Ikizamini cya IQ: uburyo

Ibyo gipima

Gutekereza neza ku bibazo bishya (ibishushanyo bya matrice), ubushobozi bwo gufata no gukoresha amakuru mu bwenge (kwibuka imibare), umuvuduko wo gutunganya amakuru (guhuza ikimenyetso n'umubare), ubushobozi bwo kumva imiterere n'ahantu (kuzungurutsa ishusho mu bwenge), n'ubushobozi bw'amagambo (amagambo asa n'andi, ibigereranyo, n'ijambo ridahuye n'andi). Gutekereza gusa ni ko bishyirwa ku gipimo gisa na IQ.

Uko gikorwa

Mbere yo gutangira, umukinnyi ashobora gutanga itsinda ry'imyaka arimo (si ngombwa: munsi ya 16, 16-17, 18-29, 30-44, 45-59, 60 cyangwa hejuru); iyo atabikoze, ibisubizo bye ntibikoreshwa mu kugena ibipimo ngenderwaho bizakoreshwa mu gihe kizaza. 1) Gutekereza: hakoreshwa ibibazo 14 bya Open Matrices Item Bank (OMIB) byatoranyijwe mbere, bimwe ku bantu bose, bitangira ku byoroshye (ibibazo bya OMIB 5, 17, 2, 9, 1, 54, 112, 20, 91, 126, 169, 170, 214, 213), nyuma y'ibibazo 2 by'imyitozo (6 na 11) bifite ibisubizo. Umukinnyi yubaka igice cya cyenda kibura mu bice 20 (amatsinda 5 ya 4) aho guhitamo mu bisubizo byatanzwe; buri kibazo kimara amasegonda 90 ntarengwa, kandi igice cyamaze kubakwa ni cyo gitangwa igihe kirangiye. 2) Ubushobozi bwo gufata no gukoresha amakuru mu bwenge: kwibuka imibare uyivuga imbere (bitangirira kuri 3, ntarengwa ni imibare 12) n'inyuma (bitangirira kuri 2, ntarengwa ni 10), imibare igaragara kuri ecran amasegonda 1,000 + amasegonda 600 kuri buri mubare, umukinnyi akandika ibyo yibuka, agerageza inshuro 2 kuri buri burebure bw'uruhererekane; gusubiza nabi kabiri ku burebure bumwe bihagarika icyo gice; nta mubare usubirwamo inshuro ebyiri zikurikirana. 3) Umuvuduko wo gutunganya amakuru: guhuza ibimenyetso n'imibare mu masegonda 90, ibimenyetso 9 bivuye mu rutonde rw'ibimenyetso 12, buri mukinnyi agahabwa urufunguzo rushya, imyitozo 6 ifite ibisubizo; igisubizo cyose gihita gikurikirwa n'ikindi kibazo. 4) Kumva imiterere n'ahantu: kuzungurutsa ishusho mu bwenge kugira ngo hamenyekane niba ari imwe cyangwa ari ishusho yayo yarebewe mu ndorerwamo, hakoreshwa ibice 16 byatoranyijwe mbere (bimwe ku bantu bose), n'ibice 2 by'imyitozo, amasegonda 8 kuri buri gice. 5) Amagambo: ibibazo 15 by'umwimerere (mu Cyongereza: ibibazo 6 by'amagambo asa n'andi, ibigereranyo 5, n'ibibazo 4 byo guhitamo iridasanzwe; buri kibazo gifite ibisubizo 5 byo guhitamo). Ibibazo bike by'igerageza bidahabwa amanota, by'ubwoko bushya (igishushanyo cya matrice cyakozwe na mudasobwa, uruhererekane rw'imibare, igishushanyo kizungurutswe kiruhije kurushaho, uruhererekane rw'inyuguti, n'ikigereranyo), bishyirwa ahantu hatoranyijwe hakurikijwe imbuto y'igerageza, ntibijya bibanza, kandi ntibibarwa. Seriveri yubaka bundi bushya igerageza ryose ikoresheje iyo mbuto kugira ngo ibare amanota.

