Ukaboni ukuru na manambara
| Mazgu agho munthu wakumanya | Mazgu ghakuwoneka ghambura kumanyikwa mu chigaŵa cha mazgu 300 | Ivyo vikung'anamura |
|---|---|---|
| 90% | 30 | Kuŵerengera kwakulongora waka |
| 95% | 15 | Pafupifupi lizgu limoza lambura kumanyikwa pa mazgu 20 |
| 98% | 6 | Pafupifupi lizgu limoza lambura kumanyikwa pa mazgu 50 |
Tebulu ili likulongora waka kuŵerengera kwa mazgu mu lemba, ni chiyezgo cha kupulikiska yayi. Lizgu lakuwoneka ni lizgu lililose ilo likupulikikwa mu chigaŵa: para lizgu limoza lambura kumanyikwa lazunulika kanandi, likuŵerengeka kanandi. Mabanja gha mazgu ni mtundu unyake wa kupima ukuru wa mazgu agho munthu wakumanya. Kusazga vipimo ivi pamoza kukupangiska kuti chilato chakulongosoreka makora chiwoneke nga ntchakwenelera apo ntchakupuluska. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Kasi chiŵelengero cha mabanja gha mazgu 8,000–9,000 chafuma nkhuni?
Nation wakagwiliskira ntchito ndandanda za mabanja gha mazgu zakutolera pa kuchuluka kwa kagwiliskira ntchito kuti wasande umo mazgu ghaliri mu Chingelezi chakulembeka na kuyowoyeka. Ivyo wakasanga vikukolerana na chimoza ichi: usange pakukhumbikwa pafupifupi 98% kuti munthu wapulikiske kwambura wovwiri, malemba ghakulembeka agho wakasanda ghakukhumba ukuru wa mazgu uwo. Mazina gha ŵanthu, malo na vinthu, kweniso umo mitundu yakuyana ya mazgu yikawerengerekera, ni vigaŵa vya kusanda uku; ni vinthu vyakuti vingalekeka yayi para tikuyowoya za chilato chakusambira cha wose. Nation, 2006
Kafukufuku unyake wa kuŵerenga mazgu ukulongora kuti malemma, mabanja gha mazgu na maonekedwe gha mazgu ghakulembeka vingapeleka vikwananga vyakupambana chomene. Chiŵelengero cha mabanja gha mazgu 8,000 chingayaniskika mwakudunjika yayi na chiyezgo icho chikupereka malemma 8,000, ndipo ni kuŵerenga kwa mazgu ghose mu Chingelezi yayi. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nagy et al., 1984
Kasi 98% ni mphaka yakuzizwiska ya kupulikiska?
Schmitt, Jiang na Grabe ŵakayezga ŵanthu 661 ŵakufuma mu vyaru 8 pa malemba ghaŵiri. Ŵakasanga kuti pali kukolerana kwakukhazikika pakati pa umo mazgu ghamanyikwira na kupulikiska, kwambura malo ghakuthwa apo kupulikiska kukufika mwamabuchi pakukwana. Ivyo ŵakasanga vikukhozgera kugwiliskira ntchito 98% nga chilato chakovwira pa malemba gha masambiro, kwambura kuŵona nga ni chipata icho munthu wakwenera kupyola chose panji kuleka. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Kasi chikukhwaskika na vichi?
Chifukwa icho mabuku ghakupambanirana
Nkhani yakumanyikwa, buku la sukulu la mutu wapadera na buku la mdauko wakale vili na mazgu ghakupambana, ndipo vikughanaghanira kuti msomi wali na kumanya kwakumbuyo kwakupambana. Chiŵelengero cha umo mazgu ghamanyikwira chikufumiskapo yayi ntchito ya galamala, kughanaghanira ivyo vindayowoyeke mwakudunjika, panji kumanya nkhani pakupulikiska. Kafukufuku wa luŵiro lwa kuŵazga nayo wakulongora chifukwa icho kwendeskera maso pa mazgu na kughapulikiska ni vinthu viŵiri vyakupambana. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert, 2019
Kumanya mazgu mwakughamanya para ghawoneka ndiko kukovwira pakwamba kumanyiska mazgu mu lemba, kweni msomi wangamanyako chigaŵa chimoza pera cha lizgu. Masambiro agho ghakupambaniska kumanya, kukumbukira na kugwiliskira ntchito mazgu ghakulongora chifukwa icho kuŵika chizindikiro chakuti lizgu ngalimanyikwa kukupanikizga yayi kuti munthu wamanya makora ng’anamuro lake lililose mu lemba. Laufer et al., 2004 Webb, 2008
Kasi mungamba kuŵazga para mukumanya mazgu ghachoko?
