Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Kuyerekezera mu kusanthula kafukufuku wambiri | Kusintha kwa avareji yokhazikitsidwa | Nthawi yodalirika ya 95% |
|---|---|---|
| Kuyesa koyamba kufika kwachiwiri | 0.327 | 0.278 mpaka 0.375 |
| Kuyesa koyamba kufika kwachitatu | 0.495 | 0.406 mpaka 0.585 |
| Kuyesa koyamba kufika kwachinayi | 0.516 | 0.401 mpaka 0.631 |
Izi ndi zotsatira za Gome 2. Kuyerekezera koyamba kunaphatikiza kafukufuku 122 ndi anthu 153,185; kuyerekezera kotsatira kunakhudza magulu ang’onoang’ono. Zotsatirazi siziyenera kutengedwa ngati njira imodzi yophunzirira ya gulu limodzi kapena kuonjezeredwa kosatha. Zotsatira zake ndi kusintha kwa avareji yokhazikitsidwa kuchokera pa mayeso osiyanasiyana a kuzindikira, osati kuneneratu mwachindunji za lipoti lanu lotsatira la IQ. Scharfen et al., 2018
Kodi n’chiyani chingasinthe mukabwereza mayeso?
Kuzolowera malangizo, mitundu ya mafunso, njira zothetsera mavuto ndi momwe mayeso amachitikira kungakhudze mmene munthu amachitira. Ndemanga ya kubwereza mayeso imafufuza zinthu zimene zimasintha zotsatira, chifukwa kukula kwa kusinthaku kumadalira njira yoyesera ndi nthawi yapakati. Zotsatira zabwino pa mayeso achiwiri sizisonyeza kuti ndi chinthu chiti chasintha kapena kutsimikizira kuti luntha lonse lakwera. Scharfen et al., 2018
Mafunso a magulu a zithunzi amasonyeza vutoli: kuwathetsa kumafuna kupeza ndi kugwirizanitsa malamulo. Kudziwa mtundu wa ntchito kapena kukumbukira funso kungasinthe zimene mayeso obwerezedwa akuyesa. Kusanthula kwa mmene anthu amaganizira kwa Carpenter ndi anzake kumafotokoza zofunika pa kulingaliraku, pamene ndemanga ya Raven ikutsindika kufunika kwa miyezo yoyenera. Carpenter et al., 1990 Raven, 2000
Kodi ndingachotsepo chiwerengero chokhazikika cha zotsatira za kuzolowera mayeso?
Ayi. Zotsatira zonse za magulu sizipereka chiwerengero chimodzi chokhazikika choti chichotsedwe pa mphambu ya munthu aliyense. Kugwiritsa ntchito avareji ya gulu kwa munthu mmodzi sikuganizira kusiyana kwa mayeso, zomwe munthu anakumana nazo kale ndi mmene mayeso abwerezedwera. Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mayeso amafuna kutanthauzira kogwirizana ndi chida chenichenicho ndi cholinga chake; kuchotsa chiwerengero chokhazikika pongoganiza sikutsimikizira kuti zotsatirazo ndi zolondola. International Test Commission, 2001
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
Chifukwa chake kusandutsa zotsatirazi kukhala mfundo za IQ n’koopsa
Kuchulukitsa zotsatira zokhazikitsidwa ndi 15 kungawoneke kosavuta, koma kafukufuku wophatikizidwawo anasonkhanitsa zotsatira za kuzindikira zosiyanasiyana ndipo unagwiritsa ntchito njira yake yokhazikitsira. Mfundo yodziwika ya IQ ya avareji 100 ndi kupatuka kokhazikika 15 sikutanthauza kuti zotsatira zonse za kafukufuku aliyense zikufanana ndi kusintha kwa mfundo za IQ kwa munthu payekha. Gwiritsani ntchito muyeso wa zotsatirazo m'malo mopanga chiwerengero cholondola chopeka. Scharfen et al., 2018 Neisser et al., 1996
Lipoti la mphambu yovomerezeka limaphatikizaponso kusatsimikizika kwa muyeso. Kusiyana pakati pa ziwerengero ziwiri za malipoti kuyenera kutanthauziridwa motsatira malamulo a mayeso, nthawi yapakati ndi mfundo za kudalirika, osangoyerekezera mayina a mphambuzo. Pearson, 2020
Kodi mphambu yosasintha imathetsa vutoli?
