Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Mtundu wa ntchito | Zimene imafuna | Zimene yankho lolondola limasonyeza |
|---|---|---|
| Kuzindikira | Kuzindikira kapena kuzindikira tanthauzo la mawu | Kumvetsa mawu monga momwe funsolo laperekedwera |
| Kukumbukira mothandizidwa kapena kupanga | Kukumbukira maonekedwe kapena tanthauzo kuchokera pa chisonyezo | Kukumbukira mwamphamvu kwambiri pa ntchito imeneyo |
| Kulankhula mwachibadwa | Kusankha ndi kunena mawu oyenera m’nkhani inayake | Luso logwiritsa ntchito mawu pamodzi ndi maluso ena |
Kafukufuku wa Webb anagwiritsa ntchito mayeso ofanana omasulira mawu kuti ayese kumvetsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mawu, ndipo anayesa mayankho potengera magawo osiyanasiyana a kudziwa. Zotsatira zake sizikutanthauza kuti pali chiŵerengero chokhazikika cha mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osagwiritsidwa ntchito. Makamaka, kusiyana kwa kuwerengera kudziwa pang’ono ndi kudziwa bwino kumasonyeza kuti mmene timafotokozera kudziwa mawu zimasintha kusiyana kooneka. Webb, 2008
Chifukwa chimene kuzindikira kungamveke kosavuta
Funso kapena chisonyezo chingapereke zambiri zimene sizingakhalepo pa ntchito yokumbukira popanda kuthandizidwa. Laufer ndi Goldstein amasiyanitsa kudziwa mawu potengera mphamvu ya chidziwitso ndi mtundu wa mayeso, kuphatikizapo kuzindikira ndi kukumbukira. Njira imeneyi imathandiza kufotokoza chifukwa chake kusankha tanthauzo lodziwika sikufanana ndi kutulutsa mawu mwamsanga pokambirana. Laufer et al., 2004
Kukula kwa mawu odziwika kumadaliranso zimene zimawerengedwa ngati mawu amodzi. Nkhani yofotokoza kukula kwakukulu kwa mawu a Chingelezi imasiyanitsa mitundu ya mawu olembedwa, mawu oyambira ndi magulu a mawu ochokera ku muzu umodzi. Kudziwa mitundu ingapo ya mawu osinthidwa sikutanthauza kuti mumadziwa chiwerengero chomwecho cha mawu odziyimira pawokha. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nagy et al., 1984
Kodi kudziwa mawu ambiri kumathandiza kuwerenga?
Kungathandize kuti mumvetse mbali zambiri za nkhani, koma kuchuluka kwa mawu amene mumawadziwa m’nkhani sikuyesa kumvetsa konse. Nation akufotokoza kuchuluka kwa magulu a mawu ofunika kuti mumvetse zinthu zolembedwa ndi zolankhulidwa, pamene Schmitt ndi anzake apeza kuti pali mgwirizano wopitirirabe pakati pa mawu odziwika m’nkhani ndi kumvetsa kwake. Kuchuluka kwa mawu odziwika sikutanthauza kuti mwadzidzidzi mumvetsetsa zonse. Nation, 2006 SCHMITT et al., 2011
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
Chifukwa chake ziyenera kufotokozedwa mosamala za kumva mawu ndi kuyeserera
Kafukufuku wa Webb wokhudza kubwereza mawu amayesa mmene kukumana mobwerezabwereza ndi mawu kumakhudzira mbali zosiyanasiyana za kudziwa mawu. Zotsatira zake zimathandiza kusiyanitsa kuphunzira pang’ono ndi kudziwa bwino; sizikutsimikizira kuti kubwereza mawu kangati n’kokwanira kuti mawu aliwonse athe kugwiritsidwa ntchito polankhula mwachibadwa. Kuvuta kwa mawu, nkhani imene agwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ntchito yophunzirira zimakhudzabe. Webb, 2007
Kafukufuku wa kukula kwa mawu akusonyeza kulumikizana ndi zaka ndi maphunziro, ndipo akufotokoza kuti zimene munthu wakhala akumva ndi kuona kwa nthawi yaitali zingathandize kufotokoza zimenezi. Zotsatira zimenezi zochokera pa kuyang’ana anthu siziyenera kufotokozedwa ngati liwiro la munthu limodzi lophunzirira mawu tsiku lililonse kapena lonjezo lakuti kuwerenga kwina kwake kudzawonjezera mawu ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiwerengero chokhazikika. Brysbaert et al., 2016
Nanga zaka, kugonana ndi chilankhulo?