Enya: chiŵelengero ichi chikuyowoya za umo mazgu ghamanyikwira kwambura wovwiri mu malemba agho ghakasandikwa; chikuzomerezga yayi panji kukana munthu kuŵazga. Lemba lipusu, wovwiri na vilato vyakupambana vyakuŵazgira vikusintha umo vinthu viliri. Msomi uyo wakugwiliskira ntchito dikishonare wakuchita ntchito yakupambana na kuŵazga kwambura wovwiri. Nambara iyi yikovwira kusankha lemba, kuti munthu waleke kugongowa na kulindilira kuti chiyezgo chifike pa chiŵelengero chinyake pambere wandambe kuŵazga. Nation, 2006
Kukumana na lizgu mwakuwerezgawerezga kungakovwira kumanya vigaŵa vyakupambana vya lizgu, kweni kafukufuku wa kuwerezga mazgu wakupereka yayi chiŵelengero chimoza cha nyengo izo lizgu lililose likwenera kuwonekera kuti munthu walisambire lose. Londezgani umo mukupulikiskira na wovwiri uwo mukukhumbikwira, m'malo mwa kughanaghana kuti mazgu ghanyake ghaphya agho mwamanya ghakupanikizga kuti muŵazgenge mwakufwatuka. Webb, 2007
Wuli za msinkhu, jenda na viyowoyero vinyake?
Ili ni sambiro la umo mazgu ghaliri mu malemba gha Chingelezi, ni muyezo wa luso wakutolera pa msinkhu panji jenda yayi. Viyowoyero vinyake vikuŵerenga maonekedwe na mabanja gha mazgu munthowa zakupambana, ndipo mitundu yakupambana ya malemba yikukhumbikwira mazgu ghakupambana. Kugwiliskira ntchito nambara iyi pa viyowoyero vyose kwambura kusanda dankha vipimo kungapangiska kuti ukaboni uwoneke ukuru kuluska umo uliri. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Fumbo lakovwira pa umoyo wa zuŵa na zuŵa ndakuti: kasi mukupulikiska vigaŵa vingati vya buku para mukugwiliskira ntchito wovwiri uwo mwasankha? Chiŵelengero cha kumanya mazgu para ghawoneka chingakovwira kupulikiska nkhani, kweni chiyezgo chifupi cha kupulikiska pa lemba ilo mukusoma ndicho chikuyana chomene na chilato ichi kuluska mphaka ya mazgu yimoza yakugwiliskira ntchito ku wose. SCHMITT et al., 2011 Laufer et al., 2004
Yezgani chiyezgo chaulere chakuyana na ichi
Chiyezgo cha kumanya mazgu
Yezgani chiyezgo cha kumanya mazgu kuti muwone umo mukumanyira mazgu gha Chingelezi para mwaghawona, pamanyuma ghanaghanirani buku lenelilo na umo mukulipulikiskira. Mphambu yake ni chiphaso chakuti lemba lililose mungalipulikiska yayi, ndipo umo mazgu ghakuŵerengera kakhumbikwira kuyana na kipimo chilichose chakusindikizgika icho mukuchiyaniska nacho.
Mafumbo ghakawiro
Kasi mabanja gha mazgu 8,000 ghakuyana na mazgu 8,000?
Vikuyana yayi pa nthowa zose za kuŵerengera. Banja limoza likusazgamo mitundu ya mazgu yakukolerana, apo lemma panji lizgu lakulembeka ni vipimo vinyake. Brysbaert et al., 2016
Kasi 98% ya mazgu ghakumanyikwa chikung'anamura kuti munthu wapulikiska 98%?
Yayi. Chiŵelengero cha mazgu ghakumanyikwa chikuŵerenga mazgu agho munthu wakumanya para ghawoneka; kupulikiska kukukhumbikwira kupulikiska lemba. Kukolerana kwawo kukung'anamura kuti ni chinthu chimoza yayi. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Kasi nilindilire mpaka nimanye mazgu ghakukwana agha?
Kusanda uku kukuyowoya za umo munthu wakumanyira mazgu kwambura wovwiri mu lemba linyake. Ni dango lakukanizga kuŵazga na wovwiri panji mabuku ghakupusu agho ghali pasi pa chiŵelengero ichi yayi. Nation, 2006
Mabuku gha kafukufuku
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Ni mazgu ghalinga agho tikumanya? Kuyezgera unandi wa mazgu agho munthu wakumanya kuyana na umo mazgu ghakulongosoreka, unandi wa mazgu agho wapulika, na msinkhu wa munthu.
- Nation (2006). Ni mazgu ghalinga agho munthu wakukhumbikwira kuti waŵerenge na kupulika?.
- Laufer et al. (2004). Kuyezga kumanya mazgu: unandi, kukhwima, na kusinthika kwa kompyuta.
- Webb (2008). Unandi wa mazgu agho ŵasambiri ŵa chiyowoyero chachiŵiri ŵakumanya na agho ŵangagwiliskira ntchito (L2).
- Webb (2007). Ivyo vikuchitika para mazgu ghakuwerezgeka pa kumanya mazgu.
- Nagy et al. (1984). Ni mazgu ghalinga agho ghali mu mabuku gha Chingelezi gha sukulu ghakupulinta?.
- Brysbaert (2019). Ni mazgu ghalinga agho tikuŵerenga pa miniti? Kuweleramo pa kafukufuku na kupenda pamoza kwa luŵiro lwa kuŵerenga.
- SCHMITT et al. (2011). Unandi wa mazgu agho ghakumanyikwa mu lemba na kupulikiska ivyo munthu wakuŵerenga.
Zunurani peji ili: Kasi mukwenera kumanya mazgu ghalinga kuti muŵazge buku mu Chingelezi?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/tum/answers/how-many-words-to-read-a-book. CC BY 4.0.
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