Ibimenyetso bifatika n’imibare by’ingenzi
| Ikibazo cy’ubushakashatsi | Ibyo ibimenyetso bitandukanya |
|---|---|
| Kuzungurutsa amashusho mu bwenge n’ubundi bushobozi bwose bwo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere | Imirimo itandukanye yo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere igaragaza uburyo butandukanye bw’itandukaniro hagati y’amatsinda |
| Impuzandengo y’itsinda n’ubushobozi bw’umuntu ku giti cye | Itandukaniro ry’impuzandengo ntirishyira buri muntu mu cyiciro runaka |
| Uko umuntu akora ubu n’uko ashobora kwitoza | Ubushakashatsi ku myitozo yo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere bwerekana ko abantu bashobora gutera imbere |
| Amanota ku gikorwa n’ubwenge rusange | Igikorwa kimwe cyo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere ntigaragaza ubushobozi bwose bwo gutekereza |
Isesengura rusange ryakozwe na Voyer na bagenzi be ryagabanyije ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi hakurikijwe ikizamini cyihariye n’uburyo cyakozwe. Isesengura rya mbere ryakozwe na Linn na Petersen na ryo ritandukanya kuzungurutsa amashusho mu bwenge, kumenya imiterere mu kirere no kuyibona mu bwenge. Gutanga umubare umwe nk’itandukaniro hagati y’ibitsina ku bushobozi bwose bwo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere bivanaho ayo matandukaniro. Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Ikizamini cyo kuzungurutsa ishusho mu bwenge gisaba iki?
Ubushakashatsi buzwi bwa Shepard na Metzler bwasesenguye uburyo abantu bafata ibyemezo ku bintu bifite ibipimo bitatu bizengurutswe. Vandenberg na Kuse bakoze ikizamini cyandikwa n’abantu benshi icyarimwe, kigira ibibazo n’uburyo bwacyo bwo gutanga amanota. Ikizamini cyo kuri interineti gikoresha ibindi bishushanyo, igihe ntarengwa cyangwa amabwiriza yo gusubiza nticyahita gifatwa nk’aho gifite ibipimo by’ibi bizamini byombi. Shepard et al., 1971 Vandenberg et al., 1978
Ibi bivuze kandi ko itandukaniro mu bisubizo byo kuri ukuri, igihe cyo kurangiza n’umubare w’ibibazo umuntu agezeho igihe cyagenwe bidashobora gufatwa nk’ibipimo bimwe. Uko ikizamini gikorwa biri mu byavuyemo, si akantu gato ko kwirengagiza. Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Itandukaniro ry’impuzandengo risobanura iki ku gusumbana kw’amanota?
Ntibivuze ko abagabo bose batsinda abagore bose cyangwa ko amanota y’umuntu ashobora guhanurwa hashingiwe ku gitsina cye. Isuzuma rya Hyde rishyira itandukaniro ry’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza hagati y’ibitsina mu rwego rw’aho ibintu byinshi bihuriye n’aho bitandukaniye bitewe n’igikorwa. Incamake y’itsinda si urubanza ku muntu ku giti cye. Hyde, 2005
Ni iki kibigiraho ingaruka?
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje impamvu yabiteye?
Kureba itandukaniro ntibihishura ukwabyo uruhare rw’ibinyabuzima, ibyo umuntu yanyuzemo, uburyo akoresha, imiterere y’ikizamini cyangwa imikoranire yabyo. Isesengura rusange ry’ubushakashatsi ryavuzwe rivuga ibyavuye mu bizamini n’ibintu byagize uruhare, ariko ntiritanga ishingiro ryo kuvuga ko hari impamvu imwe isobanura uko umuntu ku giti cye ameze. Uko itandukaniro rigaragara uko abantu bakura na byo biterwa n’igipimo cyakoreshejwe, aho kuba imyaka imwe ihoraho buri tandukaniro ryose rigaragariraho. Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Kwitoza bishobora guhindura uko umuntu akora?
Isesengura rusange ryakozwe na Uttal na bagenzi be ku myitozo yo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere ryasanze ingaruka mpuzandengo y’imyitozo ari Hedges’ g = 0.47 nyuma yo gukuramo ibyavuye ku ruhande. Isesengura rikubiyemo imyitozo itandukanye yo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere, si iyo kuzungurutsa amashusho mu bwenge gusa kandi si umukino wa Helibrain. Ryerekana ko ubushobozi bwo gukora imirimo ijyanye n’imiterere no mu kirere bushobora guhinduka, ariko ntiryizeza ko buri wese azatera imbere kimwe cyangwa ko itandukaniro hagati y’amatsinda rizashira burundu. Uttal et al., 2013
Ubushakashatsi bwo gusubiramo ibizamini na bwo bwerekana ko amanota yiyongera mu bizamini bitandukanye by’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza. Bityo, amanota meza umuntu abonye nyuma asaba kugereranywa n’ayabanje, harebwa niba kumenyera ikizamini byagize uruhare mbere yo kuyitiririra ihinduka rusange ry’ubushobozi. Scharfen et al., 2018
Wasobanura ute amanota yawe?
