Adanse titiriw ne nɔma
| Nhwɛso nkontaabu | Gyinapɛn dodow a ɛboro 100 so | Ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu wɔ normal model mu |
|---|---|---|
| 100 | 0 | 50.00 |
| 115 | 1 | 84.13 |
| 130 | 2 | 97.72 |
| 145 | 3 | 99.87 |
Akontaabu no de z = (nkontaabu − 100) / 15 ne cumulative standard normal distribution na ɛyɛ, na wɔde akontaabu no bɛn decimal mmeae abien. Mfinimfini 100 ne SD 15 yɛ susudua nhyehyɛe a wɔtaa de di dwuma. Sɔhwɛ biara nkyerɛkyerɛmu nsa na ɛkyerɛ norms, nkontaabu ahye ne nkyerɛase a ɛfata; normal curve ho akontaabu nkutoo nkyerɛ sɛ sɔhwɛ foforo yɛ nokware. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu nyɛ mmuae a ɛyɛ nokware ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu
Ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu kyerɛ wo gyinabea wɔ akwantufoɔ kuw bi mu. Ɛnkyerɛ sɛ obi buaa nneɛma ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu a wɔkyerɛ no no nyinaa yie, anaa ɔwɔ nyansa nyinaa mu saa ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu no. Sɔhwɛ a wɔde di dwuma ho akwankyerɛ hwehwɛ sɛ wɔpaw nnipa kuw a ɛfata de toto ho, na wɔanya adanse a ɛfoa nkontaabu no nkyerɛase a wɔpɛ so. Sɛ eyinom nni hɔ a, ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu no betumi ayɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sen nea ne nnyinaso ma ho kwan. International Test Commission, 2001
Dɛn na ɛsesa bere a mfe kɔ anim?
Wɔsusu IQ gyina mfe so: wɔ susudua a wɔtaa de di dwuma no mu, mfe kuw biara nkyekyɛmu mfinimfini yɛ 100. Abofra ne ɔpanyin betumi anya nkontaabu a wɔasesa sɛnea wɔn mfe te yɛ pɛ, nanso wɔbetumi ayɛ nneɛma ahorow ho nsɔhwɛ anaasɛ wɔn nkontaabu a wɔanya ansesa no ayɛ soronko. Enti normal model akontaabu no nkyerɛ adwumayɛ a wɔansesa sɛnea mfe te na ɛkɔ so nkwa nna nyinaa. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Norms nso gyina sɔhwɛ, nnipa kuw ne bere so. Raven nhwehwɛmu no kyerɛ sɛ matrix sɔhwɛ norms sesa wɔ mmeae ne mmere ahorow mu. Ɛnsɛ sɛ wobu nkontaabu a efi mfiri biako mu sɛ sɔhwɛ ne abakɔsɛm mu norm pon nyinaa susuw ade pɛpɛɛpɛ. Raven, 2000
Dɛn na ɛka ho asɛm?
Adɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhwɛ nkontaabu a ɛwɔ awiei koraa no yiye?
Norm nhwɛso nketewa nni nsɛm pii a ɛfa nkontaabu a ɛntaa mma koraa ho. Enti ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu a ɛyɛ fɛ wɔ nkontaabu a ɛkorɔn paa no betumi agyina model no adwene so ne nea wɔahu no nyinaa. Sɔhwɛ ho akwankyerɛ hwehwɛ adanse a ɛfata nea wɔpɛ sɛ wogyina so ka asɛm, na nkontaabu amanneɛbɔ mu nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea wotumi de ho to so no ho hia sen sɛ wobebu decimal a etwa to no sɛ ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. International Test Commission, 2001 Pearson, 2020
Matrix ahodwiriwde ho nkontaabu kyerɛ IQ nyinaa?
Carpenter ne ne mfɛfoɔ hwehwɛ nsusuwii akwan a wɔde di Raven matrix ahodwiriwde no mu. Wei ma yenya adwene ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu fa adwuma kuw bi a ɛho hia ho, nanso ɛnkyerɛ kwan sɛ wɔde ahodwiriwde dodow biara a obi ankasa ayɛ nkontaabu bɛdane no akɔ IQ nyinaa mu a wɔde norm asusuw. Adwene dwumadi nhyehyɛe ho nhwehwɛmu nso bɔ yɛn kɔkɔ sɛ yɛnnye nni sɛ adwuma biara susuw tumi no fã koro pɛ. Carpenter et al., 1990 Hampshire et al., 2012
Na sɔhwɛ a wɔsan yɛ ne susuw mfomso nso ɛ?
