Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Chiwerengero | Tanthauzo lake mwachindunji | Umboni wina wofunika |
|---|---|---|
| Mayankho olondola | Kupambana pa mafunso amene aperekedwa | Kuvuta kwa funso lililonse ndi malamulo a mayeso |
| Nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito | Liwiro potsatira malangizowo | Kulondola, malire a nthawi ndi khalidwe la muyeso |
| Peresenti | Malo poyerekezera ndi gulu lina la anthu | Miyezo yoyenera ya anthu oimira bwino |
| Chiwerengero cha sikelo ya IQ | Tanthauzo loyezedwa mofanana | Njira yosinthira yotsimikiziridwa ndi miyezo ya zaka |
Carpenter, Just ndi Shell anafufuza njira zomwe anthu amagwiritsa ntchito pa mayeso a magulu a zithunzi a Raven, pogwiritsa ntchito mmene anachitira, malipoti awo a pakamwa ndi kayendedwe ka maso. Kufotokoza kwawo kumatsindika kupeza zinthu zobwerezabwereza ndi kugwirizanitsa maubwenzi. Ichi ndi chiphunzitso chofotokoza banja la mayeso lomwe lakhazikitsidwa kale, osati chitsimikizo cha mayeso onse a zithunzi zofanana nawo. Carpenter et al., 1990
N’chifukwa chiyani mayeso a magulu a zithunzi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa osagwiritsa ntchito mawu?
Zithunzi zomwe zili m’mafunso zingachepetse kufunika kodziwa mawu enaake, koma zimenezi sizitanthauza kuti mayeso sasokonezedwa ndi malangizo, maphunziro, zimene munthu anakumana nazo kapena chikhalidwe chake. Ndemanga ya Raven imasonyeza kuti miyezo ya anthu imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo ndi nthawi. Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi m'malo mwa mawu, ndiponso kunena kuti mayeso ndi opanda chikhalidwe, ndi zonena ziwiri zosiyana. Raven, 2000
Ndemanga ya nzeru zonse imanenanso kuti ziwerengero za mayeso ndi miyezo yokhala ndi mphamvu ndi malire ake, osati kufotokoza munthu mokwanira. Ntchito zosiyanasiyana za kuzindikira zingafune kugwiritsa ntchito mosiyanasiyana kulingalira, kukumbukira ndi zinthu zina. Neisser et al., 1996 Hampshire et al., 2012
Kodi kulingalira pogwiritsa ntchito magulu a zithunzi n’chimodzimodzi ndi IQ yonse?
Ayi, sizingafanane zokha. Kuyeza munthu mozama kungaphatikize mitundu ingapo ya ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero chophatikiza chofotokozedwa m’buku la malangizo. Buku la wopanga mayeso likusonyeza kuti ziwerengero zoyezedwa mofanana ndi magawo a chikhulupiriro zimadalira dongosolo linalake loyezera. Mchitidwe wa manambala wokha sungakhazikitse dongosolo loterolo la masewera atsopano. Pearson, 2020
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
N’chiyani chimasintha zotsatira?
Kusankha mafunso, kuvuta kwake, malire a nthawi ndi kukhala mutayakumanapo kale, zonsezi zimakhudza zimene zikuyesedwa. Kafukufuku wa kubwereza mayeso apeza kuti anthu amachita bwino kwambiri akabwereza mayeso a luso la kuzindikira. Choncho, kuzolowera mafunso a magulu a zithunzi kungathandize munthu kuchita bwino popanda kutsimikizira kuti adzachitanso chimodzimodzi pa ntchito zosazolowereka kapena kuti luso lake lonse lawonjezeka. Scharfen et al., 2018
Miyezo ya zaka nayonso ndi yofunika. IQ yodziwika bwino imayikidwa pakati pa 100 pa gulu lililonse la zaka; chiwerengero chofanana cha mayankho olondola sichitanthauza kuti munthu apeza chiwerengero chofanana chowerengera zaka. Chiwerengero cha mwana kapena cha munthu wamkulu sichingapatsidwe malo ake pa peresenti popanda njira yoyenera yofananitsira. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Kodi kuyeza kwabwino kumafuna chiyani?
