Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Umboni wofotokozedwa m'ndemangayi | Zotsatira | Malire a zimenezi |
|---|---|---|
| Ophunzira a Hirai a Chingelezi, gulu lomvetsa bwino kwambiri | 139 WPM | Anayankha molondola mafunso oposa 75% |
| Kafukufuku yemweyo, gulu lina | 61 WPM | Kumvetsa nkhani kunali kosiyana |
| Kafukufuku wa mabuku a anthu olankhula Chidatchi ndi Chingelezi | Kuchedwa ndi 17% m'chinenero cha 2 | Gulu la anthu ndi ntchito inayake yokha |
Zotsatirazi zafotokozedwa m'gawo la ndemangayi lonena za owerenga omwe akuwerenga m'chinenero chosakhala chawo choyamba. Ndemangayi imanena momveka bwino kuti ziwerengero za kafukufuku wa mabuku sizilola kuwerengera liwiro lenileni lofanana la WPM. Kusunga malire amenewa n'kofunika: 17% sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiŵerengero chosinthira cha wophunzira aliyense wa chinenero. Brysbaert, 2019
Chifukwa chake kudziwa bwino chinenero n'kofunika kuposa kungochitcha L2
Zochitika za kugwiritsa ntchito chinenero cha 2 zimasintha mmene munthu amamvetsetsera mawu, kuphatikizapo kuzindikira mmene mawu amagwiritsidwira ntchito kawirikawiri. Kafukufuku wa Whitford ndi Titone amafufuza zotsatirazi poyang'ana kayendedwe ka maso pamene munthu akuwerenga ndime. Choncho, anthu awiri omwe ali ndi chinenero choyamba ndi cha 2 zofanana angafunike mphamvu zosiyana pokonza mawu chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa nthawi yomwe akhala akugwiritsa ntchito chinenerocho ndi luso lawo. Whitford et al., 2012
Kudziwa mawu ndi mbali ya nkhaniyi. Kafukufuku wa mawu omwe munthu amadziwa m'ndime amafufuza kuchuluka kwa mawu a m'ndime inayake amene wowerenga amawadziwa, pamene kuyerekezera kukula kwa mawu omwe munthu amadziwa kumadalira ngati akuwerenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawu, mawu oyambira kapena magulu a mawu. Kungowerenga kuchuluka kwa mawu kokha sikungathe kuneneratu ngati munthu adzawerenga bwino lemba lililonse. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Chifukwa chake WPM siyingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyerekezera zilankhulo mwachindunji
Zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsa ntchito mawu olembedwa ochuluka mosiyanasiyana pofotokoza mfundo zofanana. Utali wa mawu, kapangidwe ka mawu ndi kalembedwe ka chinenero zimakhudza chinthu chomwe chikuwerengedwa. Choncho, ndemanga za liwiro lowerenga ndi kayendedwe ka maso sizichirikiza kunena kuti WPM yochepa m'chinenero china ikutanthauza nzeru zochepa kapena kuganiza pang'onopang'ono nthawi zonse. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
Kuvuta kwa lemba ndi malangizo a ntchito zimasintha zotsatira
Kuwerengera zosangalatsa, kuphunzira ndi kufufuza mfundo inayake ndi ntchito zosiyana. Kafukufuku wa kayendedwe ka maso akusonyeza mmene kuvuta kwa mawu ndi kufunika komvetsa nkhani zimakhudzira mmene maso amaonera mawu. Nkhani yodziwika bwino ndi nkhani yaukadaulo yosadziwika siziyenera kuonedwa ngati mayeso ofanana oyezera liwiro limodzi lokhazikika lowerenga. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Kubwereranso m'mbuyo m'lemba kungathandize wowerenga kuthetsa kusamvetsetsa. Umboni woyesera wosonyeza kuti kuletsa kuwerenganso kumavulaza kumvetsa nkhani umatichenjeza kuti tisamaone kaye kaye kapena kubwereranso kulikonse m'chinenero cha 2 ngati kusachita bwino koyenera kuthetsedwa. Nthawi ina yowonjezerayo ingathandize kumvetsa. Schotter et al., 2014
Kodi kuchita nawo mobwerezabwereza kungachepetse kusiyana kumeneku?
