Ibimenyetso bifatika n’imibare by’ingenzi
| Amanota y’urugero | Ingano y’igihenge gisanzwe hejuru ya 100 | Ijanisha ry’icyitegererezo gisanzwe |
|---|---|---|
| 100 | 0 | 50.00 |
| 115 | 1 | 84.13 |
| 130 | 2 | 97.72 |
| 145 | 3 | 99.87 |
Ibarura rikoresha z = (amanota − 100) / 15 n’ikwirakwira risanzwe ryegeranya, maze rigatanga igisubizo kizengurutswe ku mibare ibiri inyuma y’akadomo. Impuzandengo ya 100 n’igihenge gisanzwe cya 15 ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyiraho igipimo. Ibitabo by’ikizamini nyirizina ni byo bigena amahame agomba gukoreshwa, ingano y’amanota n’uko asobanurwa; umurongo usanzwe wo mu mibare ntiwemeza ko ikizamini gishya gifite agaciro. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Ijanisha si igipimo cy’ibisubizo nyabyo
Ijanisha rigaragaza umwanya umuntu afite mu itsinda ry’igereranya. Ntirivuga ko umuntu yashubije neza icyo gipimo cy’ibibazo, cyangwa ko afite icyo gipimo cy’ubwenge bwose. Amabwiriza agenga ikoreshwa ry’ibizamini asaba itsinda ry’igereranya rifite ishingiro n’ibimenyetso byemeza uko amanota agenewe gusobanurwa. Ibyo bitariho, ijanisha rishobora kugaragara nk’aho risobanutse kurusha uko ibimenyetso birishingiraho bibyemera. International Test Commission, 2001
Ni iki gihinduka uko umuntu akura?
IQ ipimwa hagereranywa n’imyaka: ku gipimo gisanzwe, impuzandengo y’igereranya ni 100 muri buri tsinda ry’imyaka. Umwana n’umuntu mukuru bashobora kubona amanota amwe ahuje n’imyaka yabo, nubwo baba basubije ibibazo bitandukanye cyangwa babonye amanota fatizo atandukanye. Bityo, imibare y’icyitegererezo gisanzwe ntisobanura uko ubushobozi buhinduka mu buzima bwose hatitawe ku myaka. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Amahame ashingira ku kizamini, ku baturage no ku gihe. Isuzuma rya Raven rigaragaza ko amahame y’ibizamini by’imiterere y’utudomo yahindutse bitewe n’aho byakorewe n’igihe. Amanota yo mu kizamini kimwe ntakwiye gufatwa nk’aho ibizamini byose n’imbonerahamwe z’amahame zo mu bihe bitandukanye bifite uburyo bwo gupima bumwe. Raven, 2000
Ni iki kibigiraho ingaruka?
Kuki amanota yo ku mpera z’ijanisha asaba kwitonderwa kurushaho?
Amatsinda mato akoreshwa mu gushyiraho amahame aba afite amakuru make afatika ku manota aboneka gake cyane. Bityo, ijanisha rishimishije ryo ku mpera z’igipimo rishobora guterwa n’ibyo icyitegererezo cya mibare cyafashe nk’ukuri, kimwe n’ibyabonetse. Amabwiriza agenga ikoreshwa ry’ibizamini asaba ibimenyetso bihuye n’umwanzuro ushaka gufata; kandi kumenya ukudashidikanya kuri raporo y’amanota birafasha kurusha gufata umubare wa nyuma nk’ukuri kudashidikanywaho. International Test Commission, 2001 Pearson, 2020
Ese amanota yo gukemura urujijo rw’imiterere y’utudomo asobanura IQ yose?
Carpenter na bagenzi be basesenguye uburyo bwo gutekereza bukoreshwa mu bizamini bya Raven by’utudomo. Ibyo bisobanura mu bitekerezo umuryango w’ingenzi w’ibikorwa, ariko ntibihesha uburenganzira bwo guhindura amanota yose yo mu rujijo rwakozwe mu rugo ngo abe IQ rusange yashyizwe ku gipimo cy’amahame. Ubushakashatsi ku miterere y’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza na bwo butuburira kutibwira ko buri gikorwa gipima ikintu kimwe gusa cy’ubushobozi. Carpenter et al., 1990 Hampshire et al., 2012
Bite ku kongera gukora ikizamini no ku makosa yo gupima?
