Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Mmene mukuwerengera | Liwiro logwiritsidwa ntchito | Nthawi yowerengera mawu 1,000 |
|---|---|---|
| Liwiro lapakati la kuwerenga nkhani zosapeka mwakachetechete | 238 WPM | 4 min 12 sec |
| Liwiro lapakati la kuwerenga nkhani zongopeka mwakachetechete | 260 WPM | 3 min 51 sec |
| Liwiro lapakati la kuwerenga mokweza | 183 WPM | 5 min 28 sec |
| Liwiro lotsika loperekedwa monga chitsanzo | 175 WPM | 5 min 43 sec |
| Liwiro lapamwamba loperekedwa monga chitsanzo | 300 WPM | 3 min 20 sec |
Nthawizi zawerengedwa mwa masamu, ndipo zazunguliridwa kufika pa sekondi yapafupi: chiwerengero cha mawu chagawidwa ndi WPM, kenako chachulukitsidwa ndi 60. Sizoyezera nthawi yeniyeni yomalizira kuwerenga nkhani inayake ya mawu 1,000. Kafukufuku amene watchulidwa anaphatikiza maphunziro a liwiro lowerenga pa malemba ndi njira zambiri; ziwerengero zake za Chingelezi zingathandize pokonzekera nthawi. Brysbaert, 2019
Kuwerenga nkhani n’kosiyana ndi kuphunzira zimene zili m’nkhaniyo
Ziwerengero za kuwerenga mwachizolowezi za kafukufukuyu siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nthawi yokhazikika yophunzirira, kufufuza mfundo kapena kulemba manotsi. Zochitazi zimafuna kuganizira mozama ndi kubwereranso ku zimene mwaŵerenga. Kafukufuku wa kayendedwe ka maso akusonyeza kuti kubwerera m’mbuyo m’mawu ndi kuyang’ana kwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana ndi mbali za kuwerenga komvetsa tanthauzo, osati kutaya nthawi komwe kuyenera kuthetsedwa nthawi zonse. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Kuyesera kumodzi komwe kunaletsa kuwerenganso mawu othandiza kunapeza kuti anthu anamvetsa mocheperapo chifukwa cha zimene anachitazo. Izi zikuthandiza kusiyanitsa kuyenda m’mawu ndi kuwamvetsa, m’malo mongoti munthu wachita bwino chifukwa chongofika mofulumira pa mawu omaliza. Schotter et al., 2014
Nanga bwanji ngati mawuwo simukuwadziwa kapena alembedwa m’chinenero china?
Kuwerenga m’chinenero chachiwiri kumadalira luso la chinenerocho ndiponso mmene mwachidziwira. Kafukufuku wokhudza mmene kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mawu kumakhudzira kuwerenga ukusonyeza kuti zimene munthu wakumana nazo m’chinenero zimasintha kuchuluka kwa kuganiza kofunika. Kudziwa mawu kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa ndime imene munthu angamvetse; motero, chiwerengero chimodzimodzi cha mawu chingafune khama losiyana kwambiri kwa owerenga osiyanasiyana. Whitford et al., 2012 Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
Kodi zaka ndi kugonana ziyenera kusintha nthawi yoperekedwa?
Kafukufukuyu akusimba kuti ana, achikulire kwambiri ndiponso anthu owerenga m’chinenero chachiwiri amakhala ndi liwiro lotsika, koma liwiro limodzi lapakati la akuluakulu silingakhale mulingo wa munthu aliyense wosinthidwa malinga ndi zaka. Maphunziro ambiri anaphatikiza anthu ophunzira, ndipo nthawi zambiri ophunzirawo anali ophunzira a sukulu. Umboniwu supereka maziko odalirika oti tiwonjezere chiwerengero chofanana cha masekondi kwa aliyense potengera kugonana powerenga mawu 1,000. Brysbaert, 2019
Mawu sali ndi chidziwitso chofanana m’zinenero zonse. Kusiyana kwa utali wa mawu, kapangidwe ka mawu ndi kalembedwe ka zinenero kumapangitsanso kuti kuyerekezera WPM pakati pa zinenero kukhale kovuta. Ngati mumalankhula zinenero zingapo, yerekezerani ntchito zofanana m’chinenero chimodzi m’malo motanthauzira WPM yotsika kuti muli ndi luso lochepa pa chilichonse. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Kodi mungatani kuti chiwerengerochi chikhale chothandiza kwambiri?
