Ibimenyetso bifatika n’imibare by’ingenzi
| Ibyagaragajwe n’isesengura ry’imyitozo y’ubushobozi bwo kumva imiterere n’aho ibintu biherereye | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Hasuzumwe ubushakashatsi 217 | Icyegeranyo kinini cy’imyitozo itandukanye ijyanye n’ubushobozi bwo kumva imiterere n’aho ibintu biherereye |
| Isesengura ryakomeje: ubushakashatsi 206, ingano z’ingaruka 1,038 | Isesengura rishingirwaho mu kubara igereranya nyuma yo gukuramo ibyabonetse bitandukanye cyane n’ibindi |
| Impuzandengo ya g = 0.47 nyuma yo gukuramo ibyabonetse bitandukanye cyane n’ibindi | Ingaruka y’imyitozo igereranyije, ipimwa ku gipimo gisanzwe |
| Kwimura ibyo wamenyereye mu yindi mirimo ijyanye n’imiterere n’aho ibintu biherereye | Hari aho ubumenyi bwimukira mu yindi mirimo yo muri urwo rwego |
| Imirimo n’uburyo bwo kugenzura byari bitandukanye | Nta gihe cyangwa inyungu y’imyitozo imwe ihuriweho na bose |
Iri sesengura risuzuma igihe inyungu zimara, ibintu biyihindura n’uko kwimura ubumenyi bigenda. Rifite aho rirebeye hanini kurusha ubushakashatsi bwibanda gusa ku myitozo yo kuzungurutsa ishusho mu bwenge. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bishyigikira ko ubushobozi bwo kumva imiterere n’aho ibintu biherereye bushobora guhinduka, ariko ntibyemeza ko buri mukino wo kuri interineti umara igihe gito uzatanga umusaruro uhwanye n’impuzandengo y’imyitozo yasuzumwe cyangwa uhindure ubwenge muri rusange. Uttal et al., 2013
Ni iki mu by’ukuri gishobora kunozwa?
Ikigeragezo cya kera cyo kuzungurutsa ishusho mu bwenge gipima ubushobozi bwo guhuza ibintu bifite icyerekezo gitandukanye. Ibindi bizamini byongeramo ibintu byinshi, ibishushanyo byo kurangaza bitandukanye cyangwa igihe ntarengwa kigufi. Uko umuntu akora bishobora guterwa no kumenya amategeko y’umukoro n’ingamba zo kuwukora, ndetse no guhinduka k’uburyo akemura ikibazo. Ibyapimwe bigomba kugaragaza niba ari ukuri, umuvuduko cyangwa ubwoko bw’ibibazo byakoreshejwe. Shepard et al., 1971 Vandenberg et al., 1978
Ubushakashatsi bwo kongera gukora ibizamini bugaragaza ko amanota ashobora kwiyongera iyo ibizamini by’ubwenge bisubiwemo, bityo kugerageza ku nshuro ya kabiri gusa si igerageza rigenzurwa ry’imyitozo. Isuzuma rifite akamaro rigomba gutandukanya kumenyera bisanzwe n’inyongera iterwa n’imyitozo. Scharfen et al., 2018
Ese imyitozo ifasha abantu bose kimwe?
Iri sesengura rusange ntirigaragaza ko buri muntu yungukira kimwe. Risuzuma itandukaniro riri hagati y’imyitozo n’abayikora, harimo n’imyaka n’igitsina, ariko impuzandengo yavuye mu matsinda ntishobora guhanura uko umuntu umwe azatera imbere. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, isuzuma rya kera ry’itandukaniro rishingiye ku gitsina risobanura impuzandengo iterwa n’ubwoko bw’umukoro, aho kugaragaza aho umuntu ku giti cye atarenga. Uttal et al., 2013 Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
Ni iki kibigiraho ingaruka?
Ese iterambere rigaragarira no mu yindi mirimo itari umukino?
Kwimurira ibyo wamenyereye mu mirimo itakozwemo imyitozo ijyanye n’imiterere n’aho ibintu biherereye ni igipimo gifite ibisobanuro birenze kunozwa ku bibazo bisubirwamo gusa, kandi iri sesengura rigaragaza ko uko kwimura kubaho. Ibyo biracyari bike ugereranyije no kunozwa mu mirimo yose isanzwe ijyanye n’imiterere n’aho ibintu biherereye cyangwa no kwiyongera k’ubwenge muri rusange. Guhuza imyitozo n’isuzuma bigira ingaruka ku byo umuntu ashobora kuvuga ko byagezweho. Uttal et al., 2013
Wakwitwararika ute kugira ngo utitiranya guhindura ingamba n’ubushobozi bushya?
Andika ubwoko bw’umukoro, igihe wamaze n’uko wari warigeze kuwukora. Niba utangiye gukoresha ubundi buryo bwo kugereranya, ibyo bishobora kuba ari imyigire ifite akamaro, ariko bigaragaze nk’imwe mu mpinduka zabayeho. Ibyavuye mu isuzuma rimwe ry’urutonde rw’ibishushanyo ntibyemeza ubwabyo amanota rusange y’ubushobozi bwo kumva imiterere n’aho ibintu biherereye. Shepard et al., 1971 Vandenberg et al., 1978
Ikosa rishobora kubaho mu bipimo na ryo ni ingenzi. Ubushakashatsi ku kibazo cyo kwiringirwa bwerekana ko ibyavuye mu bizamini bya kera bishobora kuba bihamye ku rwego rw’itsinda, ariko ntibihamye mu kugaragaza itandukaniro hagati y’abantu ku giti cyabo. Impinduka nto hagati y’amasomo magufi ntigomba gufatwa nk’ihinduka rizahoraho. Hedge et al., 2017
Ni iyihe ntego y’imyitozo ishoboka?