Kudalirika kwa mayeso ndi zotsatira za kuzolowera ndi zinthu zosiyana. Mayeso angasonyeze kusintha kofanana munthu akawabweza pamene kusanja anthu payekhapayekha kukukhalabe, kapena kusonyeza kusiyana kosakhazikika kwa anthu ngakhale zotsatira za avareji zili zolimba. Kafukufuku wokhudza chododometsa cha kudalirika amakumbutsa kuti makhalidwe a muyeso amenewa ayenera kutsimikiziridwa mosiyana. Hedge et al., 2017
Kafukufuku wokulirapo wa kuzindikira amasiyanitsanso mbali zosiyanasiyana za mmene munthu amachitira. Mafunso a zithunzi amene munthu wawazolowera sayesa mbali zonse za kuganiza, choncho kuchita bwino pa ntchito imodzi sikutsimikizira kusintha kofanana pa kukumbukira, luso la mawu ndi kulingalira. Hampshire et al., 2012
Kodi n’zomveka kuchita chiyani potsatira kupita patsogolo?
Lembani mayeso amene munachitapo kale, mtundu wa mayeso ndi nthawi yapakati pa mayesowo. Ngati kuwunika kuli ndi zotsatira zofunika, tsatirani malamulo a kubwereza mayeso a amene akuyendetsa mayesowo. Pa masewera ongoseweretsa, fotokozani kusintha ngati kuchita bwino pa ntchito zimenezo, ndipo siyanitsani zinthu zimene zabwerezedwa kapena kukumbukiridwa ndi zinthu zatsopano. Izi zikusunga luso lothandiza limene mwapeza popanda kukokomeza zimene likutsimikizira. International Test Commission, 2001 Scharfen et al., 2018
IQ imayerekezera anthu ndi ena a msinkhu wofanana pogwiritsa ntchito avareji ya 100 m’magulu a zaka; kubwereza mayeso sikusintha mfundo imeneyi. Funso n’lakuti ngati mphambu yatsopano inayake ikuimira molondola luso limene likuyenera kuyezedwa malinga ndi mmene mayesowo anayendetsera. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a mtundu wa IQ
Yesani ntchito za mtundu wa IQ ngati mukufuna kuzidziwa, ndipo lembani zimene munayesa kale mukayerekezera zotsatira. Kuzolowera mayeso ndi mbali ya tanthauzo la zotsatirazo. Mphambu yokwera pamasewera sikutsimikizira kuti luntha lanu lonse lakwera.
Mafunso ofala
Kodi ndi mfundo zingati za IQ zimene ndidzapeze?
Kusintha kwa avareji yophatikizidwa sikupereka chitsimikizo cha mfundo za IQ zimene munthu adzapeze. Mayeso ndi mmene amabwerezedwera zimasiyana. Scharfen et al., 2018
Kodi zotsatira zabwino zimapitirira mpaka kalekale?
Ziwerengero za mayeso obwerezedwa pambuyo pake zimachokera ku magulu ang’onoang’ono ndipo sizilola kuganiza kuti zidzapitirira kosatha. Scharfen et al., 2018
Kodi kukumbukira mayankho kumapangitsa kuyerekezera kukhala kosadalirika?
Kumakhudza zimene mphambu ya mayeso obwerezedwa ingasonyeze pa kuthetsa zinthu zatsopano. Kutanthauzira kuyenera kuganizira zimene munthu anakumana nazo kale ndi cholinga cha mayesowo. International Test Commission, 2001
Magwero
- Neisser et al. (1996). Luntha: Zodziwika ndi zosadziwika..
- Pearson (2020). Lipoti lotanthauzira la WISC-V: Zokhudza mphambu.
- International Test Commission (2001). Malangizo apadziko lonse ogwiritsira ntchito mayeso.
- Raven (2000). Matrices a Raven: Kusintha ndi kukhazikika pa zikhalidwe ndi nthawi.
- Carpenter et al. (1990). Zimene mayeso amodzi a luntha amayesa: Kufotokoza kwa mmene ubongo umagwirira ntchito pa mayeso a Raven Progressive Matrices..
- Hampshire et al. (2012). Kugawa luntha la munthu m’zigawo.
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Zotsatira za kubwereza mayeso a luso la kuzindikira: Kusanthula kafukufuku wambiri.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Chododometsa cha kudalirika: Chifukwa chake ntchito zolimba za kuzindikira sizipereka kusiyana kodalirika pakati pa anthu.