Umboni wofunika ndi manambala
| Zotsatira pa kusanthula kophatikiza kwa akuluakulu | Chiwerengero | Malire ake |
|---|---|---|
| Gulu la ntchito yoletsa mayankho ya Stroop | Hedges' g = 0.12 | Musanakonze kukondera kofalitsa kafukufuku |
| Nthawi yake yodalirika ya 95% | 0.03 mpaka 0.20 | Kusiyana kochepa kwa magulu ophatikizidwa |
| Mapeto onse pambuyo pokonza kukondera | Palibe umboni wotsimikizira ubwino wokhazikika | Sizitsimikizira kuti anthu onse ali ofanana |
Chiwerengero cha Stroop chili mu Gome 3. Ndi kusiyana kokhazikitsidwa pa muyezo umodzi, osati kuchita bwino ndi 12% kapena mwayi wa munthu payekha. Zotsatira zazing’ono zosakonzedwa za m’gomeli ziyenera kuwerengedwa pamodzi ndi mapeto a pepalali okonzedwa chifukwa cha kukondera; kusankha zotsatira zabwino zokhazo kungapereke chithunzi cholakwika cha kuwunikaku. Lehtonen et al., 2018
N’chifukwa chiyani ubwino umenewu unaperekedwa ngati lingaliro?
Kusamalira zilankhulo zoposa chimodzi kumapereka chifukwa chomveka chofufuzira mmene munthu amalamulirira kaganizidwe. Koma njira zimene zikuoneka zotheka zimafunika umboni wachindunji. Kafukufuku woyesera wa Paap ndi Greenberg amakayikira ngati ntchito zingapo zoyang’anira kaganizidwe zimapereka umboni wogwirizana wa ubwino umodzi wa anthu olankhula zilankhulo ziwiri; kukhala ndi dzina limodzi sikutanthauza kuti ziwerengero zake n’zofanana. Paap et al., 2013
Mayeso a Stroop nawonso ali ndi mbali zingapo. Mawu, mitundu, kugwirizanitsa mayankho ndi muyezo woyerekezera nazo zimakhudza kusiyana kwa zotsatira. Kuwunika kwa MacLeod ndi kuwunika kwa kuyeza kwachipatala kukusonyeza chifukwa chake mayesowa sangangotengedwa ngati chida choyera choyezera luso lolamulira maganizo mosadalira chilankhulo. MacLeod, 1991 Scarpina et al., 2017
Kodi chilankhulo cha mayeso chimakhudza zotsatira?
Mawu olembedwa angasokoneze kokha kudzera mu njira zimene ubongo wa wowerenga umagwiritsa ntchito. Mayeso oyambirira akusonyeza kufunika kwa kuyankha pakamwa komwe kumazolowereka, pamene zowunikazo zikufotokoza kusiyana kwa mitundu ya mayeso. Zimenezi zimathandiza kusunga chilankhulo ndi mmene munthu amayankhira kuti zikhale zofanana; sizipereka chiŵerengero chimodzi chokonzekera zotsatira za anthu olankhula zilankhulo ziwiri. Stroop, 1935 MacLeod, 1991
Kodi zimakhudzidwa ndi chiyani?
Kusiyana kwa magulu sikukufotokoza munthu payekha
Ngakhale kusiyana kochepa kwa magulu kukaoneka, anthuwo angakhale ndi zotsatira zofanana kwambiri ndipo kusiyanako sikungafotokoze chifukwa chimene zotsatira za munthu mmodzi zasinthira. Kafukufuku wokhudza chodabwitsa cha kudalirika akusonyezanso kuti kusiyana kwa ntchito zambiri zakale sikudalirika kwambiri poika anthu pa mlingo wawo payekha, ngakhale kuti zotsatira zoyesera zimakhala zolimba. Kuyesa kwaufupi pa msakatuli sikungatsimikize kuti ndi chiyani pa mbiri ya zilankhulo cha munthu chimene chinayambitsa zotsatira zake. Hedge et al., 2017
Kusanthula kwa akuluakulu sikunakhazikitse miyezo ya Stroop ya anthu olankhula zilankhulo ziwiri ya msinkhu uliwonse kapena yosiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi. Mapeto ake sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mongodzichitira kwa ana, mitundu yonse ya zilankhulo ziwiri kapena tanthauzo lililonse la luso lolankhula zilankhulo ziwiri. Gulu lina la anthu limafuna umboni wake woyenera. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Chifukwa chake kuyeza ndi kukonza zotsatira n’kofunika
Nthawi yoyezedwa pa msakatuli imasiyana malinga ndi kompyuta kapena foni, ndipo kuwerengera zotsatira za Stroop kumasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa mayeso. Kafukufuku wophatikiza wa zachipatala akusonyeza mmene njira yoyezera kusokonezana ingasinthire kukula kwa kusiyana kwa magulu komwe kumaoneka. Ili ndi chenjezo lokhudza kuyeza, osati umboni wakuti kulankhula zilankhulo ziwiri ndi matenda. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Lansbergen et al., 2007
Kodi mungadziwe chiyani kwenikweni poyesa?
