ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ
| ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛ-ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯖꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ | ꯑꯔꯊ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯕ |
|---|---|
| 217 ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯤ | ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ |
| ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯁ: 206 ꯊꯧꯅꯥ, 1,038 ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ | ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯁ |
| ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ average g = 0.47 | ꯃꯊꯧ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ standardized ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯐꯜ |
| ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ | ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕꯥ |
| ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ | ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ |
ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ, ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯟ-ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯚ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯜꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯍꯣꯡꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ; ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯅꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯒꯦꯝꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ꯫ Uttal et al., 2013
ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯦ?
ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯟ-ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯤꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯇꯩꯡ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯏ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ, ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯊꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯉꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ, ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯁꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ Shepard et al., 1971 Vandenberg et al., 1978
ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯐꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯅꯥ ꯀꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯤꯔꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ Scharfen et al., 2018
ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯃꯦꯇꯥ-ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯥ, ꯌꯦꯡꯏ; ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯨꯂꯄꯥ ꯐꯜꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ-ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯅꯁꯨ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ Uttal et al., 2013 Voyer et al., 1995 Linn et al., 1985
ꯀꯔꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯒꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯊꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯏ; ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯁꯨ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯁꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯤ꯫ Uttal et al., 2013
ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯄꯤꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯅꯪꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯖꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯜꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛ-ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫ Shepard et al., 1971 Vandenberg et al., 1978
ꯃꯥꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫ reliability-paradox ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯊꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯑꯊꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ Hedge et al., 2017
ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯊꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯝꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯄꯥꯉꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯖꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯖꯔ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ, ꯁꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫ Uttal et al., 2013 Scharfen et al., 2018
ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯃꯤꯅꯨ꯫ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯔꯤꯚ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯂꯣꯏ꯫ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯤ꯫ Voyer et al., 1995 Hyde, 2005
ꯑꯔꯊ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ: ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ꯫ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯒꯅꯤ꯫ Uttal et al., 2013
ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯔꯤ
ꯑꯈꯟꯕ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ
ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯟ-ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯅꯪꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯄꯤꯌꯨ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯊꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯧ꯫ ꯒꯦꯝꯅꯥ IQ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯐꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯦ꯫
ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯪꯁꯤꯡ
g = 0.47 ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯅꯥ 47% ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯜ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?
ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ standardized mean difference ꯑꯃꯅꯤ; ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯕꯥ ꯑꯔꯊꯗꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫ Uttal et al., 2013
ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ IQ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯦ?
ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛ-ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯜꯅꯥ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ ꯄꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯥꯞꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯈꯜꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯒꯅꯤ꯫ Uttal et al., 2013
ꯑꯩꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯅꯤꯠ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ?
ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯖꯔ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯧꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯉꯊꯣꯀꯄꯅꯥ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ꯫ Uttal et al., 2013 Scharfen et al., 2018
ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ
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- Scharfen et al. (2018). ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯜ: ꯃꯦꯇꯥ-ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯁ.
- Hedge et al. (2017). reliability paradox: ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ.
ꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯄꯤꯌꯨ: ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏꯟꯗ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/mni/answers/can-mental-rotation-improve-with-practice. CC BY 4.0.
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