Mayeso a kukumbukira zinthu zomwe zaoneka kale: njira

Zimene amayezera

Mmene munthu amachitira pa Mayeso a n-back omwewo: kusintha mosalekeza ndi kufananitsa zinthu zaposachedwa m’kukumbukira zinthu zimene akugwiritsa ntchito panthawiyo. Ndi chida choyeserera chokhala ndi zithunzi zosonyeza kupita patsogolo kwake; si mayeso okumbukira zinthu amene ali ndi miyezo yoyerekezera.

Mmene amachitira

Mndandanda wa zizindikiro: malo (imodzi mwa mabokosi akunja 8 a gulu la mabokosi 3 x 3; pakati sagwiritsidwa ntchito), mawu (zilembo 8 zoyankhulidwa, kapena matoni 8 otchedwa Notes), mtundu ndi mawonekedwe (mitundu 8 pa chilichonse). Njira: imodzi (malo), ziwiri (malo + mawu; iyi ndiyo njira yoyambirira), zitatu (+ mtundu) ndi zinayi (+ mawonekedwe). Chizindikiro chilichonse chimaonetsedwa kwa 500 ms; chotsatira chimabwera pakadutsa nthawi yosankhidwa (nthawi yokhazikika ndi 3,000 ms). Yankho la mndandanda uliwonse wa zizindikiro limawerengedwa pa chizindikiro chapano mpaka chotsatira chikafike. Makiyi: A (malo), L (mawu), S (mtundu), K (mawonekedwe), Space imapumitsa; pa mafoni, mabatani omwe ali pansi pa gulu la mabwalo. Gawo limakhala ndi zizindikiro zokonzekera N (palibe mayankho) kuphatikizapo zizindikiro zowerengedwa (zokhazikika ndi 20). Zotsatizana zimachokera ku pulogalamu yopanga yokhala ndi nambala yoyambira yomwe seva imayendetsanso: pa mndandanda uliwonse wa zizindikiro, ndendende 30% ya zizindikiro zowerengedwa zimafanana (6 pa 20); mndandanda uliwonse wa zizindikiro umakhala wofanana ndi winanso pa 10% ya zizindikiro (2 pa 20); njira za mndandanda itatu ndi inayi zimakhala ndi zizindikiro zomwe mndandanda wonse kapena itatu imafanana; ndipo zinthu zosafanana sizibwereza mwangozi chinthu cha n-back. Phunziro losankha la 1-back limapereka ndemanga. Kapangidwe kosankhidwa poyamba kamasintha zokha (nthawi ndi kutalika kokhazikika); kapangidwe ka pamanja kamalola wosewera kusankha N, nthawi pakati pa zizindikiro, kutalika ndi ndemanga. Gulu losankha la tsiku lililonse limakhala ndi magawo 20 okhala ndi nthawi zopuma. Magawo osamalizidwa amapuma tsamba likachoka ndipo angapitirizidwe.

Miyezo ya makonzedwe

Kuwerengera zotsatira

Pa mndandanda uliwonse wa zizindikiro, pa zizindikiro zowerengedwa: zogwidwa, zophonyedwa, zogwidwa molakwika ndi zokanidwa molondola; kulondola koyezera mbali ziwiri = 50 x (chiŵerengero cha zogwidwa + chiŵerengero cha zokanidwa molondola), monga peresenti. Choncho kusayankha chilichonse (kapena kuyankha pa chilichonse) kumapeza 50%. Zotsatira za gawo ndi avareji ya kulondola koyezera mbali ziwiri pa mndandanda wa zizindikiro zomwe zasankhidwa; zambiri zimasonyeza zotsatira zabwino. Zolakwa pa mndandanda uliwonse = zophonyedwa + zogwidwa molakwika; zimenezi zimakhudza mlingo wosinthira wa gawo lotsatira. Nthawi zoyankhira pa mndandanda uliwonse wa zizindikiro zimafotokozedwa mwachidule (yapakati, avareji, yochepa kwambiri, yaitali kwambiri), koma sizikhudza zotsatira. Palibe kuyerekezera ndi osewera ena; zithunzizo zimayerekezera magawo a wosewerayo omwe ali ndi makonzedwe omwewo.