Malangizo apadziko lonse okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mayeso amafuna umboni wotsimikizira tanthauzo lomwe likufuna, kuyendetsa mayeso moyenera ndiponso kudziwa malire ake. Kafukufuku wokhudza kudalirika kwa mayeso akusonyeza chifukwa chake ntchito yodziwika bwino ya kuzindikira ingaperekebe miyeso yosatsimikizika bwino ya munthu payekha. Tchati chokongola sichilowa m’malo mwa makhalidwe amenewa. International Test Commission, 2001 Hedge et al., 2017
Izi n’zofunika kwambiri pamene ntchito yaifupi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pomupatsa munthu dzina kapena kumuyika m’gulu. Mafunso ochepa amayesa mbali zochepa chabe, ndipo chiwerengero chimodzi chokha sichingafotokoze ngati cholakwa chinachitika chifukwa chosamvetsa lamulo, kuchita mwachangu, kusokonezedwa kapena chifukwa china. Kafukufuku wa njira zothetsera mavuto akusonyeza kuti ndi bwino kuyang’ana zimene ntchito yothetsera vutolo imafuna kusiyana ndi kufotokoza zonse ndi dzina limodzi. Carpenter et al., 1990
Kodi n’zoona kuti munthu angaphunzire chiyani?
Kugwira ntchito pa mavuto a mawonekedwe kungathandize munthu kuzolowera mtundu wa ntchito imeneyi. Umboni wa kubwereza mayeso umalola kunena kuti kusintha kumeneku ndi kusintha kwa momwe munthu amachitira pa muyeso; zonena zazikulu zimafuna kafukufuku wowona ngati luso limasamukira ku ntchito zina. Palibe gwero pano limene likutsimikizira kuti masewera a Helibrain amapangitsa munthu kukhala wanzeru kwambiri kapena amazindikira vuto la kuchepa kwa luso la kuzindikira. Scharfen et al., 2018 International Test Commission, 2001
Kuti mudziyang’anire nokha, gwiritsani ntchito mtundu womwewo ndi malamulo a nthawi omwewo, lembani ngati munayakumanapo kale ndi mafunso amenewa, ndipo fotokozani zotsatira ngati chiwerengero cha mafunso omwe anayesedwa. Zimenezi zimapereka chidziwitso chochuluka kuposa kuona peresenti ya mayankho olondola ngati malo a nzeru a munthu aliyense. Raven, 2000 International Test Commission, 2001
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a kulingalira pogwiritsa ntchito magulu a zithunzi
Yesani mayeso a kulingalira pogwiritsa ntchito magulu a zithunzi kuti muone mmene mumapezera malamulo m’mawonekedwe. Werengani malangizo a nthawi ndi owerengera zotsatira. Chiwerengero chake ndi zotsatira za ntchito ya pa intaneti; kufanana kwake ndi mayeso a magulu a zithunzi okhazikitsidwa kale sikutanthauza kuti chikugwiritsa ntchito miyezo yawo kapena kuti chatsimikiziridwa pa matenda.
Mafunso ofala
Kodi kulingalira pogwiritsa ntchito magulu a zithunzi kulibe chikhalidwe?
Kugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi m'malo mwa mawu sikuchotsa zotsatira za malo ndi nthawi. Miyezo yosindikizidwa ya magulu a zithunzi imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo ndi nthawi. Raven, 2000
Kodi ndingasinthe peresenti ya mayankho olondola kukhala IQ?
Njira yosinthira yotsimikiziridwa ndi miyezo yoyenera ya zaka zokha ndiyo ingalole kutanthauzira kotero. Mchitidwe wodziwika wa sikelo ya IQ si njira yotere yosinthira. International Test Commission, 2001 Neisser et al., 1996
Kodi kuyeserera kumakhudza ziwerengero za mayeso a magulu a zithunzi?
Anthu amachita bwino kwambiri akabwereza mayeso a luso la kuzindikira, choncho m'pofunika kuganizira ngati munthu anakumanapo kale ndi mayesowo potanthauzira zotsatira zobwerezedwa. Scharfen et al., 2018
Magwero
- Neisser et al. (1996). Nzeru: Zomwe zimadziwika ndi zomwe sizikudziwika..
- Pearson (2020). Lipoti lotanthauzira WISC-V: Za ziwerengero.
- International Test Commission (2001). Malangizo apadziko lonse ogwiritsira ntchito mayeso.
- Raven (2000). Magulu a zithunzi otsatizana a Raven: Kusintha ndi kukhazikika pa zikhalidwe ndi nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
- Carpenter et al. (1990). Zimene mayeso amodzi a nzeru amayesa: Kufotokoza kwa chiphunzitso cha njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Mayeso a Magulu a Zithunzi Otsatizana a Raven..
- Hampshire et al. (2012). Kugawa nzeru za munthu m’zigawo zosiyanasiyana.
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Zotsatira za kubwereza mayeso a luso la kuzindikira: Kusanthula kafukufuku wambiri.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Chododometsa cha kudalirika: Chifukwa chake ntchito zolimba za kuzindikira sizipereka kusiyana kodalirika pakati pa anthu.