Intego yaba ugukemura ibibazo bishya bisa neza kandi vuba kurushaho, ukajya ukurikirana ibyo bipimo byombi. Iri sesengura ryavuzwe ntirigaragaza igihe cya buri munsi gihuriweho na bose, umubare w’amasomo cyangwa amanota agomba kugerwaho kuri uyu mukoro wo muri mushakisha. Rishyigikira ko umuntu ashobora kugira icyo yiga, ariko ntiritanga ubuhanuzi bwihariye kuri buri muntu. Uttal et al., 2013 Scharfen et al., 2018
Irinde gusobanura ingorane za mbere ukoresheje imyumvire rusange ishingiye ku gitsina. Ubushakashatsi bw’abantu benshi n’isuzuma rinini ry’aho abagabo n’abagore bahuriye ntibigaragaza ubushobozi umuntu ku giti cye ashobora kugeraho. Uko umuntu akora ubu n’ubushobozi bwo kwiga ni ibibazo bibiri bitandukanye. Voyer et al., 1995 Hyde, 2005
Bityo, inyungu ishobora kuvugwa mu kuri ni iyi: hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko imyitozo ijyanye n’imiterere n’aho ibintu biherereye itanga impuzandengo y’iterambere, harimo no kwimura bimwe mu byo wamenyereye mu yindi mirimo yo muri urwo rwego, mu bihe byasuzumwe. Kumenya niba imyitozo y’umukino runaka itanga inyungu runaka mu yindi mirimo bisaba kubipima mu buryo butaziguye. Uttal et al., 2013
Gerageza ikizamini cy’ubuntu kijyanye n’iki
Ikizamini cyo kuzungurutsa ishusho mu bwenge
Gerageza ikizamini cyo kuzungurutsa ishusho mu bwenge kugira ngo umenye uko uwo mukoro umeze. Niba ukora imyitozo, andika ibyo wagerageje mbere kandi ukoreshe ibibazo bishya bisa igihe upima impinduka. Umukino ntusezeranya ko uzongera amanota ya IQ cyangwa ko uzatanga impuzandengo y’ingaruka yavuzwe ku myitozo itandukanye ijyanye n’imiterere n’aho ibintu biherereye.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Ese g = 0.47 bivuga ko umuntu yitwara neza kurushaho ku kigero cya 47%?
Oya. Ni itandukaniro ry’impuzandengo ripimwe ku gipimo gisanzwe, kandi ibyabonetse bitandukanye cyane n’ibindi byakuwe mu isesengura ryavuzwe. Uttal et al., 2013
Ese imyitozo izongera IQ yanjye?
Ibyavuye mu myitozo ijyanye n’imiterere n’aho ibintu biherereye ntibyemeza ko uwo ari umusaruro w’uyu mukino. Iterambere no kwimura ibyo wamenyereye bigomba gusobanurwa hakurikijwe ibyo bapimye koko. Uttal et al., 2013
Nakora imyitozo iminota ingahe?
Izi nyandiko ntizigaragaza igihe cy’imyitozo gihuriweho na bose cyaba cyiza kuri uyu mukoro wo muri mushakisha. Gutanga ingengabihe ihamye byaba ari ukongeraho ibisobanuro birambuye bidashyigikiwe n’ibimenyetso. Uttal et al., 2013 Scharfen et al., 2018
Amasoko
- Voyer et al. (1995). Ingano y’itandukaniro rishingiye ku gitsina mu bushobozi bwo kumva imiterere n’aho ibintu biherereye: Isesengura rusange n’ibintu by’ingenzi byasuzumwe..
- Linn et al. (1985). Kugaragara no gusobanura itandukaniro rishingiye ku gitsina mu bushobozi bwo kumva imiterere n’aho ibintu biherereye: Isesengura rusange.
- Shepard et al. (1971). Kuzungurutsa mu bwenge ibintu bifite ibipimo bitatu.
- Vandenberg et al. (1978). Kuzungurutsa amashusho mu bwenge, ikizamini cy’itsinda gipima ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvisha ibintu bifite ibipimo bitatu.
- Uttal et al. (2013). Ubushobozi bwo kumva imiterere n’aho ibintu biherereye burahinduka: Isesengura rusange ry’ubushakashatsi ku myitozo..
- Hyde (2005). Igitekerezo cy’uko abagabo n’abagore bahuriye mu bintu byinshi..
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Ingaruka zo kongera gukora ibizamini by’ubushobozi bwo kumenya: Isesengura rusange.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Ikibazo cyo kwiringirwa: Impamvu imirimo yo gupima ubwenge itanga ibisubizo bihamye ku matsinda ariko ntigaragaze itandukaniro rihamye hagati y’abantu.