Ikizamini cya N-back: uburyo
Umurimo wo kwibuka N-inyuma (n-back) uhinduka bitewe n'ubushobozi (umurongo umwe, ibiri, itatu cyangwa ine), ushingiye ku buryo bwo kwimenyereza n-back y'imirongo ibiri bwa Jaeggi n'abandi (2008)
Verisiyo ibara amanota: nback-training-1 (verisiyo y'amasezerano 1, verisiyo y'imiterere y'isomo 2)
← Subira ku kizaminiIbyo gipima
Imikorere ku murimo wa n-back ubwawo: kuvugurura amakuru no kugereranya ibintu biherutse kugaragara biri mu bwenge. Ni igikoresho cyo kwimenyereza gifite ibishushanyo by'iterambere ryacyo; si isuzuma ry'ubushobozi bwo kwibuka rigereranya n'indangagaciro zisanzwe.
Uko gikorwa
Imirongo y'amakuru: umwanya (kimwe mu bice 8 byo hanze bya gride ya 3 x 3; igice cyo hagati ntigikoreshwa), amajwi (inyuguti 8 zivugwa, cyangwa amajwi 8 yitwa Notes), ibara n'imiterere (buri kimwe gifite amahitamo 8). Uburyo: umwe (umwanya), ibiri (umwanya + amajwi; ni bwo busanzwe), itatu (+ ibara) n'ine (+ imiterere). Buri kimenyetso kimara 500 ms; ikindi kigaragazwa nyuma y'intera wahisemo (isanzwe ni 3,000 ms). Igisubizo ku murongo w'amakuru kibarwa ku kimenyetso kiriho kugeza igihe hagaragarijwe ikindi. Utubuto: A (umwanya), L (amajwi), S (ibara), K (imiterere), Umwanya urahagarika; kuri telefoni, ukoresha utubuto turi munsi ya gride. Itsinda rigira ibimenyetso N byo gushyushya (nta gisubizo gitangwa) hiyongeraho ibimenyetso bibarwa (bisanzwe ni 20). Urukurikirane rukorwa na porogaramu ikoresha imbuto y'imibare kandi seriveri ikongera ikarukora: kuri buri murongo, neza neza 30% by'ibimenyetso bibarwa birahuye (6 kuri 20); buri mirongo ibiri ihurira hamwe ku bimenyetso 10% (2 kuri 20); uburyo bw'imirongo itatu n'ine burimo ibimenyetso aho imirongo yose cyangwa itatu bihura; ibimenyetso bidahuye ntibisubiramo ku bw'impanuka ikintu cya N-back. Isomo ry'ibanze rya 1-back ritanga igisubizo kigufasha, kandi ushobora guhitamo kurikora. Uburyo busanzwe burahinduka bitewe n'ubushobozi (igihe n'uburebure bisanzwe); uburyo bw'intoki butuma uwukoresha ahitamo N, intera, uburebure n'ibisubizo bifasha. Hari n'amasomo ya buri munsi ushobora guhitamo, agizwe n'amatsinda 20 arimo ibiruhuko. Amatsinda atarangiye arahagarara iyo umuntu avuye kuri paji, kandi ashobora gukomeza nyuma.
