Adanse titiriw ne nɔma
| Nsɛmfua a wɔnim no dodow | Nsɛmfua a wɔnnim wɔ asɛm a ɛwɔ nsɛmfua 300 mu | Nkyerɛaseɛ |
|---|---|---|
| 90% | 30 | Nkontaabu a wɔde rekyerɛ nhwɛso |
| 95% | 15 | Bɛyɛ nsɛmfua 1 a wonnim wɔ 20 mu |
| 98% | 6 | Bɛyɛ nsɛmfua 1 a wonnim wɔ 50 mu |
Table yi kyerɛ akontaabu a egyina nsɛmfua a ɛwɔ nkyerɛwee mu so; ɛnyɛ nteaseɛ sɔhwɛ. Nsɛmfua biako kyerɛ bere bi a nsɛmfua bi pue wɔ asɛm no mu: sɛ nsɛmfua bi a obi nnim san pue a, wɔkan pue biara. Nsɛmfua abusua yɛ susudua foforo a wɔde kyerɛ nsɛmfua nimdeɛ kɛseɛ. Sɛ wɔde susudua abien yi fra a, ɛma ahwehwɛdeɛ bi a ɛte sɛ nea ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ no yɛ nnaadaa. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Ɛhe na akontaabu a ɛyɛ 8,000–9,000 no fi?
Nation de nsɛmfua abusua a wɔahyehyɛ sɛnea wɔtaa de di dwuma no yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu faa sɛnea nsɛmfua a wɔnim no kata Borɔfo a wɔakyerɛw ne nea wɔkasa no ho. Ne nsɛm a ɔde baa awiei no gyina tebea bi so: sɛ ɛho hia sɛ nsɛmfua a wɔnim no kata 98% so na ama obi atumi ate ase a ɔnni mmoa a, nkyerɛwee a wɔhwehwɛɛ mu no hwehwɛ nsɛmfua nimdeɛ a ɛbɛn saa dodow no. Nkurɔfo din ne sɛnea wɔfaa nsɛmfua a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho wɔ abusuabɔ no yɛ nhwehwɛmu no fã; ɛnyɛ nsɛm nketenkete a ɛsɛ sɛ woyi fi botaeɛ a wɔde bɛkyerɛkyerɛ obiara mu. Nation, 2006
Nhwehwɛmu foforo a ɛfa nsɛmfua dodow a wobu ho no kyerɛ sɛ nsɛmfua ntini, nsɛmfua abusua ne nsɛmfua a wɔakyerɛw no nyinaa betumi ama dodow a ɛsono koraa. Nsɛmfua abusua 8,000 ho nhwehwɛmu ntotɔho tẽẽ ne sɔhwɛ bi a ɛka sɛ nsɛmfua ntini 8,000, na ɛnyɛ Borɔfo nsɛmfua nyinaa dodow. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nagy et al., 1984
So 98% yɛ nteaseɛ ho ahyehyɛdeɛ soronko bi?
Schmitt, Jiang ne Grabe sɔɔ nnipa 661 a wofi aman ahorow 8 mu hwɛe wɔ nkyerɛwee abien so. Wohui sɛ abusuabɔ a ɛda nsɛmfua a obi nim dodow ne nteaseɛ ntam no kɔ so nkakrankakra; baabi pɔtee biara nni hɔ a nteaseɛ wie prɛko pɛ. Wɔn nhwehwɛmu no kyerɛ sɛ 98% yɛ botaeɛ pa ma adesua nkyerɛwee a wɔbɛte ase, na ɛnyɛ akwansideɛ a sɛ obi du ho a ɔte ase na sɛ wannya ho a ɔnte ase koraa. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Dɛn na ɛka ho asɛm?
Adɛn nti na nhoma ahorow no yɛ soronko?
Anansesɛm bi a wunim, adesua nhoma titiriw bi ne abakɔsɛm mu ayɛsɛm bi de nsɛmfua ahorow di dwuma, na ɛfa sɛnea ɔkenkanfo no nim nsɛmti ahorow ho no nso yɛ soronko. Nsɛmfua dodow ho akontaabu yi nnyi kasa mmara, nsɛm mu ntease a wunya fi nsɛm a atwa ho ahyia mu, anaa asɛmti ho nimdeɛ mfi nteaseɛ mu. Akenkan ahoɔhare ho nhwehwɛmu nso kyerɛ nea enti a nsɛmfua mu ntɛmntɛm kɔ ne sɛnea wote ase no yɛ nneɛma abien a ɛsono emu biara. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert, 2019
Nimdeɛ a ɛma wuhu nsɛmfua bere a worekenkan no na ɛsɛ sɛ wufi ase hwɛ, nanso ebetumi aba sɛ wunnim nsɛmfua bi yiye. Nhwehwɛmu a ɛma yehu nsonsonoe a ɛda nsɛmfua a wohu, nea wokae, ne nea wode di dwuma ntam no kyerɛ nea enti a sɛ wode nsɛmfua bi hyɛ sɛ wunim no kɛkɛ a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wubetumi ate ne nkyerɛase nyinaa ase wɔ asɛm bi mu. Laufer et al., 2004 Webb, 2008
So wubetumi afi ase akenkan bere a wunim nsɛmfua kakraa bi?