Ibipimo fatizo

Uko amanota abarwa

Gutekereza: ubushobozi theta bugereranywa hakoreshejwe igereranya rya expected a posteriori (EAP) mu buryo bwa IRT bwo ku murongo wa logistic bufite ibipimo bibiri, hakurikijwe ibipimo by'ibibazo bya OMIB byasohowe n'igipimo gisanzwe cya normal gishyirwaho mbere; gutandukana gasanzwe kwa posterior ni ikosa risanzwe ry'igereranya. Theta ihindurirwa ku gipimo cya IQ hakoreshejwe IQ = 100 + 15 x (mu + sigma x theta), aho mu = 0.7 (SE 0.2) na sigma = 0.88 (SE 0.03) bisobanura itsinda ryakoreshejwe mu kugena ibipimo bya OMIB, mu duce tw'itandukaniro risanzwe ry'abaturage muri rusange. Iyi mibare yagereranijwe hifashishijwe imibare y'uburezi, ntiyapimwe. Ikosa ry'igereranya rya IQ rihuza ikosa risanzwe ry'umuntu n'uko mu na sigma bitizewe; intera igaragazwa ni +/- 1.645 SE (90%), igarukira kuri 70 na 130. Abatagejeje ku myaka 16 babona amanota fatizo gusa. Ibindi bice bigaragaza amanota fatizo hamwe n'ubutumwa 'igereranya rizaza': kwibuka imibare imbere n'inyuma, ibisubizo by'ikimenyetso n'umubare by'ukuri mu masegonda 90 (n'igihe kuri buri gisubizo cy'ukuri), ukuri mu kuzungurutsa ishusho n'impuzandengo y'igihe cyo gusubiza (RT) ku mashusho yasubijwe neza, n'umubare w'ibibazo by'amagambo by'ukuri. Nta manota rusange ya IQ agaragazwa kugeza igihe buri gice kizaba gifite ibipimo ngenderwaho. Ubutumwa bujyanye no kongera gukora ikizamini bushingira ku kongera amanota nk'amanota 5 bitewe n'imyitozo.

Amategeko agena igerageza ryemewe

Buri gice kigomba kurangizwa, kandi verisiyo y'ikizamini igomba kuba imwe n'iyo umukinnyi yatangiranye. Amakuru y'ireme abikwa hamwe n'igerageza: guhindura za tab, ibisubizo byatanzwe vuba cyane (ikibazo cy'igishushanyo cya matrice cyubatswe mu gihe kiri munsi y'amasegonda 3, ikibazo cyo guhitamo gisubijwe mu gihe kiri munsi y'amasegonda 1.2, igisubizo cyo kuzungurutsa ishusho mu gihe kiri munsi ya ms 300), igihe cyo gutekereza kirangiye igisubizo kitaratangwa, niba umukinnyi yasubukuye igerageza, n'uko ari ubwa mbere agerageje (amakuru ya browser hamwe n'andi magerageza yabanje akoresheje ikimenyetso ndanga kimwe cy'usuye urubuga cyangwa konti imwe). Igerageza ribarwa mu kugena ibipimo ngenderwaho bizakoreshwa mu gihe kizaza gusa iyo ari irya mbere, nta guhindura za tab kwabaye, nta gisubizo kirenze kimwe cyatanzwe vuba cyane, kandi umukinnyi afite imyaka 16 cyangwa irenga. Igerageza ryo gutekereza ryasubijwe neza ryose rirangwa, kuko ibisubizo nyakuri by'ibibazo birashyirwa ahagaragara. Buri gerageza rifite amanota rirabikwa hamwe n'icyiciro cy'igikoresho cyakoreshejwe mu kwinjiza ibisubizo (gukoraho, imbeba, klavye), ururimi rw'urupapuro, verisiyo ibara amanota na hash ya runner-config. Ibimenyetso by'ireme (urugero, amagerageza menshi avuye ku murongo umwe w'itumanaho mu isaha imwe, kubura ikimenyetso ndanga cy'usuye urubuga, browser yikoresha ubwayo, ibisubizo byihuse bidashoboka) n'amagerageza yabanje y'usuye urubuga, konti cyangwa umurongo umwe birabikwa hamwe n'umurongo w'amakuru. Ayo magerageza aragumishwa, ariko ntashyirwa mu igereranya n'abandi bakinnyi. Ibimenyetso ntibihindura igisubizo bwite cy'umukinnyi.

