Ukaboni ukuru na manambara
| Ukaboni wakulongosoreka mu kuwonaso kafukufuku | Ivyo vikachitika | Vyakupatulika vyakuzunura |
|---|---|---|
| Ŵasambiri ŵa Chingelezi ŵa Hirai, gulu ilo likapulikiska chomene | 139 WPM | Ŵakazgora makora mafumbo ghakujumpha 75% |
| Gulu linyake mu kafukufuku wenewura | 61 WPM | Kupulikiska kukapambana |
| Kafukufuku wa ŵanthu ŵa viyowoyero viŵiri ŵa ku Netherlands na Chingelezi, ŵakuŵerenga novel | Kuchedwa na 17% mu L2 | Ŵanthu na ntchito yakupatulika ya kafukufuku |
Ivyo vikachitika vikuyowoyeka mu chigaŵa cha kuwonaso kafukufuku chakukhwaskana na ŵaŵerengi awo Chingelezi ntchiyowoyero chakwawo yayi. Kafukufuku wakuwonaso wakuyowoya mwakudunjika kuti manambara gha kafukufuku wa novel ghakuzomerezga yayi kuŵerengera WPM yakuyana mwakudunjika. Ntchakuzirwa kusunga chenjezgo ili: 17% yikwenera yayi kugwiliskirika ntchito nga ni chakusinthira cha ŵanthu wose awo ŵakusambira viyowoyero. Brysbaert, 2019
Chifukwa icho kumanya chiyowoyero kuliri kwakuzirwa kuluska kuyichema L2
Kusambira chiyowoyero chinyake kukusintha umo munthu wakupulikiskira mazgu, kusazgapo kumanya umo mazgu ghakuwira kanandi. Kafukufuku wa Whitford na Titone wakusanda umo vinthu ivi vikukhwaskira kayendedwe ka maso apo munthu wakuŵerenga ndime. Ntheura ŵanthu ŵa viyowoyero vyakwawo na vyachiŵiri vyakuyana ŵangaŵa na milimo yakupambana ya kupulikiska chifukwa cha kupambana kwa ivyo ŵakumana navyo na umo ŵakuchimanyira chiyowoyero. Whitford et al., 2012
Kumanya mazgu nako ntchigaŵa cha nkhani iyi. Kafukufuku wa unandi wa mazgu agho munthu wakumanya wakufumba kuti ni mazgu ghalinga mu lemba linyake agho wakuŵamanya, apo kupenda unandi wa mazgu agho munthu wakumanya kukuthemba pa usange ŵakuŵerenga mitundu ya mazgu, mazgu ghakwambira, panji mbumba za mazgu. Kupenda waka mazgu mwakuyana na unandi wake kungayowoya yayi yekha usange munthu wangaŵerenga makora lemba lililose. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Chifukwa icho WPM yingawovwira yayi kupambaniska viyowoyero mwakudunjika
Viyowoyero vyakupambana vikugwiliskira ntchito unandi wakupambana wa mazgu ghakulembeka kuti vilongosore uthenga wakuyana. Utali wa mazgu, umo mazgu ghakupangikira na umo chiyowoyero chikulembekera vikukhwaska chigaŵa icho chikuŵerengeka. Ntheura kafukufuku wakuwonaso pa luŵiro lwa kuŵerenga na kayendedwe ka maso wakukhozgera yayi kuwona WPM yichoko mu chiyowoyero chinyake nga ni mahara ghachoko panji kughanaghana kuluŵiro yayi nyengo zose. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Kasi chikukhwaskika na vichi?
Usuzgi wa lemba na ulongozgi wa ntchito vikusintha ivyo vikupimika
Kuŵerenga kuti munthu wakondwe, kusambira na kusanga fundo ni milimo yakupambana. Kafukufuku wa kayendedwe ka maso wakulongora umo usuzgi wa mazgu na ivyo vikukhumbikwa kuti munthu wapulikiske vikukhwaskira ivyo maso ghakulaŵiska. Nkhani iyo munthu wakuyimanya na nkhani yachilendo ya sayansi vikwenera yayi kuŵerengedwa nga ni vipimo vyakupambana yayi vya luŵiro limoza lakukhazikika. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Kuwezgeraso maso ku mazgu ghanyake kungawovwira msambiri kumazga kuleka kupulikiska makora. Ukaboni wa pa kuyezga wakuti kulekeska kuŵerengaso kukunanga kupulikiska ukutichenjezga kuti tileke kuwona kupumura panji kuwelera ku mazgu mu L2 lililose nga ni kuleka kuchita makora uko kukwenera kupeŵeka. Nyengo yinyake yakusazgikira yingawovwira kupulikiska. Schotter et al., 2014
Kasi kuyezgayezga kungamazga mphambano iyi?