Yiw: akontaabu no fa nneɛma a wɔhwehwɛɛ mu no mu nsɛmfua dodow a obi te ase a mmoa nka ho ho, na ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wunya kwan akenkan anaa. Nneɛma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, mmoa a wonya ne botae ahorow a ɛsono emu biara ma tebea no sesa. Obi a ɔde nsɛmfua asekyerɛ nhoma di dwuma reyɛ adwuma soronko afi tebea a onnya mmoa mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ saa dodow yi boa wo ma wopaw nea wobɛkenkan, na ɛnsɛ sɛ ɛma wugyae akenkan kosi sɛ sɔhwɛ bi kyerɛ dodow pɔtee bi. Nation, 2006
Sɛ obi hyia nsɛmfua mpɛn pii a, ebetumi ama wahu nsɛmfua ho nimdeɛ no afã horow, nanso mpɛn dodow a wɔsan hyia nsɛmfua ho nhwehwɛmu no mma yenhu mpɛn dodow pɔtee bi a ɛbɛma obiara ahu nsɛmfua biara yiye. Hwɛ sɛnea wote nsɛm no ase ne mmoa ko a wuhia, na mmom mfa no sɛ nsɛmfua dodow bi a woahu foforo no ma wokenkan biribiara yiye a mmoa nka ho. Webb, 2007
Na mfe, nna ne kasa afoforo nso ɛ?
Eyi yɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛhwɛ nsɛmfua dodow a ɛwɔ Borɔfo nkyerɛwee mu; ɛnyɛ mfe anaa nna ho gyinapɛn a wɔde susuw tumi. Kasa ahorow bu nsɛmfua ahorow ne wɔn abusua wɔ akwan horow so, na kasasu ahorow nso hia nsɛmfua ahorow. Sɛ wɔde saa dodow yi di dwuma wɔ kasa horow mu a, wɔnhwɛ sɛnea wɔkyekyɛ nsɛmfua mu a, ɛbɛma adanse no aka pii asen nea ɛkyerɛ. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Asɛmmisa a mfaso wɔ so wɔ da biara da asetena mu ne sɛnea wote nhoma no mu dodow ase wɔ mmoa dodow a wopaw no mu. Nsɛmfua a wuhu ho abasobɔde betumi ama woanya nsɛm bi, nanso nsɛm kakraa bi a wobisa wo sɛ wote nhoma pɔtee no ase anaa no bɛn botae yi sen nsɛmfua dodow pɔtee bi a ɛsɛ sɛ obiara du ho. SCHMITT et al., 2011 Laufer et al., 2004
Yɛ sɔhwɛ kwa a ɛfa eyi ho no
Nsɛmfua nimdeɛ sɔhwɛ
Yɛ nsɛmfua nimdeɛ sɔhwɛ no hwɛ Borɔfo nsɛmfua a wuhu, afei susuw nhoma pɔtee no ne sɛnea wote ase ho. Ne nɔma no nkyerɛ sɛ wubetumi akenkan nkyerɛwee biara, na ɛsɛ sɛ nsɛmfua a wɔde bu no ne nea wɔde toto ho wɔ nhoma a wɔatintim mu no yɛ ade koro.
Nsɛmmisa a wɔtaa bisa
So nsɛmfua abusua 8,000 yɛ ade koro ne nsɛmfua 8,000?
Ɛnyɛ saa wɔ akwan a wɔfa so bu nsɛmfua nyinaa mu. Abusua bi ka nsɛmfua a ɛfa ho bom, na nsɛmfua atitiriw anaa akyerɛwde ahorow yɛ nkyekyɛmu foforo. Brysbaert et al., 2016
So sɛ nsɛmfua a wunim no dodow yɛ 98% a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ wote 98% ase?
Dabi. Nsɛmfua dodow a wunim no bu nsɛmfua a wunim wɔ baabiara a epue; nteaseɛ hwehwɛ sɛ wote nsɛm no ase. Abusuabɔ a ɛda eyinom ntam nyɛ ade koro. SCHMITT et al., 2011
So ɛsɛ sɛ metwɛn kosi sɛ mɛte saa dodow no?
Nhwehwɛmu no fa nsɛm pɔtee bi a obi te ase a onnya mmoa ho. Ɛnyɛ mmara a ɛbara sɛ wokenkan nhoma a wunya mmoa anaa nhoma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ saa dodow no ase. Nation, 2006
F nkyerɛkyerɛmu fibea
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Nsɛmfua Ahe Na Yenim? Nsɛmfua Dodow Ho Akontaabu a Mfaso Wɔ So a Egyina Nsɛmfua Nkyerɛase, Kasa a Obi Atie, ne Nea Wɔyɛɛ Nhwehwɛmu Wɔ No Mfe So.
- Nation (2006). Nsɛmfua Dodow Ahe Na Ehia Ma Akenkan Ne Tie?.
- Laufer et al. (2004). Nsɛmfua Ho Nimdeɛ Sɔhwɛ: Dodow, Tumi, ne Kɔmputa a Ɛyɛ Sɛnea Obi Hia.
- Webb (2008). L2 Adesuafo Nsɛmfua a Wohu ne Nea Wɔde Di Dwuma no Dodow.
- Webb (2007). Sɛnea Nsɛmfua a Wɔsan Hyia no Ka Nsɛmfua Ho Nimdeɛ.
- Nagy et al. (1984). Nsɛmfua Ahe Na Ɛwɔ Sukuu Mu Borɔfo Nkyerɛwee Mu?.
- Brysbaert (2019). Nsɛmfua Ahe Na Yɛkenkan Wɔ Simma Biara Mu? Akenkan Ahoɔhare Ho Nhwehwɛmu ne Nhwehwɛmu Mu Nsusuwii.
- SCHMITT et al. (2011). Nsɛmfua Dodow a Wohu Wɔ Nkyerɛwee Mu ne Akenkan mu Nteaseɛ.