Nhwehwɛmu bi a ɛka nhwehwɛmu pii bom hu sɛ bere a wɔsan yɛ adwene tumi sɔhwɛ no, nkontaabu kɔ anim daa. Enti sɔhwɛ a wɔsan yɛ no mu nsunsuanso betumi akyerɛ sɛ obi abɛte sɔhwɛ no ase yiye ne nsonsonoe afoforo nso. Sɛnea wotumi de ho to sɔhwɛ so ho nhwehwɛmu ka ho sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsusu sɔhwɛ nkontaabu ne nsonsonoe no gyinabea ansa na wɔabu no sɛ ɛyɛ obi su a ɛtena hɔ. Sɛ wɔkyerɛ ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu nɔma pii no, ɛnsa saa nsɛm yi. Scharfen et al., 2018 Hedge et al., 2017
Sɔhwɛ a wɔagye atom no, fa n'ankasa amanneɛbɔ, mfe norm ne ahotoso ntam hye di dwuma. Sɛ ɛyɛ intanɛt so adwuma a wɔde hwehwɛ biribi mu a, ma nea efi mu ba no ntra nea ne nokware ho adanse no ma ho kwan so. Saa akontaabu nhwɛso yi kyerɛ susudua a wɔtaa de di dwuma no ase; ɛmma kwan sɛ wobɛka akyerɛ obi a ɔyɛɛ no sɛ ɔyɛ nyansa sen nnipa ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu pɔtee bi. International Test Commission, 2001 Pearson, 2020
Nsonsonoe a ɛho hia ne sɛ wobɛte sɛnea wɔbu ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu ase ne sɛ wubenya adanse sɛ nkontaabu pɔtee bi fata saa curve no so. Ehia sɛ wowɔ abien no nyinaa ansa na woatoto obi ho. Neisser et al., 1996 International Test Commission, 2001
Yɛ sɔhwɛ kwa a ɛfa eyi ho no
IQ sɛnea ɛte sɔhwɛ
Yɛ IQ sɛnea ɛte sɔhwɛ no na hwehwɛ n'adwuma ahorow no mu. Fa n' intanɛt so akontaabu a wɔde bɔ wo amanneɛ no sɛnea wɔn ankasa kyerɛ sɛ ɛwɔ anohyeto no. Ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu pon a ɛwɔ ha no kyerɛ susudua a wɔde di dwuma no ho nhwɛso; ɛnkyerɛ sɛ Helibrain wɔ norm a egyina nnipa a wɔgyina hɔ ma obiara so.
Nsɛmmisa a wɔtaa bisa
130 kyerɛ sɛ mmuae ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu 130 na ɛyɛ nokware anaa?
Dabi. Wɔ susudua a yɛaka ho asɛm no so no, ɛboro nkyekyɛmu mfinimfini gyinapɛn abien so; ɔha mu nkyekyɛmu akontaabu yɛ ade foforo. Neisser et al., 1996
IQ 100 yɛ mfinimfini wɔ mfe nyinaa mu anaa?
Yiw, wɔ susudua nhyehyɛe a wɔde toto mfe ho no mu. Nanso, sɔhwɛ adwuma ankasa mu nsunsuanso betumi asesa bere a mfe kɔ anim. Pearson, 2020
Metumi de pon yi adi dwuma wɔ intanɛt so nkontaabu biara ho anaa?
Dabi. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ sɔhwɛ biara ho norm ne nokwaredi ho adanse a ɛfata ansa na wɔde nkontaabu no akyerɛkyerɛ ase wɔ nkyekyɛmu a ɛte saa mu. International Test Commission, 2001
F nkyerɛkyerɛmu fibea
- Neisser et al. (1996). Adwene tumi: Nea yenim ne nea yenni mu nimdeɛ..
- Pearson (2020). WISC-V Nkyerɛkyerɛmu Amanneɛbɔ: Nkontaabu ho.
- International Test Commission (2001). Amanaman Ntam Akwankyerɛ a wɔde yɛ Sɔhwɛ.
- Raven (2000). Raven's Progressive Matrices: Sesa ne Gyina pintinn wɔ Amammerɛ ne Bere mu.
- Carpenter et al. (1990). Dɛn na adwene tumi sɔhwɛ biako susuw: Nsusuwii mu nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛfa dwumadi a ɛkɔ so wɔ Raven Progressive Matrices Sɔhwɛ no mu ho..
- Hampshire et al. (2012). Nnipa Adwene Tumi mu Nsonsonoe a Wɔbɛhwehwɛ Mu.
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Adwene tumi sɔhwɛ a wɔsan yɛ mu nsunsuanso: Nhwehwɛmu pii mu nsusuwii.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Sɛnea wotumi de ho to sɔhwɛ so ho abɛbusɛm: Adɛn nti na adwene dwumadi sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ den nnya ankorankoro nsonsonoe a wotumi de ho to so.