Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Ntchito mu ndemangayi | Liwiro lapakati | Nthawi yowerengera mawu 1,000 |
|---|---|---|
| Nkhani zongopeka zenizeni, kuwerenga chamumtima | 238 WPM | Pafupifupi 4 min 12 sec |
| Nkhani zopeka, kuwerenga chamumtima | 260 WPM | Pafupifupi 3 min 51 sec |
| Kuwerenga mokweza | 183 WPM | Pafupifupi 5 min 28 sec |
Chiwerengero cha kuwerenga mokweza chinachokera ku kafukufuku 77 ndi anthu 5,965. Magulu a kuwerenga chamumtima ndi mokweza anali osiyana pa zolemba, malangizo ndi anthu amene anachita kafukufukuyo. Choncho kuchotsa 183 pa 238 sikutsimikizira kuti wowerenga aliyense amawonjezera 55 WPM akawerenga chamumtima. Komanso, avareji ya gulu silifotokoza ngati mawu a munthu polankhula ndi abwino, ngati ali ndi vuto la kuwerenga bwino, kapena liwiro limene ayenera kukwaniritsa. Brysbaert, 2019
Kulankhula kumawonjezera ntchito ina yotulutsa mawu
Kuwerenga mokweza kumagwirizanitsa kuzindikira mawu poona, kukonza chinenero ndi kupanga mawu polankhula. Kuwerenga chamumtima kumakonzekeretsanso chinenero, koma sikuyenera kudikira kuti liwu lililonse litulutsidwe pakamwa. Ndemanga za mmene maso amasunthira pakuwerenga zimafotokoza kugwirizana kwa kuyang’ana mawu ndi kukonza chinenero; ntchito zonsezi sizimangokhala kusuntha maso pamzere. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Kusiyana kumeneku sikukutanthauza kuti kuwerenga chamumtima kulibe mawu okhudzana ndi mamvekedwe. Ndemanga ya kuwerenga mofulumira imafotokoza chifukwa chake kuchotsa mawu amkati sikunasonyezedwe kukhala njira yothandiza anthu onse kumvetsa zinthu mofulumira kwambiri. Kusamva mawu akulankhulidwa ndi kusakonza mamvekedwe a mawu ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana. Rayner et al., 2016
Ndi njira iti imathandiza kumvetsa bwino?
Ziwerengero ziwiri za liwiro lapakati sizingayankhe funsoli zokha. Kumvetsa bwino kumadalira zomwe zikuwerengedwa, cholinga ndi wowerenga. Kafukufuku woyesa kuletsa kuwerenganso akusonyeza kuti kubwereranso ku mawu kungathandize kumvetsa; lamulo lokakamiza munthu kuti aziwerenga mofulumira lingachotse nthawi yothandiza kukonza tanthauzo, kaya akuwerenga motani. Schotter et al., 2014
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
Chifukwa chimene zaka ndi chinenero zimasinthira kuyerekezera
Ndemangayi yapeza kuti liwiro limasiyana pakati pa ana, achikulire okalamba ndi anthu owerenga chinenero chachiwiri. Kudziwa mawu ndi zimene munthu anakumana nazo m’chinenero zimakhudza kuzindikira mawu. Kafukufuku wa chinenero chachiwiri akusonyezanso kuti mmene kuchuluka kwa mawu ena kumakhudzira kuwerenga zimadalira zimene wowerenga anakumana nazo m’chinenero chilichonse. Choncho liwiro la wophunzira powerenga mokweza ndi chamumtima silifunika kukhala lofanana ndi ma avareji a akuluakulu owerenga Chingelezi omwe aphatikizidwa. Brysbaert, 2019 Whitford et al., 2012
Kuzindikira mawu sikufanana ndi kuwalankhula bwino. Ziwerengero za mawu amene munthu amadziwa zimadalira mmene mawu amawerengedwera, pamene kumvetsa mawu powerenga kumadalira mawu amene ali m’lemba lenilenilo. Izi ndi zifukwa zopewera kugwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero chimodzi cha WPM powerenga mokweza ngati muyezo wa luso la chinenero chonse. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nation, 2006
Kodi ndi chiyani chimene n’chenicheni kuyeserera?
