Ivyemezo nyamukuru n'imibare
| Igikorwa | Ivyo usabwa kugereranya | Ico amanota menshi asigura ako kanya |
|---|---|---|
| 1-back | Ikintu kiriho ubu n’icari giherutse | Gukora neza hakurikijwe iryo tegeko |
| 2-back | Ikintu kiriho ubu n’icari mu bibanza bibiri imbere | Guhindura no guhuza neza muri ico gikorwa |
| 3-back | Ikintu kiriho ubu n’icari mu bibanza bitatu imbere | Uko umuntu akora iyo ikiringo kiri hagati ari kinini, hakurikijwe umwanya wategekanijwe |
Iyo nomero yerekana intera iri mu rukurikirane. Ntisigura gusa igitigiri cose c’ibintu umuntu ashobora kubika mu bwenge, kuko ico gikorwa gisaba kandi kuguma akurikirana, ahindura amakuru kandi yishura. Isuzuma ry’ubushakashatsi bwo gufata amashusho y’ubwonko rya Owen na bagenziwe ririmwo uburyo bwinshi butandukanye mu bwoko bw’ikintu cerekanywe, ikibanza caco, canke kuba gifise amajambo canke kitayafise. Owen et al., 2005
Igituma citwa igikorwa co kwibuka mu gihe ukora
Inyigisho zijanye no kwibuka mu gihe ukora zerekana ko umuntu agumana amakuru hafi mu bwenge igihe ariko arayakoresha canke ayahindura. Uburyo bwa n-back bukoresha igice c’ivyo bikorwa vyinshi. Iryo zina ntirisigura ko ibikorwa vyose vyo kwibuka mu gihe ukora bipima ubushobozi bumwe canke bikoresha uburyo bumwe bwo kubika amakuru no kugenzura ibikorwa. Baddeley, 2012 Cowan, 2001
Nk’akarorero, ibikorwa bisaba kwibuka ibintu vyinshi mu gihe ukora ikindi gikorwa birimwo kwibuka amakuru hamwe n’ikindi gikorwa co kuyatunganya, kandi akenshi bisaba ko umuntu ayavuga canke ayandika yibutse. Isuzuma ry’uburyo bukoreshwa rivuga ko imiterere y’ivyo bikorwa itandukanye no kumenya ibintu ubudahumeka muri n-back. Kuba vyose vyitwa igikorwa co kwibuka ntibisubirira ibimenyamenya vyerekana ukuntu amanota yavyo afitaniye isano. Conway et al., 2005
N-back yoba ishobora gusubirira ikigeragezo co kwibuka ibintu vyinshi?
Isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi bwinshi rya Redick na Lindsey ryasanze isano iri hagati ya n-back n’ibikorwa bisaba kwibuka ibintu vyinshi ari nto, kandi ko ivyavuye mu bushakashatsi bitandukanye. Umwanzuro waryo ni uko ivyo bipimo bidashobora gukoreshwa nk’aho ari kimwe. Ni co gituma amanota make mu kimwe n’amanota menshi mu kindi atari ukuvuguruzanya ubwo nyene, canke ngo vyerekane ko kimwe muri ivyo vyavuye atari ukuri. Redick et al., 2013
Ni ibiki bigira ico bihinduye?
Ukuri kw’inyishu ntigushingira gusa ku ntera iri hagati y’ibintu
Igihe ikintu kimara cerekanywe, igihe co kwishura, incuro inyishu nyayo iboneka n’ingene inyishu z’ikinyoma zibarwa birahindura urugero rw’ingorane. Buri gihe tandukanya kumenya ibintu bihuye no gukanda kenshi. Amanota ategerezwa gushingira ku mategeko asigura inyishu ziboneye n’izitari zo, aho gushingira ku rugero rwa n rwonyene. Kuba ubushakashatsi bwa n-back bukoresha uburyo butandukanye ni kimwe mu bituma urugero rwo mu buryo bumwe rudashobora gufatwa nk’itegeko risanzwe kuri bose. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Kugereranya imyaka n’igitsina na vyo bisaba gukoresha uburyo bumwe n’itsinda ry’abantu ribereye. Aya masuzuma ntatanga urugero rwiza rukurikije imyaka rwemewe kuri bose mu rukino rwo kuri internet ruhindura ingorane uko umuntu akora. Kurutanga vyoba ari ugutanga ukuri kudashigikiwe n’ibimenyamenya. Redick et al., 2013 Conway et al., 2005
Kwiteza imbere mu kwimenyereza vyerekana iki?
Isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi ku kwimenyereza n-back riratandukanya kwimurira ubumenyi ku bikorwa bisa n’ukubwimura ku bindi bintu bitandukanye cane. Isuzuma ryagutse ryo kwimenyereza kwibuka mu gihe ukora ntirisanga ivyemezo vyemeza ko kwiteza imbere muri ubwo bwoko bwose bw’ibikorwa bibera kure y’ivyo wimenyerejemwo, iyo kugereranya bikorwa neza. Ni co gituma kwiteza imbere muri n-back ari ikimenyetso c’uko umuntu yize ubuhinga bwageragejwe, ariko atari icemezo c’uko ubwenge rusangi bwongerekanye. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Kuba igipimo cizewe ni ikindi gisabwa. Igikorwa gishobora gukoresha neza igikorwa c’ubwenge gifise insiguro kandi kikerekana itandukaniro ryizewe hagati y’imigwi, ariko ntigitange urutonde rw’abantu ku giti cabo ruhamye bihagije. Ivyavuye ku kibazo c’ukwizigirwa biratugabisha ku gufata amanota yo mu rukino rugufi nk’akaranga kadahinduka k’umuntu. Hedge et al., 2017
Kugira wihweze uko uhagaze, gumana uburyo, ibiringo n’ingene amanota abarwa ku rugero rumwe, kandi ukurikire amakosa hamwe n’inyishu ziboneye. Niwahindura ubwoko bw’ibintu vyerekanwa canke ugakoresha uburyo buhindura ingorane, menya ko wahinduye ico uriko urapima. Insiguro itomoye y’igikorwa irafasha kuruta kuvuga ko inomero imwe yerekana ubushobozi bwose bwo kwibuka. Owen et al., 2005 Redick et al., 2013
Gerageza ikigeragezo c'ubuntu kijanye n'iki kibazo
Ikigeragezo ca N-back
Gerageza ikigeragezo ca n-back kugira wibonere ingene umuntu ahindura amakuru kandi agahuza ibintu biri ku ntera yategekanijwe. Soma amabwirizwa y’ingene amanota abarwa, kandi ugereranye ibigeragezo vyakozwe mu buryo bumwe gusa. Ico uvuyemwo ni amanota y’ico gikorwa, si isuzuma rya IQ canke igipimo c’ubushobozi bwo kwibuka cemewe kuri bose.
Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa
3-back yoba isigura ko nshobora kwibuka ibintu bitatu gusa?
Oya. Iyo nomero yerekana intera yo kugereranya; gukurikirana no guhindura amakuru na vyo bigira uruhara mu kuntu umuntu akora. Owen et al., 2005
N-back imeze kimwe n’ikigeragezo co kwibuka inomero?
Oya. Isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi bwinshi ryerekana ko ibikorwa vyo kwibuka ibintu vyinshi na n-back atari ibipimo bimwe bishobora gusubiranywa vyo kwibuka mu gihe ukora. Redick et al., 2013
Kwiteza imbere vyemeza ko IQ yanje yiyongereye?
Ubushakashatsi bwo kwimenyereza ntibwemeza uwo mwanzuro. Kwiga igikorwa hamwe no kwimurira ubumenyi ku bindi bikorwa vyagutse ni ibintu bibiri bisuzumwa ukwavyo. Soveri et al., 2017 Melby-Lervåg et al., 2016
Amasoko
- Owen et al. (2005). Uburyo bwa N-back bwo gupima kwibuka: Isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi busanzwe bwo gufata amashusho y’ubwonko.
- Redick et al. (2013). Ibipimo vyo kwibuka ibintu vyinshi n’ibya n-back: Isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi bwinshi.
- Cowan (2001). Inomero y’amayobera 4 mu kwibuka kw’igihe gito: Gusubira kurimbura ubushobozi bwo kubika ibintu mu bwenge.
- Baddeley (2012). Kwibuka mu gihe ukora: Inyigisho, uburyo n’ivyiyumviro bivuguruzwa.
- Conway et al. (2005). Ibikorwa vyo gupima ubushobozi bwo kwibuka: Isuzuma ry’uburyo n’amabwirizwa ku babikoresha.
- Soveri et al. (2017). Gusubira kwihweza kwimenyereza kwibuka mu gihe ukora: Isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku kwimenyereza n-back.
- Melby-Lervåg et al. (2016). Kwimenyereza kwibuka ntibiteza imbere amanota y’ubwenge canke ay’ibindi bipimo vyo kwimurira ubumenyi kure.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Ikibazo c’ukwizigirwa: Igituma ibikorwa bikomeye vyo gupima ubwenge biterekana neza itandukaniro hagati y’abantu.
Vuga uru rupapuro: Ikigeragezo ca n-back gipima iki mu vy’ukuri?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/rn/answers/what-does-n-back-measure. CC BY 4.0.
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