Gwiritsani ntchito mayesowa kuti muone mmene mawu ndi mtundu wosagwirizana zimavutitsirana. Mukayerekezera zotsatira zanu zobwerezabwereza, sungani chilankhulo, chipangizo, njira yoyankhira ndi kuwerengera zotsatira kukhala zofanana. Werengani chiŵerengero cha zolakwa pamodzi ndi nthawi yoyankhira ndipo musatanthauzire kusintha ngati umboni wa ubwino waukulu wa kulankhula zilankhulo ziwiri. Scarpina et al., 2017 Hedge et al., 2017
Umboniwu sutsutsa kuphunzira zilankhulo, komanso sulonjeza kuti kuphunzira zilankhulo kumakulitsa luso la maganizo. Ukuyankha funso locheperapo: kafukufuku wa akuluakulu amene watchulidwa pano sapereka umboni wolimba wotsimikizira ubwino wamba pa ntchito zoyang’anira kaganizidwe atawerengera kukondera kofalitsa kafukufuku. Luso linalake la chilankhulo ndi ubwino wolankhulana m’chinenero china ndi zotsatira zina zosiyana. Lehtonen et al., 2018 Paap et al., 2013
Yesani mayeso aulere okhudzana ndi zimenezi
Mayeso a Stroop
Yesani Mayeso a Stroop m’chinenero chimene mukumvetsa ndipo muzisunga chilankhulo chimodzimodzi mukamatsatira zotsatira zanu. Sizingadziwe ngati mbiri yanu ya zilankhulo ndiyo inayambitsa zotsatira zanu kapena kukupatsani mwayi wa kaganizidwe chifukwa cholankhula zilankhulo ziwiri.
Mafunso ofala
Kodi g = 0.12 akutanthauza kuti kuchita bwino ndi 12%?
Ayi. Ndi kusiyana kwa magawo awiri a avareji kokhazikitsidwa pa muyezo umodzi, ndipo chiwerengerochi chinapezeka chisanakonzedwe chifukwa cha kukondera. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Kodi kuwunikaku kukutsimikizira kuti palibe munthu wolankhula zilankhulo ziwiri amene amapindula?
Ayi. Kusowa kwa umboni wolimba wa phindu la avareji sikutanthauza kuti anthu onse kapena zochitika zonse n’zofanana. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Kodi zotsatira zanga zingasonyeze ngati ndine wolankhula zilankhulo ziwiri?
Ayi. Kuchita pa Stroop sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa anthu potengera mbiri ya zilankhulo ndipo si mayeso ovomerezeka a kudziwa ngati munthu amalankhula zilankhulo ziwiri. MacLeod, 1991 Scarpina et al., 2017
Magwero
- Lehtonen et al. (2018). Kodi kulankhula zilankhulo ziwiri kumagwirizana ndi luso lowonjezeka loyang’anira kaganizidwe mwa akuluakulu? Kuwunika kophatikiza kafukufuku..
- Paap et al. (2013). Palibe umboni wogwirizana wa ubwino wa anthu olankhula zilankhulo ziwiri pa kayendetsedwe ka kaganizidwe.
- MacLeod (1991). Zaka makumi asanu za kafukufuku wokhudza zotsatira za Stroop: Kuwunika kophatikiza..
- Scarpina et al. (2017). Mayeso a Mitundu ndi Mawu a Stroop.
- Stroop (1935). Kafukufuku wa kusokonezana pa mayankho apakamwa otsatizana..
- Hedge et al. (2017). Chodabwitsa cha kudalirika: Chifukwa chake ntchito zolimba zoyezera kaganizidwe sizipereka kusiyana kodalirika pakati pa anthu.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Kulondola ndi mwatsatanetsatane komwe kungapezeke pa mapulatifomu oyesera pa intaneti, asakatuli ndi zida zenizeni.
- Lansbergen et al. (2007). Kusokonezana kwa Stroop ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa chidwi/kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso: Kuwunika ndi kusanthula kophatikiza kafukufuku..