Bufakazi lobubalulekile netinombolo
| Umcondvo wesikhatsi | Inchazelo | Umkhawulo |
|---|---|---|
| Umgomo wekucala | Intfo lokufanele ikhetfwe noma ibikwe | Imiyalelo yemsebenti ichaza indzima yayo |
| Umgomo wesibili ngemuva kwa-200–500 ms | Kuvame kuba matima kuwubika | Sikhatsi lesilinganisiwe lesibonwe etivivinyweni |
| Umgomo lolandzelako masinyane | Kwekunaka kungahle kunganciphi kangako kulamanye emasu | Sikhatsi salomphumela asisiso sikhatsi lesingashintji sekungaboni lutfo |
Luhlolo lwekucala lwaRaymond nalabo lebebambisana naye, kanye netibuyeketo letalandzela, lucwaninga indlela yekukhombisa tintfo letiningi ngekushesha: tintfo tilandzelana ngekushesha, imigomo ifakwe emkhatsini wetintfo letiphazamisako. Sikhatsi lesilinganisiwe siyashintja kuye ngekulandzelana kwetintfo nangekutsi labahlanganyeli kufanele benteni. Akusiso sikhatsi lesivamile lesilinganiswa yiyo yonkhe imidlalo yekunaka. Raymond et al., 1992 Dux et al., 2009
Ingabe intfo yesibili ayibonwa nhlobo?
Umphumela wekutigcugcutela kutsi kubikwe umgomo wesibili kuyehla ngaphansi kwetimo letitsite. Imibono ayivumelani ngekukhetsa, kubona ngekwati, kufaka elwati enkumbulweni yesikhashana, kanye naletinye tinkinga letifanako. Letibuyeketo tihlola lobu bufakazi, esikhundleni sekutsi tibeke konkhe kungabikwa njengokwehluleka kanye nje kwekuva kwasekucaleni. Dux et al., 2009 Martens et al., 2009
Kungako kubalulekile kunemba kwekubika, sikhatsi semigomo, kanye nesidzingo sekukhomba umgomo wekucala. Kushintja kwemiyalelo noma kwetintfo letikhonjiswako kungashintja umphumela lobonakalako. Kumele kwatiwe kutsi luhlolo lufuna kwenteni ngaphambi kwekutsi kuhumushwe sikhatsi lesilinganiswa ngema-millisecond. Raymond et al., 1992 Martens et al., 2009
Inkumbulo yesikhashana ihlangana njani nalenchazelo?
Kukhetsa nekugcina umgomo wekucala kungancintisana nekucubungula intfo lelandzelako. Imibono yenkumbulo yesikhashana yehlukanisa kugcina elwati nekulawula; kubuyeketo kwaCowan kukhuluma ngemandla ayo ngaphansi kwemikhawulo letsite. Lamafulemu asita ekwakheni tinchazelo; awenti loku kuphazamiseka kube silinganiso lesicondzile salo lonkhe likhono lenkumbulo yemuntfu. Baddeley, 2012 Cowan, 2001
Yini letsintsa loku?
Ingabe kuyafana nekuba nesikhatsi lesifisha sekunaka?
Cha. Kuba matima kubika imigomo lesondzelene ngesikhatsi lesingaphansi kwemzuzwana kwehlukile ekugcineni kusebenta kahle imizuzu leminingana. Lwati lwekunaka lokuchubekako lucwaninga kushintjashintja nemaphutsa ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi, kantsi tivivinyo talokuphazamiseka kwekunaka tishintja sikhatsi lesisemkhatsini wetintfo. Kubita kokubili ngekunaka akusho kutsi tinganiswa ngendlela lefanako. Esterman et al., 2013 Dux et al., 2009
Kuhlatiya lokuhlanganisa imiphumela yekungalali nako kwehlukanisa tindzawo letehlukene tekucabanga nemiphumela. Liphutsa emsebentini lofuna kunaka lokuchubekako ngeke livele lihunyushwe njengemphumela wa-200–500 ms, futsi kuphutsa umgomo munye lovela ngekushesha akufakazeli kungalali noma kuba nesimo lesitsite. Lim et al., 2010
Ingabe budzala nebuhlobo bekutalwa buniketa silinganiso semuntfu ngamunye?
Letibuyeketo leticashuniwe tichaza imiphumela yetivivinyo nekwehlukana kwetindlela, hhayi lishadi lelivamile lemalengiso ebudzala nebuhlobo bekutalwa lelingasetjentiswa ekuhlolweni kwe-inthanethi. Kuniketa umuntfu budzala bekunaka ngekusekelwa yimigomo lembalwa leyehlulekile kungadzinga bufakazi bekucinisekisa lobungaveli kulamatsintfo. Martens et al., 2009 Dux et al., 2009
Kwetsembeka nakho ngumbuto lohlukile. Imiphumela yendida yekwetsembeka ikhombisa kutsi umphumela lovamile lotsatfwa njengaliciniso ekuhlolweni kwengcondvo awuqinisekisi kutsi silinganiso sekuhlukana kwemuntfu ngamunye sihlala sinjalo. Siboniso lesifisha asisiso ngokuzenzakalelayo silinganiso sekutfola sifo noma sobuntfu. Hedge et al., 2017
Yini longayenta ngalokutfolakele ngendlela lebonakalako?