Yesani kudziikira nthawi powerenga ndime yomwe simunaizoloŵere koma yovuta mofanana, ndipo onani zimene mwaimvetsa. Liwiro lanu pa ntchito yofanana lingakuthandizeni pokonza nthawi kuposa liwiro lapakati la anthu ambiri, ngakhale kuti chitsanzo chimodzi chachifupi sichikhala cholondola kwenikweni. Musaphatikize nthawi yowerenga yokha ndi nthawi yopuma, yolemba ndemanga kapena manotsi. Ichi ndi chiwerengero chothandiza pokonzekera nthawi, osati mayeso ozindikira matenda ovomerezeka. Brysbaert, 2019
Kafukufuku wokhudza kuwerenga mofulumira akusonyeza kuti kuwonjezera liwiro kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa kumvetsa; kuyang’ana mwachidule kungathandize pa cholinga china koma sikufanana ndi kumvetsa zonse. Ngati cholinga ndi kupeza mfundo inayake yokha, kufufuza m’mawu kungakhale koyenera. Ngati cholinga ndi kuphunzira, nthawi yowonjezera yowunika tanthauzo iyenera kuwonjezedwa pa chiwerengerocho. Rayner et al., 2016
Palibe kafukufuku amene watchulidwa amene akutsimikizira kuti masewera kapena chowerengera nthawi china chake chimapangitsa owerenga kukhala anzeru kwambiri. Zomwe zingayezedwe ndi mmene munthu wachitira powerenga ndime yodziwika, motsatira malangizo enaake, pamene kumvetsa kuwerengedwanso limodzi ndi liwiro. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a liwiro lowerenga
Yesani mayeso a liwiro lowerenga pa ndime imene simunaizoloŵere, ndipo yankhani mafunso ake okhudza kumvetsa. Gwiritsani ntchito zotsatirazo ngati chiwerengero cha ntchito imeneyo pokonzekera kuwerenga kofanana. Onjezani nthawi yapadera yolembera manotsi kapena yophunzirira m’malo moyembekezera kuti zonse zithe m’nthawi yowerenga yokha.
Mafunso ofala
Kodi njira yowerengera ndi iti?
Mphindi ndi chiwerengero cha mawu chogawidwa ndi mawu pa mphindi. Pa 238 WPM, 1,000 yogawidwa ndi 238 ndi pafupifupi mphindi 4.20, kapena mphindi 4 ndi masekondi 12. Brysbaert, 2019
Kodi chiwerengerochi chikuphatikizapo kulemba manotsi?
Ayi. Kuwerengeraku kumakhudza nthawi yowerenga pa liwiro losankhidwa; kuphunzira ndi kulemba manotsi ndi ntchito zina zowonjezera. Brysbaert, 2019
Kodi ndingachepetse nthawi ndi theka osamvetsa zochepa?
Kafukufuku wokhudza kuwerenga mofulumira sapereka lonjezo lotere kwa aliyense. Kuonjezera liwiro kwambiri nthawi zambiri kumachepetsa kumvetsa. Rayner et al., 2016
Magwero
- Brysbaert (2019). Kodi timawerenga mawu angati pa mphindi? Kafukufuku wobwereza ndi kusanthula kophatikiza zotsatira za maphunziro a liwiro lowerenga.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Zambiri zoti tiwerenge, nthawi yochepa.
- Rayner (1998). Kayendedwe ka maso powerenga ndi kukonza chidziwitso: zaka 20 za kafukufuku.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Kayendedwe ka maso powerenga ndi kukonza chidziwitso: cholowa cha zaka 40 cha Keith Rayner.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Zimene munthu wakumana nazo m’chinenero chachiwiri zimasintha mmene kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mawu a chinenero choyamba ndi chachiwiri kumakhudzira kuwerenga: Umboni wochokera pa kuyeza kayendedwe ka maso powerenga ndime zachibadwa.
- Nation (2006). Kodi pamafunika mawu angati kuti munthu athe kuwerenga ndi kumvetsera?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Musakhulupirire zimene mwaŵerenga kamodzi kokha.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Kodi timadziwa mawu angati? Ziwerengero zothandiza za kukula kwa mawu amene munthu amadziwa, potengera tanthauzo la mawu, kuchuluka kwa chinenero chimene amamva ndi msinkhu wa munthu.