Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Njira yowerengera m’zofufuza zomwezo | Pafupifupi motsatira kutsogolo | Pafupifupi mobwerera |
|---|---|---|
| Chiwerengero chapamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoimitsa yachikhalidwe | manambala 6.35 | manambala 4.61 |
| Chiwerengero chapamwamba pa mayeso onse aatali | manambala 6.77 | manambala 5.19 |
| Muyezo wosinthika wa kutalika kwa mndandanda wokumbukiridwa | 6.52 | 4.91 |
Table 6 ya Woods ndi anzake ili ndi ziwerengerozi. Manambalawo anawerengedwa mokweza pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya pakompyuta. Masewera oonetsa nambala yonse pamaso amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana zoonetsera ndi zokumbukira, choncho ziwerengerozi si miyezo ya zotsatira za Helibrain. Ngakhale m’kafukufukuyu, kusintha muyezo kunasintha kutalika kwa manambala ooneka ngati munthu angakumbukire. Woods ndi anzake, 2010
Kodi kutembenuza motsatana kumawonjezera chiyani?
Kukumbukira motsatira kutsogolo kumafuna kusunga zinthu ndi dongosolo lake. Kukumbukira mobwerera kumasintha dongosolo lofunika poyankha ndipo kungafune njira zina zosinthira kapena zopezera zomwe zasungidwa. Zitsanzo za kukumbukira kogwira ntchito zimasiyanitsa kusunga kwa kanthawi ndi njira zowongolera kapena kusintha zimene zasungidwa, m’malo motenga ntchito iliyonse ngati kuwerenga zinthu m’chidebe chimodzi. Baddeley, 2012 Conway ndi anzake, 2005
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti kusiyana kwa mobwerera kuchotsera kutsogolo kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwenikweni kwa ntchito za ubongo zoyang’anira zochita. Nkhani ya mayeso a manambala ikusonyeza chifukwa chake kulondola kwa kuwerengera kumakhudza kuyerekezera kumeneku. Njira imene munthu amagwiritsa ntchito, zolakwa zake ndi lamulo loimitsa mayeso, zonse zimathandiza kudziwa tanthauzo la kusiyanako. Woods ndi anzake, 2010
Chifukwa chiyani nambala 7 si lamulo la aliyense
Nkhani yodziwika ya Miller ikunena za chidziwitso ndi mmene chimakonzedweranso m’magulu, osati lonjezo lakuti munthu aliyense amakumbukira manambala 7 ndendende. Ndemanga yapambuyo ya Cowan ikufotokoza kuti chiwerengero cha magulu chingakhale chocheperapo ngati kubwereza ndi kuika zinthu m’magulu kwachepetsedwa. Mafotokozedwewa ali ndi malire ndi mayunitsi osiyana; palibe limene likupereka chifukwa chochotsera nambala yokhazikika pa kutalika kulikonse kokumbukira motsatira kutsogolo kuti tineneretu kwa mobwerera. Miller, 1956 Cowan, 2001
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
Zaka, maphunziro ndi mmene ziwerengero zimaperekedwera n’zofunika
Kafukufuku wokhazikitsa miyezo ya kukumbukira manambala anafufuza zaka ndi maphunziro, koma anthu akuluakulu amene anaphatikizidwa mmenemo sapereka miyezo ya moyo wonse kwa zinenero ndi njira zonse. Kusiyana kwa zaka m’gulu limenelo sikutsimikizira kuti kuchuluka kwa munthu pa msinkhu wake pa msakatuli kuyenera kusinthidwa potengera zaka. Manambala omvedwa ali ndi dongosolo lowapereka limodzi ndi limodzi, losiyana ndi kuona nambala yonse nthawi imodzi. Woods ndi anzake, 2010
Chidziwitso cha nthawi yaitali chingasinthe mmene mndandanda wa zinthu umasungidwira m’maganizo. Kafukufuku wa kuika zinthu m’magulu akufotokoza mmene dongosolo limathandizira kufupikitsa mndandanda, ndipo kafukufuku wotchuka wa munthu amene anaphunzira mwakhama kwambiri anaonetsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa manambala amene ankakumbukira pogwiritsa ntchito njira zimene anaphunzira zokonzera zinthu m’maganizo. Zimenezi sizikutsimikizira kuwonjezeka kofanana kwa mitundu yonse ya kukumbukira. Mathy ndi anzake, 2012 Ericsson ndi anzake, 1980
Kodi munthu angatanthauzire bwanji kusiyana kwa zotsatira zake?