Sankhani njira yogwirizana ndi ntchito: kukamba pamaso pa anthu ndi kuwerenga wekha kuti umvetse zimafuna maluso ena ofanana koma amasiyananso. Yerekezerani zinthu zofanana ndi zofanana, ndipo onani ngati mwamvetsa. Ndemanga za kuwerenga zimathandiza kumasulira zotsatira mogwirizana ndi ntchito inayake, osati kulangiza aliyense kuti aziwerenga nthawi zonse mwa njira imodzi. Brysbaert, 2019 Rayner et al., 2016
Poyerekezera mwachisawawa, gwiritsani ntchito ndime zomwe simunazizolowere ndipo zili ndi zovuta zofanana. Pewani kuwerenga ndime yomweyo mokweza nthawi yomweyo mutaiwerenga chamumtima. Kuzolowera ndimeyo kungasokoneze kuyerekezera. Onani zotsatirazo ngati zimene mwapeza pa ndimezo, osati ngati mayeso ovomerezeka a nzeru zanu kapena lonjezo lokhudza mabuku onse. CLIFTON et al., 2015 Rayner, 1998
Ngati liwiro lasintha, fotokozani bwino tanthauzo lake: kuwerenga mofulumira koma osamvetsa bwino n’kosiyana ndi kuwerenga mofulumira ndikumvetsa chimodzimodzi. Nambala ya liwiro yokha siingathe kusiyanitsa zimenezi. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a liwiro lowerenga
Yesani mayeso a liwiro lowerenga ngati ntchito yowerenga chamumtima, ndipo yankhani mafunso ake a kumvetsa. Mayesowa sayeza luso lowerenga mokweza. Ngati muyeza nthawi powerenga mokweza padera, lembani kuti ndi ntchito ina.
Mafunso ofala
Kodi kuwerenga mokweza kuyenera kukhala 183 WPM?
Ichi ndi chiwerengero chapakati chophatikiza anthu ambiri, osati lamulo. Zolemba, malangizo, makhalidwe a anthu amene anachita kafukufukuyo ndi cholinga zimakhudza zotsatira. Brysbaert, 2019
Kodi kuwerenga chamumtima kumachotsa mawu amkati?
Ayi. Ndemanga ya kuwerenga mofulumira imasiyanitsa mawu amkati okhudzana ndi chinenero ndi kutchula liwu lililonse mokweza. Rayner et al., 2016
Kodi mayeso owerenga chamumtima angayese luso langa lolankhula?
Sangatsimikizire zimenezo potengera liwiro lowerenga lokha. Kulankhula mawu kumafuna zinthu zina zimene nthawi yowerenga chamumtima siyiyesa. CLIFTON et al., 2015
Magwero
- Brysbaert (2019). Kodi timawerenga mawu angati pa mphindi? Ndemanga ndi kusanthula kophatikiza kafukufuku wa liwiro lowerenga.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Zambiri zoti tiwerenge, nthawi yochepa.
- Rayner (1998). Kusuntha kwa maso powerenga ndi kukonza chidziwitso: zaka 20 za kafukufuku.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Kusuntha kwa maso powerenga ndi kukonza chidziwitso: cholowa cha zaka 40 cha Keith Rayner.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Kudziwa chinenero chachiwiri kumasintha mmene kuchuluka kwa mawu kumakhudzira chinenero choyamba ndi chachiwiri: Umboni wochokera ku kayendedwe ka maso powerenga ndime zachibadwa.
- Nation (2006). Pamafunika mawu angati kuti munthu aziwerenga ndi kumvetsera?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Musakhulupirire zimene mwawerenga kamodzi kokha.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Kodi timadziwa mawu angati? Ziwerengero zothandiza za kukula kwa mawu zimadalira tanthauzo la liwu, kuchuluka kwa chinenero chimene munthu wakumana nacho ndi zaka za munthu amene akutenga nawo mbali.