Koresha ubwoko bumwe bw’ibishushanyo, igihe ntarengwa n’uburyo bwo gutanga amanota, kandi urebe umuvuduko hamwe n’ukuri kw’ibisubizo. Ubushakashatsi ku kwiringirwa kw’ibipimo buributsa ko igikorwa cy’ubushakashatsi gitanga ibisubizo bihamye ku itsinda kitahita gitanga urutonde ruhamye rw’ubushobozi bw’abantu ku giti cyabo. Igisubizo kimwe cy’ikizamini kigufi ni ikimenyetso kidakomeye cyo gufata ubushobozi bw’umuntu bwo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere nk’aho budahinduka. Hedge et al., 2017
Uburyo bufasha ni ukwibanda ku gikorwa cyihariye: menya kuzungurutsa cyangwa amabwiriza bikugora, maze ukurikirane iterambere ryawe ukoresheje ibibazo bishya ariko bihwanye n’ibyo wakoze. Ibimenyetso byerekana ko abantu bashobora kwiga ubu buhanga bwo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere, ariko ntibihamya ko buri muntu azatera imbere. Ntibishyigikira kuvuga ko igitsina kimwe kidashobora kuzungurutsa ibintu mu bwenge cyangwa ko uyu mukino uzamura ubwenge rusange. Uttal et al., 2013 Hyde, 2005
Umubare wa 286 w’ibipimo by’ingaruka ugaragaza ubwinshi bw’ibyegeranyijwe mu isesengura rimwe ryakozwe kera. Ntukawufate nk’icyitegererezo gihagarariye abantu bose muri iki gihe cyangwa ngo ukoreshe uwo mubare ubarire ijanisha ryawe mu bakoresha ikizamini cyo kuri interineti. Voyer et al., 1995
Gerageza ikizamini cy’ubuntu kijyanye n’iki
Ikizamini cyo kuzungurutsa ishusho mu bwenge
Gerageza ikizamini cyo kuzungurutsa ishusho mu bwenge, usobanure amanota ukurikije amabwiriza yacyo. Gereranya ibisubizo by’ibigeragezo byawe bihwanye aho guha umuntu amanota ushingiye ku myumvire rusange ku itsinda. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byasohotse ntibitanga uburyo bwo gukosora amanota y’uyu mukino hashingiwe ku gitsina.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Impuzandengo yerekana uzatsinda?
Oya. Itandukaniro ry’impuzandengo y’amatsinda ntirigena uko buri muntu atsinda undi. Hyde, 2005
Itandukaniro riba rimwe ku bizamini byose byo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere?
Oya. Isesengura rusange ry’ubushakashatsi ryo hambere ryombi ritandukanya ubwoko bw’imirimo n’uruhare rw’uburyo yakozwemo. Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Ubushobozi bwo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere bushobora gutera imbere?
Isesengura rusange ry’imyitozo rishyigikira ko impuzandengo y’ubushobozi yiyongera mu myitozo itandukanye ijyanye n’imiterere no mu kirere, ariko iterambere rirahindagurika kandi nta nyungu ku muntu ku giti cye yizejwe. Uttal et al., 2013
Amasoko
- Voyer et al. (1995). Ubukana bw’itandukaniro hagati y’ibitsina mu bushobozi bwo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere: isesengura rusange n’ibintu by’ingenzi byasuzumwe..
- Linn et al. (1985). Kugaragara no gusobanura itandukaniro rishingiye ku gitsina mu bushobozi bwo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere: isesengura rusange.
- Shepard et al. (1971). Kuzungurutsa mu bwenge ibintu bifite ibipimo bitatu.
- Vandenberg et al. (1978). Kuzungurutsa amashusho mu bwenge: ikizamini rusange cyo kubona mu bwenge imiterere ifite ibipimo bitatu.
- Uttal et al. (2013). Uko ubushobozi bwo gutekereza ku miterere no mu kirere bushobora guhinduka: isesengura rusange ry’ubushakashatsi ku myitozo..
- Hyde (2005). Igitekerezo cy’uko ibitsina bisa mu bintu byinshi..
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Ingaruka zo gusubira gukora ibizamini by’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza: isesengura rusange.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Ikibazo cyo kwiringirwa kw’ibipimo: impamvu imirimo ikomeye yo gupima ubushobozi bwo gutekereza idatanga itandukaniro ry’abantu ku giti cyabo ryizewe.