Kusiyana kwa kuzindikira ndi kupanga mawu kumakhudza mmene ntchito yoyesera imapangidwira, koma maphunziro a ophunzira amene atchulidwa sapereka chiŵerengero chimodzi chogwirizana ndi zaka kapena kugonana kwa aliyense. Chilankhulo choyamba cha munthu, luso lake la chinenero ndi mawu enieni amene ayesedwa zimasintha mmene zotsatira ziyenera kumasuliridwa. Ziwerengero za Chingelezi siziyenera kutengedwa n’kugwiritsidwa ntchito chimodzimodzi pa zilankhulo zina zimene zimapanga mawu m’njira zosiyana komanso zimawerengera mawu mosiyana. Webb, 2008 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Liwiro lowerenga limasiyananso malinga ndi mmene munthu amadziwira chinenerocho komanso cholinga chake. Kuwerenga pang’onopang’ono kapena kulankhula monyinyirika sikungafotokozedwe mokwanira ndi chiwerengero chimodzi cha mawu odziwika. Kumvetsa ndi kupanga mawu kumafuna ntchito zina za m’maganizo. Brysbaert, 2019 SCHMITT et al., 2011
Kodi mungayeze chiyani m’njira yomveka?
Gwiritsani ntchito ntchito yoyezera yogwirizana ndi funso lanu. Mayeso ozindikira mawu angasonyeze mmene mukuzindikirira mawu mothandizidwa ndi mafunso ake; kuti muyese kukumbukira ndi kutulutsa mawu, pakufunika ntchito yopanga mawu m’nkhani yoyesedwayo. Poyerekezera mayeso awiriwa, zinthu zoyesedwa ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndipo malamulo owerengera mayankho afotokozedwe momveka. Laufer et al., 2004 Webb, 2008
Kuyesera kukumbukira mawu kungathandize ngati cholinga chanu ndi kukumbukira mawu, koma maphunzirowa sapereka pulogalamu yotsimikizika yoti muzilankhula mosadodoma. Chotsatira choyenera ndi kusintha kwa mbali inayake ya kudziwa mawu, osati kunena kuti chiwerengero chimodzi cha mawu amene mumazindikira chikuimira zonse zimene mungathe kunena, kumvetsa kapena kukumbukira. Webb, 2007 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a kudziwa mawu
Yesani mayeso a kudziwa mawu ngati ntchito yozindikira mawu, ndipo werengani mmene mawu amawerengedwera komanso mmene mayankho amalembedwera. Mayesowa sayeza mawu onse amene mungagwiritse ntchito polankhula, ndipo samaneneratu chiŵerengero chokhazikika cha mawu ozindikirika ndi amene mungathe kupanga.
Mafunso ofala
Kodi mawu odziwika koma osagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse amakhala owirikiza kawiri kuposa amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito?
Palibe chiŵerengero chimodzi chogwirizana ndi aliyense chimene chatsimikiziridwa. Kusiyana kooneka kumasintha malinga ndi mawu, mtundu wa ntchito yoyezera ndi mlingo wa kudziwa mawu umene ukufunika. Webb, 2008
Kodi kuzindikira mawu kumatanthauza kuti ndimawadziwa bwino?
Zimasonyeza kudziwa kumene funsolo likufuna. Kukumbukira, kumvetsa mozama tanthauzo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mawu m’nkhani inayake zingafune chidziwitso china. Laufer et al., 2004
Kodi chiwerengero cha mawu amene ndikudziwa chingalosere mmene ndimvetsetsera zimene ndawerenga?
Chingathandize kumvetsa nkhaniyo, koma kuchuluka kwa mawu odziwika m’nkhani ndi kumvetsa kwake n’zoyezera zogwirizana, koma zosiyana. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Magwero
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Ndi mawu angati amene timadziwa? Ziwerengero zothandiza za kukula kwa mawu kutengera tanthauzo la mawu, kuchuluka kwa zomwe munthu amamva m’chinenerocho, ndi zaka za amene akutenga nawo mbali.
- Nation (2006). Kodi pakufunika mawu ochuluka bwanji powerenga ndi kumvetsera?.
- Laufer et al. (2004). Kuyesa kudziwa mawu: kuchuluka kwake, kulimba kwa chidziwitso, ndi mmene mayeso amasinthira pakompyuta.
- Webb (2008). Kuchuluka kwa mawu amene ophunzira a L2 amamvetsetsa ndi amene amatha kugwiritsa ntchito.
- Webb (2007). Zotsatira za kubwereza pa kudziwa mawu.
- Nagy et al. (1984). Mawu angati ali m’Chingelezi chosindikizidwa cha kusukulu?.
- Brysbaert (2019). Kodi timawerenga mawu angati pamphindi? Kupenda ndi kusanthula pamodzi kwa liwiro lowerenga.
- SCHMITT et al. (2011). Chiwerengero cha mawu amene amadziwika m’lemba ndi kumvetsa zimene munthu amawerenga.