Malamulo ovomerezera mayeso ochitidwa

Magawo athunthu okha ndi amene amasungidwa (N + zizindikiro zowerengedwa, chizindikiro chimodzi cha yankho pa mndandanda uliwonse wa zizindikiro pa chizindikiro chilichonse, palibe mayankho pa nthawi yokonzekera). Seva imapanganso zotsatizanazo kuchokera ku nambala yoyambira ndipo imakana gawo limene zizindikiro zosungidwa zikusiyana nazo, limene mayankho ovomerezeka akusowa, kapena limene nthawi yomaliza ili m’tsogolo. Kupuma kumaloledwa ndipo kumasungidwa. Zizindikiro za bot zimasungidwa koma sizisintha kuwerengera zotsatira kapena zithunzi. Magawo oyeserera amenewa amasungidwa mosiyana ndi Mayeso a n-back owerengedwa ndipo sakhudza kuyerekezera kwake kapena zotsatira za pulogalamuyi.

Kusiyana ndi ntchito yakale yoyambirira

Gawo lokhazikika limatsatira nthawi ndi lamulo losinthira la Jaeggi ndi anzake (2008): zizindikiro 20 + N, kuonetsa kwa 500 ms, masekondi 3 pa chizindikiro, kukweza ngati mndandanda uliwonse wa zizindikiro uli ndi zolakwa zosakwana 3, ndi kutsitsa ngati uliwonse uli ndi zolakwa zoposa 5. Zosiyana zake: zilembo zoyankhulidwa zopangidwa ndi mawu a pakompyuta (kapena matoni), mndandanda yosankha ya mitundu ndi mawonekedwe, phunziro lalifupi, zowongolera za foni, makonzedwe a pamanja ndi magawo a tsiku ndi tsiku omwe munthu amachita pa liwiro lake. Sikuti kubwereza kafukufuku wa njira yophunzitsira, komanso si ntchito yoyambirira ya mndandanda umodzi ya Kirchner.

Zimene mayesowa sangathe kuyeza

Kupita patsogolo pa ntchito yomwe yaphunzitsidwa kwalembedwa bwino; koma ngati zimathandiza pa maluso ena, kuphatikizapo luntha, sizikudziwika ndipo anthu amatsutsanabe. Tsambali sililonjeza kupita patsogolo kotere. Nthawi ya mawu ndi ya kuonetsa zinthu imadalira chipangizo ndi msakatuli; mbiri imalemba nthawi yomwe tsamba linatumizira chizindikiro chilichonse, osati nthawi yomwe sikirini kapena sipika zinachionetsera kapena kuchitulutsa. Palibe miyezo yoyerekezera, ndipo mayesowa amachitika popanda woyang’anira. Si a ntchito zachipatala kapena kuzindikira matenda.

Zinenero ndi mmene zawunikidwira

Malangizo ali m’zinenero zonse za tsambali. Mndandanda wa mawu umagwiritsa ntchito zilembo kapena masilabo a zilankhulo 28 (Chibengali, Chibulgaria, Chitchaina Chosavuta ndi Chachikhalidwe, Chicheki, Chidatchi, Chingelezi, Chifalansa, Chijeremani, Chigiriki, Chihindi, Chihangare, Chitaliyana, Chijapani, Chikazaki, Chimarathi, Chinepali, Chiperezi, Chipolishi, Chipwitikizi, Chirasha, Chiserbia, Chisipanishi, Chitelugu, Chiyukireniya, Chiurdu, Chialubaniya, Chiameniya), chojambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawu opangidwa ndi kompyuta; zilankhulo zina zimagwiritsa ntchito matoni. Mndandanda wa malo, mtundu ndi mawonekedwe sizidalira chinenero.