Ibimenyetso bifatika n’imibare by’ingenzi
| Ingano | Icyo isobanura mu buryo butaziguye | Ibindi bimenyetso bikenewe |
|---|---|---|
| Ibisubizo by’ukuri | Uko umuntu yakoze ku bibazo yatanzwe | Ingorane z’ibibazo n’amabwiriza y’uko bitangwa |
| Igihe cyakoreshejwe | Umuvuduko hakurikijwe ayo mabwiriza | Ukuri kw’ibisubizo, igihe ntarengwa n’ubuziranenge bw’igipimo |
| Ijanisha ry’ijanisha | Umwanya ugereranyije n’itsinda ry’icyitegererezo | Ibisanzwe bikwiriye kandi bihagarariye itsinda |
| Amanota ku gipimo cya IQ | Ibisobanuro bishingiye ku gipimo cyashyizwe ku rugero rumwe | Ihinduranya ryemejwe n’ibipimo bijyanye n’imyaka |
Carpenter, Just na Shell basesenguye uburyo bukoreshwa mu gukemura ibibazo bya Raven, bakoresheje uko abantu bakoze, ibyo bavuze n’uko amaso yabo yagendaga. Ibisobanuro byabo bishimangira kumenya ibihoraho no guhuza isano hagati y’ibintu. Ni isesengura ry’imyumvire ku muryango w’ibizamini bimaze kumenyekana, si ukwemeza agaciro ka buri kibazo cy’icyitegererezo gisa na byo. Carpenter et al., 1990
Kuki ibizamini by’uruhererekane rw’ibishushanyo bikunze kwitwa ibitishingiye ku magambo?
Imiterere y’ibibazo ishobora kugabanya uko hakenerwa kumenya amagambo runaka, ariko ibyo ntibivuze ko ikizamini kitagira aho gihuriye n’amabwiriza, amashuri, ubunararibonye cyangwa umuco. Isuzuma rya Raven rigaragaza ko ibisanzwe bikoreshwa mu kugereranya amanota bihinduka bitewe n’ahantu n’igihe. Kuba ikizamini kidakoresha amagambo menshi no kuvuga ko ibisubizo byacyo bitagira aho bihuriye n’umuco ni ibitekerezo bibiri bitandukanye. Raven, 2000
Incamake yagutse ku bwenge na yo ifata amanota y’ibizamini nk’ibipimo bifite ibyiza n’imipaka, aho kuyafata nk’ibisobanuro byuzuye by’umuntu. Ibikorwa bitandukanye bisaba uburyo butandukanye bwo gutekereza, kwibuka n’ubundi bushobozi. Neisser et al., 1996 Hampshire et al., 2012
Ese gutekereza ukoresheje uruhererekane rw’ibishushanyo ni kimwe na IQ yuzuye?
Oya, ntibihita bingana. Isuzuma ryagutse rishobora guhuza ubwoko bwinshi bw’ibikorwa, rigakoresha amanota rusange asobanurwa mu gitabo cy’ikizamini. Uburyo umwanditsi w’ikizamini asobanuramo amanota bugaragaza ko amanota yagizwe ku gipimo kimwe n’uturango tw’icyizere bijyana na sisitemu y’isuzuma runaka. Kuba imibare ikoreshwa mu gipimo isanzwe imenyerewe ntibihita biha umukino mushya iyo sisitemu. Pearson, 2020
Ni iki kibigiraho ingaruka?
Ni iki gihindura ibisubizo?
Guhitamo ibibazo, urugero rw’ingorane zabyo, igihe ntarengwa no kuba umuntu yarigeze abikora byose bigira ingaruka ku byo ikizamini gipima. Ubushakashatsi ku kongera gukora ibizamini bugaragaza ko amanota ashobora kwiyongera uko umuntu asubiramo ibizamini by’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Bityo, kumenyera ibibazo by’uruhererekane rw’ibishushanyo bishobora gutuma umuntu akora neza kurushaho, ariko ntibihamya ko azatera imbere kimwe ku bikorwa atamenyereye cyangwa ko ubushobozi bwe muri rusange bwiyongereye. Scharfen et al., 2018
Ibipimo bijyanye n’imyaka na byo ni ingenzi. Amanota asanzwe ya IQ agenderwaho ku 100 muri buri tsinda ry’imyaka; amanota fatizo amwe si ngombwa ko ahinduka amanota amwe amaze kugereranywa n’imyaka. Nta manota fatizo y’umwana cyangwa y’umuntu mukuru ashobora guhabwa ijanisha ry’umwanya atabanje gukoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo kugereranya. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Ni iki gikenewe kugira ngo ibipimo byizewe?
Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga agenga imikoreshereze y’ibizamini asaba ibimenyetso bishyigikira ibisobanuro bigenewe gutangwa, uburyo bukwiye bwo kubikoresha no kuzirikana imipaka yabyo. Ubushakashatsi ku kwizerwa kw’ibipimo bugaragaza impamvu igikorwa kimenyerewe cyo gupima imitekerereze gishobora na none gutanga amanota y’umuntu ku giti cye ahindagurika. Imbonerahamwe ishimishije ntisimbura ibyo bipimo. International Test Commission, 2001 Hedge et al., 2017
Ibi ni ingenzi cyane iyo igikorwa kigufi gikoreshwa mu gushyiraho ikirango ku muntu. Ibibazo bike bipima ibintu bike, kandi amanota rusange yonyine ntashobora gusobanura niba ikosa ryatewe no kutumva itegeko, kwihuta, kurangara cyangwa ikindi kintu. Isesengura ry’uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo rishyigikira kwita ku byo igikorwa gisaba aho gutanga igisobanuro kimwe gusa. Carpenter et al., 1990
Ni iki gishoboka kwitoza?
Gukemura ibibazo by’icyitegererezo bishobora gutuma umuntu amenyera ubwo bwoko bw’ibikorwa. Ibimenyetso byo kongera gukora ibizamini bituma twavuga ko izo nyongera ari impinduka z’imikorere yapimwe, mu gihe ibindi bivugwa ku nyungu zaguka bigomba gutegereza ubushakashatsi bupima niba ubushobozi bwimukira no mu bindi bikorwa. Nta nkomoko yatanzwe hano igaragaza ko umukino wa Helibrain utuma umuntu arushaho kugira ubwenge cyangwa usuzuma ubumuga bwo gutekereza. Scharfen et al., 2018 International Test Commission, 2001
Niba ushaka kwikurikiranira uko ukora, koresha verisiyo imwe n’amabwiriza amwe y’igihe, wandike niba wari warigeze kubikora, kandi uvuge ko ibisubizo ari amanota ku bibazo byapimwe. Ibyo bitanga amakuru arushijeho kuba ingirakamaro kuruta gufata ijanisha fatizo nk’urwego rusange rw’ubwenge rw’umuntu. Raven, 2000 International Test Commission, 2001
Gerageza ikizamini cy’ubuntu kijyanye n’iki
Ikizamini cyo gutekereza ukoresheje urukurikirane rw’ibishushanyo
Gerageza ikizamini cyo gutekereza ukoresheje uruhererekane rw’ibishushanyo kugira ngo urebe uko umenya amategeko mu bishushanyo. Soma amabwiriza agenga igihe n’amanota. Ibisubizo ni iby’umukino wo kuri interineti; kuba usa n’ibizamini by’uruhererekane rw’ibishushanyo bimaze kumenyekana ntibihita biwuha ibipimo byabyo byo kugereranya amanota cyangwa ukwemezwa kwa muganga.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Ese gutekereza ukoresheje uruhererekane rw’ibishushanyo nta ho bihuriye n’umuco?
Imiterere y’ikibazo idakoresha amagambo menshi ntikuraho ingaruka z’aho n’igihe ikizamini gikorewe. Ibisanzwe byo kugereranya amanota y’ibizamini by’uruhererekane rw’ibishushanyo byagiye bihinduka bitewe n’ahantu n’igihe. Raven, 2000
Ese ijanisha ry’ibisubizo by’ukuri narigira IQ?
Ibisobanuro nk’ibyo byashingira gusa ku ihinduranya ryemejwe kandi rifite ibipimo bijyanye n’imyaka. Uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyira amanota ya IQ ku gipimo si ihinduranya nk’iryo. International Test Commission, 2001 Neisser et al., 1996
Ese kwitoza bigira ingaruka ku manota yo gutekereza ukoresheje uruhererekane rw’ibishushanyo?
Amanota yiyongera iyo umuntu yongeye gukora ibizamini by’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, bityo igihe asobanura ibisubizo yasubiyemo agomba kuzirikana ko yari yarigeze gukora icyo kizamini. Scharfen et al., 2018
Amasoko
- Neisser et al. (1996). Ubwenge: ibizwi n’ibitaramenyekana..
- Pearson (2020). Raporo isobanura WISC-V: ibyerekeye amanota.
- International Test Commission (2001). Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga agenga imikoreshereze y’ibizamini.
- Raven (2000). Imbonerahamwe z’uruhererekane rwa Raven: impinduka n’ihame ridahinduka mu mico no mu bihe.
- Carpenter et al. (1990). Icyo ikizamini kimwe cy’ubwenge gipima: ibisobanuro by’imikorere ikoreshwa mu kizamini cy’uruhererekane rw’ibishushanyo rwa Raven..
- Hampshire et al. (2012). Gusesengura ibice bigize ubwenge bw’umuntu.
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Ingaruka zo kongera gukora ibizamini by’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza: isesengura rusange.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Ikibazo cyo kwizerwa: impamvu ibizamini bikomeye by’imitekerereze bitanga itandukaniro ridahinduka hagati y’abantu.