Ikizamini cy’ubumenyi bw’amagambo: uburyo
Ikizamini cy'ubunini bw'ubumenyi bw'amagambo gisubizwa yego/oya (urutonde rw'ibyo uzi), kirimo amagambo nyakuri agabanyijwe hakurikijwe inshuro akoreshwa n'amagambo yahimbwe; mu Cyongereza: verisiyo ihuza intambwe 2 n'ibisubizo by'umuntu.
Verisiyo ibara amanota: Icyongereza: uburyo en-adaptive-1, urutonde en-1; izindi ndimi: urutonde <lang>-1 hamwe na verisiyo 1 ya porogaramu ibara amanota iboneka ku mugaragaro
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Ubunini bw'amagambo ushobora kumenya no gusobanukirwa (lemu) uhereye ku byo umuntu yivugira, bikosowe ku kwitiranya amagambo yahimbwe n'ayo azi. Ntabwo gipima ubumenyi bwo gusobanura amagambo, kuyakoresha cyangwa ubuhanga mu rurimi.
Uko gikorwa
Icyongereza (uburyo en-adaptive-1, urutonde en-1): intambwe ya 1 ni itsinda ry'ibintu 40: amagambo 5 atoranyijwe ku bw'amahirwe muri buri rwego 7 rw'inshuro amagambo akoreshwa, hiyongereyeho amagambo 5 yahimbwe, byose bivanzwe; umukinnyi ashyira akamenyetso ku magambo azi ('ashobora gusobanura nibura igisobanuro kimwe'). Intambwe ya 2 ni itsinda ry'ibintu bishya 60: amagambo 4 mashya kuri buri rwego, andi magambo 25 ashyizwe hafi y'urwego aho umugabane w'amagambo nyakuri yari azi nyuma yo gukosora ku ntambwe ya 1 wegereye 50% (uburemere bugabanuka kabiri uko uva kuri urwo rwego), n'amagambo 7 mashya yahimbwe. Nta jambo risubirwamo. Nta gihe ntarengwa; ibimenyetso bishobora guhindurwa mbere yo kohereza ibisubizo kuri buri ntambwe. Ibibazo bitari ngombwa nyuma y'ibisubizo: itsinda ry'imyaka, kavukire cyangwa uwiga ururimi, imyaka amaze arwiga, inshuro asoma. Ikidage, Icyesipanyolo, Igifaransa, Igitaliyani, Igipolonye, Igiporutigali n'Ikirusiya (urutonde *-1): ijambo rimwe icyarimwe, amagambo 10 atoranyijwe ku bw'amahirwe muri buri rwego 6 rw'inshuro akoreshwa (amagambo nyakuri 60) hiyongereyeho amagambo 30 yahimbwe, byose bivanzwe (ibintu 90); umukinnyi asubiza ati 'Ndizi' cyangwa 'Ryarahimbwe'. Habaho imyitozo ibanza y'amagambo 2 nyakuri n'amagambo 2 yahimbwe, itanga ibisobanuro ku gisubizo (ishobora gusimbukwa). Nta gihe ntarengwa; kuva kuri tab ntibihagarika igerageza.
Ibipimo fatizo
| Igipimo fatizo | Agaciro |
|---|---|
| Inzego z'icyongereza (imyanya y'inshuro yo gukoreshwa) | 1–2,000; 2,001–4,000; 4,001–8,000; 8,001–16,000; 16,001–32,000; 32,001–64,000; 64,001–74,781 |
| Ingano y'inzego z'icyongereza (lemu zigereranyijwe) | 1,771; 1,800; 3,486; 6,057; 11,200; 20,571; 6,623 (yose hamwe 51,508) |
| Ibintu byo mu Cyongereza | 40 (intambwe ya 1) + 60 (intambwe ya 2) = 100: amagambo nyakuri 88, amagambo yahimbwe 12 |
| Ibindi ndimi: ibintu | Amagambo nyakuri 60 (10 kuri buri rwego, inzego 6) + amagambo yahimbwe 30 |
| Ibindi ndimi: ingano y'urutonde (lemu zigereranyijwe) | de 46,137; es 36,748; fr 33,119; it 37,304; pl 29,240; pt 25,350; ru 30,086 |
| Kuzengurutsa umubare ugereranyijwe | ku 100 yegereye |
| Intera y'ibishoboka | 90% |
| Ibisubizo bidafite gihamya ihagije | Icyongereza: igipimo cyo kwitiranya amagambo ni 0.25 cyangwa kirenzeho; izindi ndimi: kirenze 0.30 |
