tebea no a, ebetumi anya ne mmuae so nkɛntɛnso. Nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa sɔhwɛ a wɔsan yɛ ho no hwɛ nneɛma a ɛma nsonsonoe ba, efisɛ nkɔanim no kɛse gyina ɔkwan a wɔfaa so yɛɛ sɔhwɛ no ne bere a ɛda sɔhwɛ ahorow no ntam so. Sɛ nea ɛto so abien mu nea obi nya no yɛ papa a, ɛnkyerɛ pɔtee ade a asesa, na ɛnkyerɛ sɛ ne nyansa nyinaa akɔ soro. Scharfen et al., 2018

Matrix nsɛmmisa ma yehu asɛm no: sɛ obi bɛsiesie a, ɛsɛ sɛ ohu mmara ahorow na ɔde bom yɛ adwuma. Sɛ obi nim nsɛmmisa no su anaa ɔka asɛmmisa bi a, ebetumi asesa nea sɔhwɛ a wɔbɛsan ayɛ no bɛsusuw. Carpenter ne ne mfɛfo nhwehwɛmu no fa adwene mu nsusuwii a ɛho hia ho, na Raven nhwehwɛmu no si hia a ɛho hia sɛ wɔde gyinapɛn a ɛfata di dwuma no so dua. Carpenter et al., 1990 Raven, 2000

Metumi ayi practice nkɔanim dodow pɔtee bi afi mu?

Daabi, nkɔanim a wɔanya afi nnipa pii mu no mma wo nnya kwan a ɛfata sɛ wode yi dodow pɔtee bi fi wo nɔma mu. Sɛ wɔde nnipa kuw bi nkyekyem di dwuma ma onipa baako a, wɔnnfa sɔhwɛ ahorow, nea onipa no ahu dedaw ne tebea a wɔsan yɛɛ sɔhwɛ no wom. Akwankyerɛ a ɛfa sɔhwɛ a wɔde di dwuma ho kyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔkyerɛ nea aba no ase ma ɛfata sɔhwɛ no ankasa ne nea wɔde yɛ. Sɛ wufi w’ankasa adwene mu yi dodow pɔtee bi a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ nea aka no yɛ nokware. International Test Commission, 2001

Adɛn nti na ɛyɛ hu sɛ wɔdan nkɔanim no kɔ IQ nɔma mu?

Sɛ wɔde nsakrae a wɔasusuw no gyinapɛn so no bɔ 15 a, ebetumi ayɛ sɛ ɛyɛ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nanso nhwehwɛmu a wɔaboaboa ano no fa adwene mu nneɛma ahorow ho, na wɔde wɔn ankasa gyinapɛn na esusuw ho. Ɛmfa ho sɛ IQ taa de nkyekyem 100 ne gyinapɛn mu nsonsonoe 15 di dwuma, ɛno nkyerɛ sɛ nkɔanim biara a wɔahu wɔ nhwehwɛmu biara mu yɛ IQ nɔma nsakrae a obiara nya pɛpɛɛpɛ. Kora nsakrae a wɔasusuw no gyinapɛn so no so; mma mmmɔ nkɔanim pɔtee bi a wonni ho adanse. Scharfen et al., 2018 Neisser et al., 1996

Nɔma a ɛwɔ sɔhwɛ amanneɛbɔ a wɔagye atom mu no nso wɔ susuw mu ahotoso a ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw ho. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde sɔhwɛ no mmara, bere ntam ne ahotoso ho nsɛm kyerɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda nɔma abien a wɔabɔ amanneɛ no ntam ase; ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔde wɔn din no toto kɛkɛ. Pearson, 2020

Sɛ nɔma no kɔ so yɛ pɛ a, ɛma asɛm no siesie?

Nokware a sɔhwɛ no yɛ pɛ bere biara ne practice yɛ nneɛma ahorow. Sɔhwɛ bi betumi ama nɔma asesa bere a wɔsan yɛ no, nanso nnipa no dibea wɔ wɔn mu no akɔ so ayɛ pɛ; anaa ɛde ankorankoro nsonsonoe a ɛsakrasakra ba, ɛwom sɛ nkɔanim a ɛwɔ kuw no mu yɛ den de. Nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa nokwareyɛ ne nsusuwii ntotoho ho no kae yɛn sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔda susuw su ahorow yi mu biara adi wɔ ɔkwan soronko so. Hedge et al., 2017

Adwene ho nhwehwɛmu a ɛtrɛw no nso ma yehu sɛ adwumayɛ wɔ afã horow. Matrix nsɛmmisa bi a obi nim yiye nsusuw adwene mu dwumadi nyinaa ho, enti sɛ obi tu mpɔn wɔ adwuma biako mu a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ ne nkae, kasa tumi ne nsusuwii nso asesa saa ara. Hampshire et al., 2012

Sɛ merehwɛ nkɔso a, dɛn na ɛyɛ nokwarem?

Kyerɛw sɔhwɛ a woadi kan ahu, sɔhwɛ no sɛso ne bere a ɛda sɔhwɛ ahorow no ntam. Sɔhwɛ biara a ebetumi de nsunsuanso kɛse aba ho no, di akwankyerɛ a nea ɔhwɛ sɔhwɛ no de ama no akyi. Agodie a ɛnyɛ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ aban de mu no, ka sɛ woatu mpɔn wɔ saa nnwuma no mu, na fa nsɛmmisa a wɔasan de adi dwuma anaa woakae dedaw no to nkyɛn ma ɛda nsɛm a wunnim ho. Eyi ma wunya mfaso wɔ nimdeɛ nkɔanim no mu, a woammu nea ɛkyerɛ no so. International Test Commission, 2001 Scharfen et al., 2018

Wɔde mfe a obi adi toto ne mfɛfo a wɔadi mfe koro ho na wɔde IQ gyina 100 so; sɔhwɛ a wɔsan yɛ no nsesa saa gyinapɛn no. Asɛm no ne sɛ ebia nɔma foforo pɔtee bi kyerɛ tumi a wɔpɛ sɛ wosusuw ho no yiye wɔ tebea a wɔyɛɛ sɔhwɛ no mu. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020