Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Mkhalidwe wa chitsanzo | Nthawi yoyankha molondola | Tanthauzo lake |
|---|---|---|
| Mawu ndi inki zikugwirizana | 500 ms | Muyezo woyambira wa chitsanzo |
| Mawu ndi inki sizikugwirizana | 650 ms | Mkhalidwe wa chitsanzo wosagwirizana |
| Kusiyana | 150 ms | Zosagwirizana kuchotsa zogwirizana; si malire ozindikiritsira matenda |
Mayeso oyambirira a Stroop ankafuna kuyankha pakamwa motsatizana, pamene mitundu ya pa intaneti ingafune kukanikiza batani. Nthawi ndi ziwerengero zake sizingafanane mwachindunji. Ndemanga za kafukufuku zimasonyeza kuti mitundu ya ntchitoyi, miyezo yoyambira ndi njira zowerengera zimasiyana kwambiri. Choncho dzina lakuti Stroop lokha silipereka muyezo wa manambala umene umagwira ntchito kwa onse. Stroop, 1935 Scarpina et al., 2017
Kodi mkangano umayamba bwanji?
Kwa munthu amene amawerenga bwino, mawu olembedwa angayambitse yankho losagwirizana ndi malangizo, ngakhale atauzidwa kutchula mtundu wa inki. Ndemanga ya MacLeod imasanthula mafotokozedwe angapo a kusokonezanaku, m’malo moziwerengera ku gawo limodzi la ubongo kapena kulephera kudziletsa chabe. Ntchitoyi imayesa mpikisano umene umabwera chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake. MacLeod, 1991
N’kofunika kusiyanitsa kuwerengera kosagwirizana kuchotsa kogwirizana ndi kosagwirizana kuchotsa kosalowerera ndale. Mawu ogwirizana angathandize munthu kuchita bwino, choncho kusintha muyezo woyambira kumasintha zimene kusiyanako kumaphatikiza. Ndemanga ya zachipatala ikufotokoza kuti pomasulira zotsatira za mayeso, njira yoyesera ndi kuwerengera zomwe zasankhidwa ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Scarpina et al., 2017
Chifukwa chimene kusiyana kochepa sikutanthauza kuti maganizo ndi abwino kwambiri
Chiwerengero cha kusiyana chimadalira mikhalidwe yonse iwiri yoyesedwa komanso zolakwika za muyeso wake. Kafukufuku wokhudza kudalirika akusonyeza kuti zotsatira zapakati zolimba zingakhalepo limodzi ndi kusiyana kosadalirika pakati pa anthu. Kusiyana kochepa modabwitsa pa mayeso afupiafupi kungabwere chifukwa cha kusinthasintha, kusintha kwa kulondola kapena kusiyana kwa muyezo woyambira, osati chifukwa cha luso lapadera lodzilamulira. Hedge et al., 2017
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
N’chiyani chimasintha kukula kwa zotsatira?
Mayankho amene munthu angasankhe komanso mmene amasankhira zimakhudzanso ntchito yoyankhira. Kafukufuku wakale wa kusankha yankho umasonyeza kuti kusankha pakati pa njira zingapo kumatenga nthawi yakeyake. Choncho masewera a Stroop ogwiritsa ntchito mbewa ya kompyuta amasiyana ndi mayeso apakamwa a papepala m’njira zoposa maonekedwe awo okha. Hick, 1952 Scarpina et al., 2017
Nthawi yoyezera ya msakatuli ndi zida zimakhudzanso nthawi yeniyeni yoyankhira. Ngakhale kuyerekezera mikhalidwe pa dongosolo lomwelo kungachotse zina mwa zolakwika zofanana, zimenezi sizikutsimikizira kuti zolakwika zonse za nthawi zimachotsedwa kapena kuti chiwerengero cha kusiyana ndi chodalirika. Kuti titsimikize zimenezi pamafunika kafukufuku wa nthawi yoyesera ndi wa kuyeza maganizo. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Hedge et al., 2017
Kusagona mokwanira kungakhudze chidwi, koma kusanthula kafukufuku wambiri wa kusowa tulo kumapeza zotsatira zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi ntchito ndi gawo loyezedwa. Sikutsimikizira kuchuluka kumodzi kosasintha kumene kusiyana kwanu pa Stroop kuyenera kuwonjezeka mukagona moipa usiku. Pewani kutanthauzira kusinthasintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ngati chigamulo chokhudza thanzi lanu. Lim et al., 2010
Nanga zilankhulo ziwiri ndi kuyeseza?
