Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Mfundo | Tanthauzo lochokera pa umboni |
|---|---|
| Mawu a m’maganizo amachepetsa liwiro la aliyense kuti lifanane ndi kuwerenga mokweza | Kuwerenga mwakachetechete ndi mokweza kumachitika pa liwiro losiyana; kufanana kosavuta kumeneku sikunatsimikizidwe |
| Kuchotsa mawu a m’maganizo kumatsimikizira kumvetsa mofulumira | Palibe umboni wotsimikizira zimenezi kwa anthu onse |
| Kubwereranso m’mawu ndi kungotaya nthawi nthawi zonse | Umboni wa kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuwerenganso kungathandize kumvetsa |
| WPM yapamwamba yosonyezedwa nthawi zonse imatanthauza kuwerenga bwino | Kumvetsa kuyeneranso kuyesedwa |
Mawu akuti kuyankhula m’maganizo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana. Angatanthauze kumva mawu mumtima, zochitika zobisika zogwirizana ndi kulankhula, kapena kukonza chinenero pogwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe a mawu. Izi si miyeso yofanana. Kafukufuku wokhudza kuwerenga mofulumira akufotokoza kachitidwe ka mawu m’chinenero ndipo akuchenjeza kuti kupewa kumva mawu mumtima sikutanthauza kuti zofunika pakukonza chinenero powerenga zachotsedwa. Rayner et al., 2016
Chifukwa chake kusuntha maso mofulumira sikokwanira
Maso amatenga mfundo zooneka mwa kuyang’ana malo enaake ndi kusuntha mwachangu kuchoka pa malo ena kupita kwina, koma kumvetsa kumafuna kuzindikira mawu ndi kugwirizanitsa matanthauzo ake. Kafukufuku wokhudza kusuntha kwa maso wasonyeza kuti kutenga mfundo zooneka ndi kukonza chinenero zimayenderana. Kusuntha cholozera mofulumira kapena kuletsa maso kubwereranso sikutsimikizira kuti mfundo zomwezi zamveka. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Schotter ndi anzake anayesa njira imene inkalepheretsa kuwerenganso mawu amene munthu anali atawerenga kale m’njira yothandiza. Kumvetsa kunachepa. Zotsatirazi sizikutsimikizira kuti kubwereranso kulikonse n’kofunika; koma zimatsutsa kuona kusuntha kulikonse mobwerera ngati cholakwika choyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi zonse. Schotter et al., 2014
Chifukwa chake ndime zina zimamveka ngati mukuziwerenga mofulumira kwambiri
Kuzolowera mawu ndi luso la chinenero zimasintha zimene zimafunika pokonza zimene mukuwerenga. Kafukufuku wokhudza kuchuluka kwa mawu a chinenero chachiwiri komanso kafukufuku wa mawu amene munthu amadziwa akufotokoza chifukwa chake mawu osazolowereka kapena chinenero chimene simuchigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zingakuchedwetseni. Zimenezi sizikusiyanitsa mawu a m’maganizo ngati chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti mungazindikire kwambiri mawu amenewa powerenga ndime yovuta. Whitford et al., 2012 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
Nanga bwanji kuwerenga mwachidule?
Kuwerenga mwachidule kungathandize ngati cholinga chanu ndi kupeza mutu winawake kapena kumvetsa mwachidule zimene zalembedwa. Njira imeneyi imayang’ana mfundo zochepa, ndipo iyenera kuyesedwa potengera cholinga chimenecho. Kafukufuku wokhudza kuwerenga mofulumira amasiyanitsa zimenezi ndi kumvetsa bwino mawu onse pa liwiro lalikulu kwambiri. Kuwerenga mwachidule mofulumira sikutsimikizira kuti mwamvetsa tsatanetsatane mofanana ndi kale. Rayner et al., 2016
Ziwerengero za akuluakulu zimenezi zilinso ndi malire. Zimatengera mwachidule ntchito za Chingelezi, ndipo ambiri mwa amene anachita nawo anali ophunzira kwambiri; si miyezo ya msinkhu uliwonse m’zinenero zonse. Ana, akuluakulu okalamba komanso owerenga chinenero chachiwiri sayenera kuweruzidwa potengera avareji imodzi kapena mmene mawu awo a m’maganizo alili achete. Brysbaert, 2019
Kodi pali njira yothandizidwa ndi umboni m'malo moyesera kupondereza?
