Adanse titiriw ne nɔma
| Su | Ɔdio digit-nnidisoɔ nhwehwɛmu | Nɔma mũ a ani hu wɔ agodie mu |
|---|---|---|
| Nsɛm a wɔde ma | Wɔka digit ahorow no baako baako nnidisoɔ | Wɔhu digit ahorow no wɔ screen so |
| Nkyekyɛm hokwan | Ɛgyina ɔkasa bere ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma so | Ebetumi de ahunmu nkyekyɛm a wɔhu aka ho |
| Sika no nkyerɛaseɛ | Ɛhia sɛ wɔde nhwehwɛmu no ara nkaeɛ ne gyinaeɛ mmara di dwuma | Ɛhia sɛ wɔde agodie no mmara di dwuma |
| Nsakyeraeɛ tẽẽ | Wɔmfa nsi hɔ | Wɔmfa nsi hɔ |
Ɔdio nhwehwɛmu no de mpɔtam hɔ mpaninfoɔ 763 a wɔn mfeɛ yɛ 18–65 dii dwuma. Wɔn anim-kɔ anim mpɔtam-gyinapɛn a wɔde tete kwan so susuiɛ yɛ 6.35, nanso sika a ɛkɔɔ soro paa wɔ sɔhwɛ a ɛtɔ asom pa ara mu no yɛ 6.77. Nsonsonoeɛ a ɛwɔ nhwehwɛmu korɔ yi ara mu no kyerɛ sɛ adɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ mpɔtam-gyinapɛn a wɔatintim no ka sɛdeɛ wɔkan sika no ho asɛm. Woods et al., 2010
Adɛn nti na nsɛm a wɔde ma sesa adwuma no?
Adwene mu nkae ho nsusuiɛ ma nsonsonoeɛ wɔ anisoadehunu ne nhyehyɛeɛ dwumadie mu, a nsɛm a ɛfa kasa ne aniwa-hunumu-ahunmu ka ho. Wobetumi nso asesa digit a wɔatwerɛ no ama ayɛ nsɛm a wɔka wɔ adwene mu, enti nsonsonoeɛ no nyɛ mmerɛ sɛ yɛbɛfrɛ baako nkaeɛ a aniwa nko na ɛfa ho, na baako nso nkaeɛ a ɔteɛ nko na ɛfa ho. Sɛdeɛ wɔde adeɛ no ma ne nea obi yɛ wɔ ho nyinaa ho hia. Baddeley, 2012
Sɛ wohu nnidisoɔ mũ no nyinaa prɛko a, ɛbɛtumi ama nhyehyɛeɛ a ɛwom no ayɛ nea wobetumi de akyekyɛ mu. Nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa nkyekyɛmu ho hwɛ sɛdeɛ nneɛma a ɛsan ba no ma nnidisoɔ no yɛ tiaa; mfasoɔ a ɛfiri mu ba no fa sɛdeɛ wɔahyehyɛ nsɛm no wɔ adwene mu ho, na ɛnyɛ sɛnkyerɛnneɛ dodoɔ a ɛwɔ hɔ no nko. Date anaa nhyehyɛeɛ bi a aniwa nim no, wobetumi adi ho dwuma wɔ ɔkwan foforɔ so sen digit ahorow a ɛnni abusuabɔ. Mathy et al., 2012 Miller, 1956
Sika a ɛkorɔn wɔ aniwa mu no kyerɛ sɛ nkaeɛ mu yɛ den?
Ɛkyerɛ ma adwuma ne tebea a wɔsɔɔ hwɛ no nko ara. Sɛ wɔde sika abien toto ho a, ɛsesa bere a wɔde kyerɛ adeɛ, hokwan a wɔwɔ sɛ wɔsan ka no wɔ adwene mu, mmuaeɛ kwan ne gyinaeɛ mmara nso. Nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa span-susudua ho si so dua sɛ saa nsɛm yi nya susudua no so nkɛntɛnsoɔ. Sika a ɛyɛ papa wɔ ɔkwan baako mu no nkyerɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ papa wɔ adwene-mu nkae adwuma biara mu. Conway et al., 2005
Dɛn na ɛka ho asɛm?
Adɛn nti na ɛtɔ da bi a nkaeɛ tumi a wɔatintim no nyɛ pɛ?
Cowan nkyɛsoɔ-tumi a wɔahyɛ no hyeɛ ho akontaabu no fa chunks ho wɔ tebea a wɔahyehyɛ sɛnea ɛbɛtew adwene mu-san-ka ne nkaeɛ-daa nkɛntɛnsoɔ so. Digit span a wɔtaa yɛ no betumi anya saa dwumadie yi so mfasoɔ. Enti sɛ wɔde chunk dodoɔ a wɔasusuw ne digit dodoɔ ankasa toto ho a, wɔde susudua ahorow ne sɔhwɛ nhyehyɛeɛ ahorow frafra. Cowan, 2001
Nkaeɛ nteteeɛ a emu yɛ den no ma nhwɛsoɔ a ɛyɛ nwanwa: obi a wɔtetee no suae sɛ ɔbɛka digit ahodoɔ a ɛware koraa akae, de nimdeɛ a wɔahyehyɛ dii dwuma, nanso wɔamfa saa tumi no annya nkɔsoɔ a ɛte saa wɔ nsɛm foforɔ a ɛnni abusuabɔ mu. Wei kyerɛ sɛ onyaaeɛ nimdeɛ, na ɛnyɛ sɛ ne berɛ tiaa mu nneɛma-korae nyinaa trɛɛ kɔɔ digit dodoɔ a wɔdaa no adi no mu. Ericsson et al., 1980
Mfeɛ ne bɔbeasu gyinapɛn nso ɛ?