Kusanthula kafukufuku wambiri wokhudza anthu akuluakulu olankhula zilankhulo ziwiri kunapeza kuti ubwino wochepa woyambirira pa ntchito za maganizo oyang’anira sunatsalepo atakonza zotsatira zokondera kufalitsidwa. Choncho zotsatira za munthu pa Stroop sizingatsimikizire kuti ali ndi ubwino kapena vuto chifukwa cholankhula zilankhulo ziwiri. Kudziwa bwino chinenero ndi mbali ya kumvetsa ntchito yeniyeni ya mawu, osati chifukwa chomupatsa munthu chizindikiro cha luso la maganizo lonse. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Poyerekezera zotsatira za munthu payekha, sungani chinenero, njira yoyankhira ndi malamulo owerengera zomwe zasankhidwa kukhala zofanana, ndipo ganizirani kulondola limodzi ndi liwiro. Musaganize kuti kusiyana kochepa ndi kusintha kwabwino ngati kwabwera chifukwa choyankha pang’onopang’ono pa muyezo woyambira kapena kulakwitsa kwambiri. Izi ndi machenjezo okhudza kuyeza ochokera ku ndemanga za kafukufuku, osati malangizo ophunzitsira amene atsimikiziridwa. Scarpina et al., 2017 Hedge et al., 2017
Zotsatira zenizeni za kusewera ndi kuzolowera ntchito imeneyi ya mkangano. Kuvuta kwake kapena kupeza zigoli zambiri sikutsimikizira nzeru, matenda kapena phindu lonse la maphunziro. MacLeod, 1991 Scarpina et al., 2017
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a Stroop
Yesani mayeso a Stroop, tsatirani malangizo okhudza mtundu wa inki ndipo yang’anani kulondola limodzi ndi nthawi. Mayesowa amagwiritsa ntchito njira yakeyake yoyankhira mwa kukanikiza batani. Chitsanzo cha 150 ms chikufotokoza kuchotsa; si zigoli zimene muyenera kupeza.
Mafunso ofala
N’chifukwa chiyani ndimawerenga mawu popanda kuganiza?
Mawu olembedwa angapikisane ndi yankho la mtundu umene mwafunsidwa kwa anthu amene amawerenga bwino. Ndemangayi ikufotokoza njira zingapo zimene zimayambitsa kusokonezanaku. MacLeod, 1991
Kodi cholinga ndi kusakhala ndi kusokonezana kulikonse?
Kusiyana koyandikira ziro pa mayeso afupiafupi sikutanthauza kuti munthu ali ndi khalidwe labwino kwambiri. Muyezo woyambira, kulondola ndi kudalirika n’zofunika. Hedge et al., 2017
Kodi ndingayerekezere mayeso oyankhira pakamwa ndi oyankhira mwa kukanikiza batani?
Zofunikira poyankha ndi njira zowerengera zimasiyana. Gwiritsani ntchito miyezo yokhazikitsidwa pokhapokha ngati ikugwirizana ndi mtundu wa mayeso amene munachita. Scarpina et al., 2017
Magwero
- MacLeod (1991). Theka la zaka zana la kafukufuku wokhudza zotsatira za Stroop: Ndemanga yophatikiza kafukufuku..
- Scarpina et al. (2017). Mayeso a Mitundu ndi Mawu a Stroop.
- Stroop (1935). Kafukufuku wa kusokonezana pa mayankho apakamwa otsatizana..
- Hedge et al. (2017). Chodabwitsa pa kudalirika: Chifukwa chimene ntchito zolimba zoyesa kuzindikira maganizo sizipereka kusiyana kodalirika pakati pa anthu.
- Hick (1952). Za kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezeka kwa chidziwitso.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Kulondola ndi kuyerekezera kolondola kwenikweni kwa nsanja zoyesera pa intaneti, asakatuli ndi zida.
- Lim et al. (2010). Kusanthula kafukufuku wambiri wokhudza mmene kusagona kwakanthawi kochepa kumakhudzira zinthu zoyezera kuzindikira maganizo..
- Lehtonen et al. (2018). Kodi kulankhula zilankhulo ziwiri kumagwirizana ndi luso lapamwamba la maganizo oyang’anira kwa anthu akuluakulu? Ndemanga yophatikiza kafukufuku wambiri..