Kusebentise kucondza kutsi kungani umuntfu angaphutselwa lwati lolusondzelene ngisho nobe etama kunaka. Bufakazi abukhombisi umtsetfo lovamile wekutsi lwati lwansuku tonkhe kufanele luhlukaniswe ngesikhatsi lesingakanani, luhlelo lwekucecesha lolucinisekisiwe, noma kutsi kutijwayeta umdlalo wekunaka kwenta bantfu bahlakaniphe kakhulu. Loko kungadzinga bufakazi lobucondzile bekudlulisela kwemakhono. Dux et al., 2009 Martens et al., 2009
Nawucatsanisa imisebenti ngendlela lengakahleleki, gcina lizinga lekubonakala kwetintfo, imigomo kanye netidzingo tekubika kufana, bese ubuka kunemba esikhundleni sekusungula silinganiso sinye sekubuyela esimeni. Umdlalo wekunaka welolunye luhlobo kufanele uchazwe njengemsebenti lowehlukile. Raymond et al., 1992 Hedge et al., 2017
Zama luhlolo lwamahhala loluhlobene naloku
Luhlolo lwekunaka
Zama luhlolo lwekunaka kuze uhlolisise kuphendvula lokuchubekako nemaphutsa. Lolu akusilo luhlolo lwekucwaninga lokuphazamiseka kwekunaka ngemigomo lelandzelana ngekushesha, ngako-ke umphumela walo ngeke ulinganisele sikhatsi sakho seku-200–500 ms. Lolucwaningo luchaza lenye incenye lehlobene nekunaka, ngesilinganiso lesehlukile.
Imibuto lejwayelekile
Ingabe loku kubangelwa kucwayiza kwemehlo ami?
Leligama lichaza umphumela ekubikeni imigomo letfolakala ngekushesha, alisho kutsi kufanele kucwayizwe ngemehlo. Dux et al., 2009
Ingabe kusho kutsi bonkhe bantfu banesikhatsi sekunaka lesingu-500 ms?
Cha. Lesikhatsi lesilinganisiwe sikhuluma ngesikhatsi lesisemkhatsini wemigomo lemibili eluhlolweni lolutsite, hhayi kutsi umuntfu angagcila sikhatsi lesingakanani. Martens et al., 2009
Umdlalo wekunaka lojwayelekile ungakulinganisa yini loku?
Luhlolo lolufanele kuphela, lolunesikhatsi semigomo netidzingo tekubika letifanele, lungahlola lomphumela. Umphumela wekunaka lokuchubekako usilinganiso lesihlukile. Raymond et al., 1992 Esterman et al., 2013
Imithombo
- Dux et al. (2009). Kuphazamiseka kwesikhashana kwekunaka: kubuyeketo kwedatha nemibono.
- Martens et al. (2009). Kuphazamiseka kwesikhashana kwekunaka: lokwedlulile, lokukhona kanye nelikusasa lendzawo lengaboni kahle ekuboneni ngekwati.
- Raymond et al. (1992). Kuvinjelwa kwesikhashana kwekucubungulwa kwetintfo letibonakalako emsebentini we-RSVP: kuphazamiseka kwekunaka?.
- Baddeley (2012). Inkumbulo yesikhashana: imibono, tinhlobo netinkhulumo letiphikiswako.
- Cowan (2001). Sibalo lesimangalisako sa-4 enkumbulweni yesikhashana: kucatjangwa kabusha kwemandla ekugcina kwengcondvo.
- Esterman et al. (2013). Kugcilile noma kuphambukile engcondvweni? Kulandzelela kushintjashintja kwekutinikela ngetento nangekusebenta kwengcondvo ngesikhatsi sekunaka lokuchubekako.
- Lim et al. (2010). Kuhlatiya lokuhlanganisa umthelela wekungalali kwesikhashana etintfweni tekucabanga.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yekwetsembeka: kungani imisebenti yengcondvo leyetsembe kakhulu ingakhombisi ngekwetsembeka kwehlukana kwemuntfu ngamunye.
Caphuna leli khasi: Kuyini kuphazamiseka kwesikhashana kwekunaka, futsi kutsatsa sikhatsi lesingakanani?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/ss/answers/what-is-the-attentional-blink. CC BY 4.0.
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