Werengani nkhani zoyenera cholinga chanu, fufuzani ngati mwamvetsa, ndipo dziwani bwino chinenero ndi nkhaniyo. Kafukufuku wokhudza kuwerenga akusonyeza kuti luso lochokera pa zimene mwaphunzira ndi luso la chinenero ndi zofunika, koma satsimikizira nthawi yochitira zimenezi imene ingagwire ntchito kwa aliyense kapena kuwonjezeka kwa liwiro kotsimikizika. Kafukufuku wa kuchuluka kwa mawu amene munthu ayenera kudziwa nayenso akukhudza kuchuluka kwa mawu a m’nkhani inayake amene akuwadziwa, osati njira yachidule yowonjezera liwiro nthawi yomweyo. Rayner et al., 2016 Nation, 2006
Kuti muyerekezere mmene inu mukuwerengera, gwiritsani ntchito ndime zimene simunazizolowere ndipo yerekezerani kumvetsa komanso nthawi. Ngati njira inayake ikukweza WPM koma ikuchepetsa luso lanu lofotokoza zimene mwawerenga, nenani kuti pali phindu lina limene mwapeza koma mwataya lina. Kungochepa kwa mawu amene mukuwamva m’maganizo pakokha si umboni wakuti mukuwerenga bwino. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
Cholinga chenicheni ndi kumvetsa bwino nkhani yoyenera pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi moyenera. Palibe gwero lililonse lotchulidwa limene likusonyeza kuti kupondereza kuyankhula m’maganizo pamene mukuyesa pa msakatuli kumawonjezera luntha la munthu aliyense kapena kuchotsa kwamuyaya malire a chinenero amene amafunika powerenga. Rayner et al., 2016 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a liwiro lowerenga
Yesani mayeso a liwiro lowerenga popanda kudzikakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yolepheretsa kuyankhula m’maganizo. Lembani mmene mwamvera pamodzi ndi liwiro lanu. Mukayesa njira ina yowerengera, lingalirani zotsatira zake ngati kuyerekezera kwa ndime imeneyo, osati muyeso wotsimikizika wa mawu a m’maganizo.
Mafunso ofala
Kodi kumva mawu m’maganizo ndi chizindikiro chakuti munthu sawerenga bwino?
Kafukufukuyu sagwirizana ndi mfundo imeneyi kwa anthu onse. Kukonza chinenero kogwirizana ndi mawu ndi kulankhula mokweza mawu aliwonse ndi zinthu zosiyana. Rayner et al., 2016
Kodi ndiyenera kupewa kuyang’ananso m’mbuyo?
Osati ngati lamulo la aliyense. Kafukufuku woyesera mosamala anapeza kuti kutha kuwerenganso kumathandiza kumvetsa. Schotter et al., 2014
Kodi ndingayese kuwerenga mwachidule padera?
Inde, koma yesani ngati kuyang’ana mfundo zosankhidwa kuti mumvetse mwachidule kapena kufufuza chinachake, osati ngati umboni wakuti mwamvetsa tsatanetsatane wonse pa liwiro losonyezedwa. Rayner et al., 2016
Magwero
- Brysbaert (2019). Kodi timawerenga mawu angati pa mphindi? Kuwunika ndi kusanthula pamodzi kwa liwiro lowerenga.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Zambiri zoti tiwerenge, nthawi yochepa kwambiri.
- Rayner (1998). Kusuntha kwa maso powerenga ndi kukonza mfundo: kafukufuku wa zaka 20..
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Kusuntha kwa maso powerenga ndi kukonza mfundo: cholowa cha zaka 40 cha Keith Rayner.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Zimene munthu wakumana nazo ndi chinenero chachiwiri zimasintha mmene kuchuluka kwa mawu a chinenero choyamba ndi chachiwiri kumakhudzira kuwerenga: umboni wochokera pa kayendedwe ka maso powerenga ndime zachilengedwe.
- Nation (2006). Kodi munthu ayenera kudziwa mawu angati kuti aziwerenga ndi kumvetsera?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Musakhulupirire zimene mwawerenga (kamodzi kokha).
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Kodi timadziwa mawu angati? Ziwerengero zothandiza za kukula kwa mawu amene munthu amadziwa, malinga ndi tanthauzo la mawu, kuchuluka kwa chinenero chimene munthu amamva ndi msinkhu wake.