Ibipimo fatizo
| Igipimo fatizo | Agaciro |
|---|---|
| Uburyo busanzwe | Imirongo ibiri (umwanya + amajwi), N = 2, buhinduka bitewe n'ubushobozi |
| Urugero rwa N | 1 kugeza kuri 9 |
| Igihe ikimenyetso kimara kuri ecran | 500 ms |
| Intera hagati y'ibimenyetso | 3,000 ms ni ibisanzwe; 1,500, 2,000, 2,500, 4,000 cyangwa 5,000 ms mu buryo bw'intoki |
| Ibimenyetso bibarwa kuri buri tsinda | 20 ni ibisanzwe; 40, 60 cyangwa 100 mu buryo bw'intoki |
| Ibimenyetso byo gushyushya | N kuri buri tsinda, ntibibarwa |
| Ibimenyetso bihura | 30% kuri buri murongo; 10% kuri buri hama y'imirongo |
| Ihame ryo guhindura urugero | Kongera 1 iyo buri murongo ugize amakosa atarenze 2; kugabanya 1 iyo hari umurongo ugize 6 cyangwa menshi; bitabaye ibyo rugume uko ruri |
| Amasomo ya buri munsi (ushobora guhitamo) | Amatsinda 20 |
| Uburyo bwo gusubiza | Utubuto two gukoraho, imbeba, utubuto A / L / S / K; Umwanya urahagarika |
Uko amanota abarwa
Kuri buri murongo w'amakuru, mu bimenyetso bibarwa: ibyabonetse neza, ibyahushijwe, ibimenyetso by'ikinyoma, n'ibyanzwe neza; ukuri kuringaniye = 50 x (igipimo cy'ibyabonetse neza + igipimo cy'ibyanzwe neza), ku ijana, bityo kutagira icyo usubiza (cyangwa gusubiza kuri byose) bitanga 50%. Amanota y'itsinda ni impuzandengo y'ukuri kuringaniye mu mirongo yatoranyijwe; amanota menshi ni meza. Amakosa kuri buri murongo = ibyahushijwe + ibimenyetso by'ikinyoma; ni byo bigena urugero rw'itsinda rikurikira. Ibihe byo gusubiza kuri buri murongo birakusanywa (agaciro kari hagati, impuzandengo, gato cyane, kanini cyane), ariko ntibishyirwa mu manota. Nta kugereranya n'abandi bakoresha; ibishushanyo bigereranya amasomo y'uyu muntu yakozwe akoresheje amahitamo amwe.
Amategeko agena igerageza ryemewe
Hafatwa gusa amatsinda yuzuye (N hiyongereyeho ibimenyetso bibarwa, n'ikimenyetso kimwe cy'igisubizo kuri buri murongo kuri buri kimenyetso; nta gisubizo mu gihe cyo gushyushya). Seriveri yongera gukora urukurikirane ikoresheje imbuto y'imibare, kandi ikanga isomo iyo ibimenyetso byabitswe bidahuye na rwo, ibisubizo byemewe bibuze, cyangwa igihe ryarangiriye kiri mu gihe kizaza. Guhagarika byemewe kandi birandikwa. Ibimenyetso bya porogaramu zikora mu buryo bwikora birabikwa, ariko ntibigira icyo bihindura ku manota cyangwa ku bishushanyo. Aya masomo yo kwimenyereza atandukanye n'ikizamini cya n-back gitanga amanota; ntakoreshwa mu kugereranya cyangwa amanota ya porogaramu.
Itandukaniro n’igikorwa cy’umwimerere
Itsinda risanzwe rikurikiza igihe n'ihame ryo guhindura urugero bya Jaeggi n'abandi (2008): ibimenyetso 20 + N, kwerekana ibimenyetso 500 ms, amasegonda 3 kuri buri kimenyetso, kongera urugero iyo buri murongo ugize amakosa ari munsi ya 3, no kurugabanya iyo hari umurongo ugize amakosa arenga 5. Itandukaniro: inyuguti zivugwa zikozwe n'ijwi rya mudasobwa (cyangwa amajwi), imirongo y'amabara n'imiterere ushobora kongeraho, isomo rigufi, uburyo bwo gukoresha telefoni, amahitamo yo gushyiraho intoki n'amasomo ya buri munsi ukora ku muvuduko wawe. Si ugusubiramo ubushakashatsi bwo kwimenyereza, kandi si umurimo wa mbere wa Kirchner wari ufite umurongo umwe.
Imbogamizi
Kunoza imikorere ku murimo umuntu yimenyereje byagaragajwe neza; ariko niba ibyo byimukira no ku bundi bushobozi, harimo ubwenge, ntibizwi neza kandi biracyaganirwaho. Nta kintu kiri kuri paji cyizeza ko ubwo bushobozi buzamuka. Amajwi n'igihe cyo kwerekana biterwa n'igikoresho na porogaramu ya mudasobwa; inyandiko ibika igihe paji yatanze buri kimenyetso, si igihe ecran cyangwa indangururamajwi byacyerekaniye cyangwa byagisohoreye. Nta ndangagaciro zisanzwe zigereranywaho, kandi umuntu akora nta ukurikiranywe. Ntigikoreshwa mu buvuzi cyangwa mu gusuzuma indwara.