| Igisubizo cyihuse (kibarwa mu isuzuma ry'ubuziranenge, izindi ndimi) | munsi ya 250 ms |
Uko amanota abarwa
Kuri buri rwego b: h = umugabane w'amagambo nyakuri yo muri urwo rwego yashyizweho akamenyetso ko azwi (mu Cyongereza, amagambo ya step-2 gusa, kugira ngo guhitamo guhuye n'ibisubizo bitagira ingaruka ku kigereranyo); f = umugabane w'amagambo yahimbwe yashyizweho akamenyetso ko azwi (mu Cyongereza, yose uko ari 12 yo mu ntambwe zombi). Umugabane w'amagambo azwi p = (h − f) / (1 − f), ukaguma hagati ya 0 na 1 (uba 0 iyo f = 1). Igereranya = igiteranyo cy'ingano ya buri rwego x p, kizengurutswa ku 100 kandi ntikirenge ingano y'urutonde; umubare munini ugaragaza ubumenyi bw'amagambo bwagutse. Intera y'ibishoboka, Icyongereza: hagati ya 90% y'ibigereranyo 4,000 byakozwe mu buryo bw'igereranya (ibipimo bya Jeffreys Beta ku gipimo cy'amagambo yamenyekanye muri buri rwego, igipimo kimwe cya Beta gihuriweho cyo kwitiranya amagambo, n'ubudashidikanywaho bwa Beta ku ngano ya buri rwego bushingiye ku isuzuma ry'umwimerere ry'amahitamo 70), ikagurwa ku buryo ikubiyemo n'igereranya; iyo f = 1 intera iba urutonde rwose. Intera y'ibishoboka, izindi ndimi: hiyongeraho cyangwa hagakurwaho inshuro 1.645 z'ikosa risanzwe rya binomial ryateranyijwe mu nzego. Izindi ndimi kandi zibona ukuri kwa LexTALE gushingiye ku buryo: impuzandengo y'ijanisha ry'amagambo nyakuri yemerewe n'ijanisha ry'amagambo yahimbwe yangiwe. Ijanisha mu Cyongereza: umugabane w'abakinnyi bemerewe bari munsi y'ikigereranyo, bakoresheje uburyo n'urutonde biriho ubu, ibisubizo byizewe, bitakekwaho kuba ibyikoresha, igerageza rya mbere ryemerewe kuri buri mukinnyi; rigaragazwa gusa ku matsinda arimo nibura 100; ahandi hagaragazwa imibare y'ubushakashatsi yatangajwe nk'icyo kugereranyaho.
Amategeko agena igerageza ryemewe
Seriveri yongera kubaka ibintu byakoreshejwe ikoresheje umubare w'ibanga w'igerageza (ibintu nyakuri ntibigaragazwa ku ipaji, uretse mu myitozo ibanza). Buri kintu kigomba gusubizwa; uburyo bw'Icyongereza bw'intambwe 2 busaba ibisubizo 40 na 60 neza kandi ntibushobora kuvangwa n'uburyo bw'intambwe 1. Ibisubizo aho amagambo yahimbwe menshi cyane yashyizweho akamenyetso ko azwi byitwa ibidafite gihamya ihagije kandi ntibyerekanwa mu ijanisha. Seriveri yongeye kubaka buri igerageza ikoresheje amakuru mabisi y'ibisubizo (n'umubare w'ibanga w'igerageza igihe uhari), maze ubwayo ikabara amanota; ibyo ipaji ivuga ko ari ukuri cyangwa ikosa birirengagizwa. Amakuru y'igerageza atubahiriza amategeko y'umukino arangwa, kandi nta na kimwe kibikwa. Igerageza ribitswe rishobora kugira ibimenyetso by'ubuziranenge bitazigera bigaragazwa kandi bitabuza kubona ibisubizo: igerageza 10 cyangwa zirenga zivuye kuri aderesi imwe ya IP, kubura indangamuntu y'usura urubuga, guhindura tab, n'ibimenyetso by'ibikorwa byikoresha (mucukumbuzi yikoresha, umuvuduko udashoboka, nta bikorwa by'ibyinjizwa, ibihe bisubiramo mu buryo busanzwe cyane bw'imashini).