Kuwonaso kafukufuku kukukhozgera kuzirwa kwa ivyo munthu wakumana navyo mu chiyowoyero na kumanya mazgu mwaluŵiro, kweni kukulongora yayi unandi wa maora wakukhumbikwa kuti munthu waŵerenge mu chiyowoyero chachiŵiri mwakuyana na chakwake. Ndiposo, viyelezgero ivi vya kafukufuku wakupambana vikovwira yayi kupanga chiŵerengero chakwenelera cha umo masambiro ghakukhwaskira msinkhu na jenda. Kusintha kukwenera kupimika na milimo yakuyana kweniso mu umo chiyowoyero chikugwiliskikira ntchito pakuyana. Rayner et al., 2016 Whitford et al., 2012
Gwiliskirani ntchito lemba lichilendo ilo likwenelera, wonani usange mwalipulikiska, ndipo lembani chiyowoyero na chifukwa cha nyengo yiliyose iyo mwapima. Kuŵerenga luŵiro lemba lipusu kungawovwira, kweni pakwekha kukulongora yayi kuti luso lwa kuŵerenga lawonjezeka mwakuyana pa vyakulemba vyakusuzga chomene. Kuti kuyaniska kuŵe na phindu, usuzgi na chilato vikwenera kuŵa vyakuyana mwakukwana. Brysbaert, 2019 Nation, 2006
Ntheura zgoro lakovwira pa umoyo wa zuŵa na zuŵa ni mphambano ya ivyo vingachitika, kuti ni nambara yimoza yakuchuluskira yayi. Ivyo vikafumapo pa kafukufuku—139, 61 na 17%—vikulongora umo ŵanthu awo ŵakasankhika na ntchito yakupimika ziliri zakuzirwa. Vikwenera kovwira kupulikiska kupambana, m’malo mwa kupanga muyezo uphya wa ŵasambiri wose. Brysbaert, 2019
Yezgani chiyezgo chaulere chakuyana na ichi
Chiyezgo cha luŵiro lwa kuŵerenga
Yezgani chiyezgo cha luŵiro lwa kuŵerenga mu chiyowoyero icho mukuchipulikiska ndipo zgorani mafumbo ghakupima kupulikiska. Sungani padera ivyo mwapima mu viyowoyero vyakupambana. Manambara gha kafukufuku wa Chingelezi ghakulongora nkhani yake waka; ni nthowa yakusinthira yayi kuti mumanye luso linu la chiyowoyero panji IQ yinu.
Mafumbo ghakawiro
Kasi kuŵerenga mu L2 mwakuchedwa kaŵiri kulongora kuti pali suzgo?
Kafukufuku uyu ukupereka yayi muyezo wa mphambano iyo yingalongora kuti munthu wali na suzgo. Kumanya chiyowoyero, usuzgi wa lemba na chilato cha ntchito vikupambana chomene kuti tingafika pa fundo iyo yayi. Brysbaert, 2019
Kasi ningayaniska WPM ya Chingelezi na ya chiyowoyero chinyake?
Mungayaniska pekha para mwaghanaghanira za kupambana kwa vilembo vyakulembeka na uthenga uwo ukuŵa mu lizgu lililose. WPM pera ni nthowa yakuyana yayi yakuyaniskira viyowoyero. Brysbaert, 2019
Kasi nijikakamizge kuleka kuŵerengaso?
Yayi, chifukwa chakughanaghana kuti kuwelera kulikose kukupweteka. Kuŵerengaso kungawovwira kupulikiska, ndipo kupulikiska nako kukwenera kupimika pamoza na luŵiro. Schotter et al., 2014
Mabuku gha kafukufuku
- Brysbaert (2019). Kasi tikuŵerenga mazgu ghalinga pa miniti? Kuwonaso na kusazga vipimo vya luŵiro lwa kuŵerenga.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Vinthu vinandi vyakuŵerenga, nyengo yichoko chomene.
- Rayner (1998). Kayendedwe ka maso pa kuŵerenga na umo uthenga ukupulikiskikira: vyaka 20 vya kafukufuku..
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Kayendedwe ka maso pa kuŵerenga na umo uthenga ukupulikiskikira: vyaka 40 vya ntchito ya Keith Rayner.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Ivyo munthu wakumana navyo mu chiyowoyero chachiŵiri vikukhwaska umo mazgu ghakawiro ghakukhwaskira mu chiyowoyero chakwake na chachiŵiri: Ukaboni wakufuma pa kupima kayendedwe ka maso apo munthu wakuŵerenga ndime mwakawiro.
- Nation (2006). Kasi munthu wakukhumbikwira kumanya mazgu ghalinga kuti waŵerenge na kupulika?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Ungagomezge yayi ivyo waŵerenga kamoza pera.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Kasi tikumanya mazgu ghalinga? Kuyelezgera unandi wa mazgu agho munthu wakumanya mwakughanaghanira umo lizgu likulongosorekera, unandi wa ivyo munthu wakupulika na msinkhu wake.
Zunurani peji ili: Kuŵerenga mu chiyowoyero chachiŵiri kukuchedwa wuli?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/tum/answers/reading-speed-in-a-second-language. CC BY 4.0.
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