Indimi n’uko zasuzumwe
Amabwiriza ari mu ndimi zose z'urubuga. Mu ndimi 28, umurongo w'amajwi ukoresha inyuguti cyangwa imitwe y'inyuguti by'ururimi kavukire (Bengali, Bulgarian, Chinese Simplified and Traditional, Czech, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Hindi, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Kazakh, Marathi, Nepali, Persian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Serbian, Spanish, Telugu, Ukrainian, Urdu, Albanian, Armenian), byafashwe hakoreshejwe ijwi rya mudasobwa; mu zindi ndimi hakoreshwa amahitamo y'amajwi. Imirongo y'umwanya, ibara n'imiterere ntishingira ku rurimi.
Uko amabwiriza yasuzumwe, hakurikijwe ururimi
Indimi z’amabwiriza zasohotse zanditswe hano hepfo. Uburyo bwo guhindura: ubuhinduzi bwifashisha imashini, hakoreshejwe igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire. Ibyihariye kuri buri rurimi bisobanurwa haruguru; hano nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe.
| Ururimi rw’amabwiriza | Uko isuzuma ryanditswe |
|---|---|
| English | Inyandiko y’umwimerere iri mu Cyongereza. |
| Azərbaycan dili | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Bahasa Indonesia | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Čeština | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Deutsch | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Español | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Filipino | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Français | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Hausa | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Igbo | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Italiano | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Kiswahili | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Magyar | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Nederlands | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Oʻzbekcha | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Polski | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Português | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Shqip | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Soomaali | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Srpski | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Tiếng Việt | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Türkçe | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Türkmençe | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Yorùbá | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Ελληνικά | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Български | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Кыргызча | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Қазақ тілі | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Македонски | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Монгол | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Русский | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Тоҷикӣ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Українська | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ქართული | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| Հայերեն | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| עברית | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| اردو | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| العربية | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| پښتو | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| سنڌي | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| فارسی | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| کوردیی ناوەندی | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| አማርኛ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| नेपाली | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| मराठी | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| हिन्दी | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| অসমীয়া | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| বাংলা | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ਪੰਜਾਬੀ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ગુજરાતી | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ଓଡ଼ିଆ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| தமிழ் | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| తెలుగు | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ಕನ್ನಡ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| മലയാളം | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| සිංහල | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ไทย | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ລາວ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| မြန်မာ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| ខ្មែរ | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 한국어 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 日本語 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 简体中文 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
| 繁體中文 | Igenzura ryikora ry'imiterere y'inyandiko n'imyandikire; nta suzuma rikozwe n'umuntu uvuga ururimi kavukire ryanditswe. |
Uko wasubira ku nyandiko
Helibrain (2026). N-back test, vnback-training-1. https://helibrain.com/n-back-test/methods
Amateka y’impinduka
· Verisiyo nback-training-1 · Inyandiko ya mbere isobanura uburyo bw’igikorwa kiriho ubu cyasohotse.
Inyandiko zifashishijwe
Kirchner, W. K. (1958). Age differences in short-term retention of rapidly changing information. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 55(4), 352-358.
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043688original n-back paradigm
Jaeggi, S. M., Buschkuehl, M., Jonides, J., & Perrig, W. J. (2008). Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(19), 6829-6833.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801268105dual n-back training protocol (timing, block structure, adaptation rule)
Owen, A. M., McMillan, K. M., Laird, A. R., & Bullmore, E. (2005). N-back working memory paradigm: A meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies. Human Brain Mapping, 25(1), 46-59.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20131review of the n-back paradigm
Soveri, A., Antfolk, J., Karlsson, L., Salo, B., & Laine, M. (2017). Working memory training revisited: A multi-level meta-analysis of n-back training studies. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24(4), 1077-1096.
https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-016-1217-0meta-analysis: training effects are mostly task-specific
Melby-Lervåg, M., Redick, T. S., & Hulme, C. (2016). Working memory training does not improve performance on measures of intelligence or other measures of "far transfer": Evidence from a meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 11(4), 512-534.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691616635612meta-analysis: no reliable far transfer
Inyandiko isobanura uburyo: CC BY 4.0. Vuga ko ari iya Helibrain kandi ushyiremo umurongo uhuza n’ubu buryo. Amasoko y’amakuru n’ibikoresho by’igikorwa bigumana impushya zabyo; iyi mpushya ireba gusa inyandiko isobanura uburyo.
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