Sungani matanthauzo a ntchito zonse ziwiri ndi malamulo owerengera zotsatira. Zotsatira zochepa za kukumbukira mobwerera zokha sizikusonyeza kuti pali vuto la thanzi, ndipo kusiyana kwakukulu kuposa kwachizolowezi kwa munthu sikungatanthauziridwe ngati vuto lachipatala popanda kuyeza koyenera ndi miyezo yoyenera. Ndemanga ya njira zoyezera kukumbukira motsatana ikugogomezera kugwiritsa ntchito njira zofotokozedwa bwino popereka maganizo okhudza kukumbukira kogwira ntchito. Conway ndi anzake, 2005
Komanso si bwino kusandutsa kutalika kulikonse kokumbukira kukhala mlingo winawake wa n-back. Kusanthula maphunziro ambiri kunapeza kuti mayeso a n-back ndi a kutalika kwa mndandanda wokumbukiridwa si ofanana, ngakhale onse amatchedwa kuyeza kukumbukira kogwira ntchito. Zotsatira zimadalira zimene mayesowo amafuna pa kuzindikira, kusintha zimene zikukumbukiridwa ndi kukumbukira. Redick ndi anzake, 2013
Pofuna kutsatira zotsatira zanu m’njira yosakhala yovomerezeka pachipatala, yerekezerani kutsogolo ndi kutsogolo, ndiponso mobwerera ndi mobwerera, pogwiritsa ntchito njira zofanana zoperekera manambala. Mukasintha njira yoika zinthu m’magulu, lembani kusinthako. Zotsatira zabwino zingasonyeze kuti mwapeza njira yabwino yogwirira ntchito ndi zinthu zimenezi, osati kuti kukumbukira kwanu kwakula pa chilichonse. Woods ndi anzake, 2010 Mathy ndi anzake, 2012
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a kukumbukira manambala
Yesani mayeso a kukumbukira manambala ngati ntchito yokumbukira zimene zaoneka. Zotsatira zake ziyenera kutanthauziridwa potsatira malangizo akeake; si njira ya patebulo yomva manambala motsatira kutsogolo ndi mobwerera. Musagwiritse ntchito kusiyana kofalitsidwa ngati cholinga chodziwira matenda.
Mafunso ofala
Kodi kusiyana koyembekezeredwa ndi manambala awiri ndendende?
Ayi. Kusiyana kwa pafupifupi pa muyezo wachikhalidwe m’kafukufukuyo kunali manambala 1.74, ndipo njira zina zowerengera zinapereka kusiyana kosiyana. Imeneyi si lamulo la munthu aliyense. Woods ndi anzake, 2010
Kodi nthawi zina munthu angakumbukire zambiri mobwerera?
Zotsatira za munthu aliyense ndi njira zimene amagwiritsa ntchito zingasiyane. Ziwerengero za pafupifupi za gulu lonse sizikutanthauza kuti pa mayeso aliwonse a munthu payekha zotsatira ziyenera kutsatizana mwanjira inayake. Woods ndi anzake, 2010
Kodi ndingasinthe kutalika kokumbukira manambala kukhala mlingo wa n-back?
Ayi. Zimenezi sizikupereka njira yovomerezeka yosinthira; mayesowo ndi njira zosiyana zoyeza zinthu. Redick ndi anzake, 2013
Magwero
- Woods ndi anzake (2010). Kuwongolera kuyeza kukumbukira mawu kwa kanthawi pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a manambala.
- Cowan (2001). Nambala yodabwitsa 4 pa kukumbukira kwa kanthawi: Kuganiziranso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimene maganizo angasunge.
- Miller (1956). Nambala yodabwitsa 7, kuwonjezera kapena kuchotsa 2: Malire ena a mphamvu yathu yokonza chidziwitso.
- Baddeley (2012). Kukumbukira kogwira ntchito: Ziphunzitso, zitsanzo ndi mikangano.
- Conway ndi anzake (2005). Mayeso a kutalika kwa kukumbukira kogwira ntchito: Ndemanga ya njira ndi chitsogozo kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
- Redick ndi anzake (2013). Mayeso a kukumbukira kogwira ntchito a complex span ndi n-back: Kusanthula maphunziro ambiri.
- Ericsson ndi anzake (1980). Kupeza luso la kukumbukira.
- Mathy ndi anzake (2012). N’chiyani chimadabwitsa pa manambala odabwitsa? Kuika m’magulu ndi kufupikitsa chidziwitso pokumbukira kwa kanthawi.