Itandukaniro n’igikorwa cy’umwimerere

Ibizamini bya IQ byo kwa muganga bikorwa imbonankubone n'umugenzuzi wabihuguriwe, bikagira ibindi bizamini byinshi n'ibipimo ngenderwaho byavuye mu itsinda rihagarariye abaturage. Iki kizamini umuntu arikoresha wenyine kandi nta mugenzuzi uba ahari; igice cyo gutekereza gusa ni cyo gifite igereranya n'abaturage, hifashishijwe ikinyuranyo cyagereranijwe. Ibibazo bya OMIB byapimwe nta gihe ntarengwa, bityo igihe ntarengwa cy'amasegonda 90 gituma birushaho kugora ho gato hano. Imibare yo kwibuka igaragara kuri ecran, ntisomwa n'ijwi. Ibibazo by'amagambo ni ibyacu kandi nta bipimo ngenderwaho bifite.

Imbogamizi

Intera ya IQ yo mu gice cyo gutekereza ishingiye ku isano yagereranijwe, itapimwe, hagati y'itsinda ryakoreshejwe mu kugena ibipimo (abasabye kwiga mu mashuri makuru yigisha ubuvuzi yo mu Budage) n'abaturage muri rusange. Amanota yo kuri interineti nta mugenzuzi ahari aba hejuru ho nk'icya gatanu cy'itandukaniro risanzwe ugereranyije n'ayavuye mu kizamini gifite umugenzuzi, kandi kongera gukora ikizamini bituma amanota azamuka kubera kumenyera. Ingano ya ecran, igikoresho cyakoreshejwe mu kwinjiza ibisubizo n'igihe browser ipimira bigira ingaruka ku bice bifite igihe ntarengwa. Amanota y'amagambo ntagereranywa hagati y'indimi. Ntabwo ari ikizamini cya IQ cyo kwa muganga cyangwa cyemewe na Leta; ntigikoreshwa mu gufata ibyemezo by'ishuri, akazi cyangwa ubuvuzi.

Indimi n’uko zasuzumwe

Ibice byo gutekereza, ubushobozi bwo gufata no gukoresha amakuru mu bwenge, umuvuduko n'imiterere n'ahantu ntibishingira ku rurimi. Igice cy'amagambo gikoresha ibibazo byanditswe muri buri rurimi; bimwe byahinduwe bishingiye ku bibazo by'Icyongereza. Kiboneka mu ndimi 29: Icyongereza, Icyarabu, Ikibengali, Igishinwa (Inyandiko zoroshye n'Inyandiko gakondo), Igiholandi, Ikinyafilipino, Igifaransa, Ikidage, Igihebureyi, Igihindi, Ikinyendoziya, Igitaliyani, Ikiyapani, Ikinyakoreya, Ikimarati, Ikiperesi, Igipolonye, Igiporutigali, Ikirusiya, Igiseribiya, Icyesipanyoli, Igitamili, Igitelugu, Igitayi, Igiturukiya, Ikiukereni, Ikiurdu n'Ikinyaviyetinamu. Mu zindi ndimi, igice cy'amagambo kirarukwa. Amabwiriza ari mu ndimi zose z'urubuga.