Isesengura rusange ry’ubushakashatsi ryasanze ko kongera gukora ibizamini by’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza akenshi bituma amanota azamuka. Bityo, igisubizo cyo mu kizamini cyasubiwemo gishobora kugaragaza ko umuntu amenyereye ikizamini, kimwe n’andi matandukaniro. Ubushakashatsi ku kwizerwa bwongeraho ko amanota y’ibikorwa n’itandukaniro ryayo bigomba kubanza kugaragazwa ko bihamye mbere yo kubifata nk’imico y’umuntu. Nta na kimwe muri ibyo kibonerwa umuti no kwerekana imibare myinshi y’ijanisha. Scharfen et al., 2018 Hedge et al., 2017
Ku isuzuma ryemewe kandi risanzwe rikoreshwa, reba raporo yaryo, amahame agendanye n’imyaka n’intera y’icyizere. Ku gikorwa cyo kuri murandasi kigamije ubushakashatsi gusa, fata igisubizo ku rwego ibimenyetso by’uko cyemewe kibishyigikira. Izi ngero z’imibare zisobanura igipimo gisanzwe; ntizitanga impamvu yo kubwira ukina ko arusha abantu umubare runaka mu ijanisha ubwenge. International Test Commission, 2001 Pearson, 2020
Icy’ingenzi ni ugutandukanya kumva uko ijanisha ribarwa no kugira ibimenyetso byemeza ko amanota runaka agomba gushyirwa kuri uwo murongo w’igereranya. Byombi birakenewe mbere yo kugereranya abantu ku giti cyabo. Neisser et al., 1996 International Test Commission, 2001
Gerageza ikizamini cy’ubuntu kijyanye n’iki
Ikizamini cya IQ
Gerageza ikizamini cya IQ kugira ngo umenye ibikorwa kirimo. Sobanura igipimo cyacyo cyo kuri murandasi ukurikije imbogamizi zivugwa. Imbonerahamwe y’ijanisha hano isobanura igipimo gisanzwe cy’icyitegererezo; ntigaragaza ko Helibrain ifite amahame y’igereranya ahagarariye abantu bose.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Ese 130 bivuga ko 130% by’ibibazo byasubijwe neza?
Oya. Ku gipimo cyavuzwe, biri hejuru y’impuzandengo ho ibihenge bibiri bisanzwe; kubara ijanisha ni ikindi gikorwa. Neisser et al., 1996
Ese IQ ya 100 iba impuzandengo ku myaka yose?
Yego, mu buryo busanzwe bw’igipimo gishingira ku myaka. Icyakora, uko umuntu akora ibikorwa bifatika bishobora guhinduka uko agenda akura. Pearson, 2020
Ese nshobora gukoresha iyi mbonerahamwe ku manota ayo ari yo yose yo kuri murandasi?
Oya. Ikizamini kigomba kuba gifite amahame y’igereranya akwiye kandi cyaragenzuwe mbere y’uko amanota yacyo asobanurwa hakurikijwe iryo kwirakwira. International Test Commission, 2001
Amasoko
- Neisser et al. (1996). Ubwenge: ibyazwi n’ibitazwi..
- Pearson (2020). Raporo isobanura WISC-V: ibijyanye n’amanota.
- International Test Commission (2001). Amabwiriza mpuzamahanga yo gukoresha ibizamini.
- Raven (2000). Imbonerahamwe ya Raven y’utudomo: impinduka n’ihame mu mico no mu bihe.
- Carpenter et al. (1990). Icyo ikizamini kimwe cy’ubwenge gipima: ibisobanuro mu bitekerezo by’uburyo bwo gutekereza mu kizamini cya Raven cy’utudomo.
- Hampshire et al. (2012). Gusesengura ibice bigize ubwenge bw’umuntu.
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Ingaruka zo kongera gukora ibizamini by’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza: isesengura rusange.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Ikibazo cy’ukwizerwa: impamvu ibikorwa bihamye byo gupima ubushobozi bwo gutekereza bitagaragaza itandukaniro ry’abantu ku giti cyabo ryizewe.