Ndemangazi zimatsindika kufunika kwa chidziŵitso cha chinenero ndi kuzindikira mawu moyenera, koma sizikhazikitsa chiwerengero chimodzi cha maola amene aliyense afunika kuti aziwerenga mofanana ndi m'chinenero chake choyamba. Komanso, zitsanzo za kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana sizimapereka njira yodalirika yolosera zotsatira za maphunziro potengera zaka ndi kugonana. Kupita patsogolo kuyenera kuyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito ndi mikhalidwe ya chinenero yofanana. Rayner et al., 2016 Whitford et al., 2012
Gwiritsani ntchito lemba losadziwika bwino lomwe likugwirizana ndi cholinga chanu, fufuzani ngati mwamvetsa, ndipo lembani chinenero ndi cholinga cha nthawi iliyonse yoyezera. Kuwerenga lemba losavuta mofulumira kungakhale kothandiza, koma kokha sikusonyeza kuti luso lowerenga lawonjezeka mofanana pa lemba lovuta. Kuti kuyerekezera kukhale ndi tanthauzo, sungani kuvuta ndi cholinga zikufanana momwe zingathere. Brysbaert, 2019 Nation, 2006
Choncho, yankho lothandiza ndi lakuti pali zotsatira zosiyanasiyana, osati chiŵerengero chimodzi chosinthira. Zotsatira zofalitsidwa za 139, 61 ndi 17% zikusonyeza mmene gulu la anthu ndi ntchito zimakhudzira zotsatira. Ziyenera kutithandiza kumvetsa kusiyana kwa anthu, osati kukhazikitsa muyezo watsopano wa ophunzira onse a chinenero. Brysbaert, 2019
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a liwiro lowerenga
Yesani Mayeso a liwiro lowerenga m'chinenero chomwe mumachimva, ndipo yankhani mafunso omvetsa nkhani. Sungani padera zotsatira za zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana. Ziwerengero za kafukufuku wa Chingelezi ndi zongothandiza kumvetsa nkhaniyi, osati njira yosinthira luso lanu la chinenero kapena IQ.
Mafunso ofala
Kodi kuwerenga L2 pang'onopang'ono kuwirikiza kawiri n'kosazolowereka?
Kafukufuku ameneyu safotokoza chiŵerengero cha munthu payekha chimene chingasonyeze kusazolowereka. Kudziwa chinenero, kuvuta kwa lemba ndi cholinga cha ntchito zimasiyana kwambiri moti sizingatithandize kunena zimenezo. Brysbaert, 2019
Kodi ndingayerekezere WPM ya Chingelezi ndi ya chinenero china?
Mungatero pokhapokha mutaganizira kusiyana kwa mayunitsi olembedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mfundo pa liwu. WPM yokha si njira yoyerekezera zilankhulo mosakondera. Brysbaert, 2019
Kodi ndiyenera kudzikakamiza kuti ndisiye kuwerenganso?
Musaganize kuti kubwereranso kulikonse kumavulaza. Kuwerenganso kungathandize kumvetsa, ndipo kumvetsa kuyenera kuyezedwa limodzi ndi liwiro. Schotter et al., 2014
Magwero
- Brysbaert (2019). Kodi timawerenga mawu angati pamphindi? Ndemanga ndi kusanthula kophatikiza kafukufuku wa liwiro lowerenga.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Zambiri zoti tiwerenge, nthawi yochepa.
- Rayner (1998). Kayendedwe ka maso powerenga ndi pokonza mfundo: zaka 20 za kafukufuku..
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Kayendedwe ka maso powerenga ndi pokonza mfundo: cholowa cha zaka 40 cha Keith Rayner.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Zochitika za chinenero chachiwiri zimasintha mmene kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ka mawu m'chinenero choyamba ndi chachiwiri kumakhudzira munthu: Umboni wochokera ku kayendedwe ka maso powerenga ndime mwachibadwa.
- Nation (2006). Kodi munthu ayenera kudziwa mawu ochuluka bwanji kuti aziwerenga ndi kumvetsera?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Musakhulupirire zimene mwawerenga kamodzi kokha.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Kodi timadziwa mawu angati? Kuyerekezera kothandiza kwa kukula kwa mawu odalira tanthauzo la liwu, kuchuluka kwa zomwe munthu wamva m'chinenero ndi zaka zake.