Itandukaniro n’igikorwa cy’umwimerere
Ibizamini bya yego/oya birimo amagambo yahimbwe byatangiye kuri Meara na Buxton (1987). LexTALE (Lemhöfer & Broersma 2012) ni ikizamini gihamye cy'ibintu 60 gifite amanota y'ijanisha yemejwe; Brysbaert et al. (2016) bagereranyije ubunini bw'ubumenyi bw'amagambo bakoresheje ikusanyamakuru rinini cyane ryakusanyijwe kuri interineti ryerekeye kumenya amagambo, bifashishije inkoranyamagambo itandukanye n'igitekerezo cyagutse kurushaho cy'icyo kumenya ijambo bisobanuye. Ubu buryo bwo kugereranya, urutonde rwabwo n'imiterere yabwo y'intambwe 2 ni bishya kandi ntibirageragezwa ngo byemezwe n'abandi. Igipimo ni lemu zanditse zitandukanye, si imiryango y'amagambo nk'uko biri mu Kizamini cy'Ubunini bw'Ubumenyi bw'Amagambo cya Nation.
Imbogamizi
Kwivugira: abantu batandukana mu buryo bworoshye bashyiraho akamenyetso ku ijambo bavuga ko bazi, kandi amagambo yahimbwe akosora ibyo gusa ku rugero runaka. Ingano z'inzego zishingiye ku ngero zasuzumwe, si ku kubara inkoranyamagambo yose. Urutonde n'ingano z'inzego biratandukanye hagati y'indimi, bityo ibigereranyo ntibigereranywa hagati y'indimi. Ibyo umuntu akunda byihariye n'ibice by'amagambo amenyereye bihindura igisubizo. Kwibuka amagambo yo mu igerageza ryabanje bihindura ibisubizo byo mu yandi magerageza. Ntabwo gipima ubwenge, ubuhanga bwo gukoresha ururimi cyangwa ubuzima. Abakinnyi bagereranywa ni abasura uru rubuga, si indangagaciro z'abaturage muri rusange.
Indimi n’uko zasuzumwe
Icyongereza (intambwe 2) hiyongereyeho Ikidage, Icyesipanyolo, Igifaransa, Igitaliyani, Igipolonye, Igiporutigali n'Ikirusiya (intambwe 1); izindi ndimi z'urubuga zerekana ikizamini cy'Icyongereza. Amagambo nyakuri: lemu zo muri Wiktionary (binyuze kuri kaikki.org) zashyizwe ku rutonde hakurikijwe inshuro ijambo rikoreshwa (wordfreq 3.1.1), hakozwe isuzuma n'intoki ku ngero zo muri buri rwego; yasangijwe mu ruhame hakurikijwe CC BY-SA 4.0 nk'uko uruhushya rubisaba. Amagambo yahimbwe yakozwe kuri buri rutonde hashingiwe ku buryo inyuguti zikurikirana mu rurimi kandi asuzumwa n'intoki.
Uko amabwiriza yasuzumwe, hakurikijwe ururimi
Indimi z’amabwiriza zasohotse zanditswe hano hepfo. Uburyo bwo guhindura: ubuhinduzi bwifashisha imashini, hakoreshejwe igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire. Ibyihariye kuri buri rurimi bisobanurwa haruguru; hano nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
| Ururimi rw’amabwiriza | Uko isuzuma ryanditswe |
|---|---|
| English | Inyandiko y’umwimerere iri mu Cyongereza. |
| Deutsch | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Español | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Français | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Italiano | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Polski | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Português | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Русский | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
Uko wasubira ku nyandiko
Helibrain (2026). Vocabulary test, ven-adaptive-1. https://helibrain.com/vocabulary-test/methods
Amateka y’impinduka
· Verisiyo en-adaptive-1 · Inyandiko ya mbere isobanura uburyo bw’igikorwa kiriho ubu cyasohotse.
Inyandiko zifashishijwe
Meara, P., & Buxton, B. (1987). An alternative to multiple choice vocabulary tests. Language Testing, 4(2), 142–154.
https://doi.org/10.1177/026553228700400202original yes/no vocabulary test with pseudowords
Brysbaert, M., Stevens, M., Mandera, P., & Keuleers, E. (2016). How many words do we know? Practical estimates of vocabulary size dependent on word definition, the degree of language input and the participant's age. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1116.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01116vocabulary-size estimates by age; research context shown on the page
Lemhöfer, K., & Broersma, M. (2012). Introducing LexTALE: A quick and valid Lexical Test for Advanced Learners of English. Behavior Research Methods, 44(2), 325–343.
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-011-0146-0validated yes/no lexical test; accuracy formula
Nation, I. S. P., & Beglar, D. (2007). A vocabulary size test. The Language Teacher, 31(7), 9–13.
frequency-stratified sampling; word-family unit (different from lemmas)
Inyandiko isobanura uburyo: CC BY 4.0. Vuga ko ari iya Helibrain kandi ushyiremo umurongo uhuza n’ubu buryo. Amasoko y’amakuru n’ibikoresho by’igikorwa bigumana impushya zabyo; iyi mpushya ireba gusa inyandiko isobanura uburyo.
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