Ɛsɛ sɛ gyinapɛn ahorow no ne ɔkwan a wɔde yɛ adwuma, bere, kasa, mmuaeɛ nhyehyɛeɛ ne sika-kan kwan hyia. Mpaninfoɔ ɔdio kuw no mfa aniwa browser agodie ho nsakraeɛ a wɔasiesie ama mfeɛ anaa bɔbeasu mma. Sɛ wɔde ne mpɔtam-gyinapɛn no fa intanɛt so ɔkwan biara so a, ɛbɛdane nhwehwɛmu ho nsɛm a mfasoɔ wɔ mu no ayɛ sɛ obiara ho gyinaeɛ a ɛma wɔfa no ɔkwammɔne so. Woods et al., 2010 Conway et al., 2005
Ahwɛyiye korɔ yi ara fa digit adwuma nko akyi: nhwehwɛmu a ɛboaboaa nhwehwɛmu pii ano kyerɛ sɛ span ne n-back susudua no hyia kakraa bi pɛ, na wɔrentumi mfa baako nsi baako ananmu. Enti aniwa nɔma nkaeɛ mu sika a ɛkorɔn no nyɛ n-back sika anaa IQ susudua a wɔagye atom. Redick et al., 2013
Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wohwɛ wo ho a, fa ɔkwan biara sie ne ho, fa bere koro ne mmuaeɛ mmara koro di dwuma, na hyɛ no nsow sɛ woreka nnidisoɔ no wɔ w’adwene mu anaasɛ worekyekyɛ mu. Saa nneɛma yi ma w’ankasa ntotoho no yɛ nea wɔbɛtumi ate aseɛ yie, nanso ɛmfa gyinapɛn a ɛgyina nnipa pii so anaa ayaresa mu adansedie mma. Woods et al., 2010 Mathy et al., 2012
Yɛ sɔhwɛ kwa a ɛfa eyi ho no
Nɔma nkae sɔhwɛ
Sɔ aniwa nɔma nkaeɛ sɔhwɛ no hwɛ na kyerɛ sɛ nea woanya no yɛ saa adwuma no sika. Sɛ wode ɔdio span sɔhwɛ nso di dwuma a, kyerɛw no to hɔ prɛko. Ntoto ɔkwan baako mu nea wodii nkonim kyɛn obiara no ho nkɔ ɔkwan foforɔ mu mpɔtam-gyinapɛn anaa gyinaeɛ mmara sika.
Nsɛmmisa a wɔtaa bisa
Ɛsɛ sɛ ɔdio ne aniwa sika yɛ pɛ?
Saa nsɛm yi nsi saa anidasoɔ no pi. Sɛdeɛ wɔde adeɛ no ma, ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ adwuma ne sika-kyerɛ nyinaa bɛtumi ayɛ soronko. Woods et al., 2010 Baddeley, 2012
Digit a yɛde aniwa hu no nso betumi de kasa nkae adi dwuma?
Aane. Nnipa tumi sesa adeɛ a wɔatwerɛ no ma ɛyɛ nsɛm a wɔka wɔ adwene mu; sɛdeɛ wɔde adeɛ no ma no nkyerɛ sɛ nkaeɛ nhyehyɛeɛ baako pɛ na ɛboa. Baddeley, 2012
Ɔkwan baako yɛ IQ sɔhwɛ a ɛyɛ papa?
Ɛno hwehwɛ sɛ wɔagye no atom wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so. Sika a ɛkorɔn wɔ ɔkwan pɔtee bi mu no nkyerɛ sɛ obi wɔ nyansa nyinaa mu kyɛn afoforɔ. Conway et al., 2005
F nkyerɛkyerɛmu fibea
- Woods et al. (2010). Digit span susudua a wɔma ɛyɛ papa de hwɛ berɛ tiaa mu kasa nkaeɛ.
- Cowan (2001). Nɔma a ɛyɛ nwanwa 4 wɔ berɛ tiaa mu nkaeɛ mu: Adwene mu nneɛma-korae tumi ho nsusuiɛ foforɔ.
- Miller (1956). Nɔma a ɛyɛ nwanwa 7, ka 2 ho anaa yi 2: Hyeɛ bi a ɛwɔ yɛn nsɛm-ho dwumadie tumi mu.
- Baddeley (2012). Adwene-mu nkaeɛ: Nsusuiɛ, mfonini ahorow ne akyinnyegyeɛ.
- Conway et al. (2005). Adwene-mu nkae span nnwuma: Ɔkwan-yɛ mu nhwehwɛmu ne akwankyerɛ ma wɔn a wɔde di dwuma.
- Redick et al. (2013). Complex span ne n-back adwene-mu nkae susudua: Nhwehwɛmu pii ho akontaabu.
- Ericsson et al. (1980). Nkaeɛ nimdeɛ a wɔnya.
- Mathy et al. (2012). Dɛn na ɛma nɔma a ɛyɛ nwanwa no yɛ nwanwa? Nkyekyɛmu ne nsɛm-kɔ tiaa wɔ berɛ tiaa mu nkaeɛ mu.