Bufakazi lobubalulekile netinombolo
| Lokushiwo | Inchazelo lemiselwe ebufakazini |
|---|---|
| Kukhuluma ngaphakathi kwengcondvo kuvimbela wonkhe umuntfu kutsi afundze ngesivinini sekukhuluma | Kufundza buthule nekufundza uphimisa kunetivinini letehlukene; kucatsanisa loku ngalendlela lelula akusekelwa bufakazi |
| Kususa kukhuluma kwangekhatsi kwenta kucondza ngekushesha kuqinisekiswe | Akukasekelwa kutsi lesi sicinisekiso sisebenta kubo bonkhe bantfu |
| Kubuyela emuva njalo kumosha sikhatsi | Bufakazi betivivinyo bukhombisa kutsi kuphindza ufundze kungasita kucondza |
| I-WPM lephakeme leboniswako isho kutsi kufundza kungcono njalo | Kufanele kuhlolwe nekucondza |
Ligama lelitsi kukhuluma ngephansi lisetjentiswa ngetindlela letingafani. Lingasho livi langekhatsi umuntfu lalivako, kusebenta lokuncane lokuhlobene nekukhuluma, noma kucubungula lulwimi lokusebentisa emifanekiso yemisindvo. Leti akusito tindlela tekukala letifanana. Luhlolo lwekufundza ngekushesha lukhuluma ngekucubungula imisindvo yelulwimi, futsi luyala kutsi kucatjangwe kutsi kungaliva livi langekhatsi kusho kutsi sekuphelile tidzingo tekucubungula lulwimi lapho ufundza. Rayner et al., 2016
Kungani kuhambisa emehlo ngekushesha kungakeneli
Emehlo atfola lwati lolubonakalako ngekubuka tintfo sikhatsi lesitsite nangekweqa kwemehlo, kodvwa kucondza kudzinga kubona emagama nekuchumanisa inchazelo yawo. Tihlatiyo tekunyakata kwemehlo tikhombisa kutsi kuhlola lokubonakalako nekucubungula lulwimi kuyasebentisana. Kuhambisa sikhombi ngekushesha noma kuvimbela emehlo kutsi abuyele emuva akusho kutsi lwati lolufanako lucondziwe. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Schotter nalabo labasebenta naye bahlola indlela leyenta emagama lofundze wona angaphindze asebentiselwe kuphindza ufundze. Kucondza kwehla. Lomphumela awufakazeli kutsi kubuyela emuva ngakunye kuyadzingeka; kodvwa uyaphikisana nekutsatsa konkhe kubuyela emuva njengeliphutsa lokufanele lisuswe ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi. Schotter et al., 2014
Kungani letinye tincenye tifundzeka ngekushesha kakhulu
Kujwayelana nemagama nemava elulwimi kushintja lokudzingekako ekucubunguleni. Luhlolo lwebunyenti bemagama elulwimini lwesibili kanye nelwati lwesilulumagama lukhombisa kutsi kungani ligama lelingaketayeleki noma lulwimi lolungakajwayelwa kakhulu kungenta lomsebenti uhamba kancane. Loko akusho kutsi kukhuluma kwangekhatsi ngiko lokubangela loko, ngisho noma lofundzako eva kakhulu livi langekhatsi etincenyeni letimatima. Whitford et al., 2012 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Yini letsintsa loku?
Kutsiwani ngekufundza ngekuhlola nje?
Kufundza ngekuhlola nje kungasita nangabe umgomo kutfola sihloko noma kubona lokucuketfwe ngalokubanti. Kufundza ngalendlela kuhlola lwati loluncane, ngako kufanele kuhlolwe kuye ngalowo mgomo. Luhlolo lwekufundza ngekushesha lwehlukanisa lomsebenti nekucondza umbhalo wonkhe ngesivinini lesikhulu ngendlela lengaketayeleki. Kuwufundza ngekuhlola ngekushesha akubufakazi bekutsi imininingwane yonkhe isacondziwe ngalokufanako. Rayner et al., 2016
Tilinganiso tebantfu labadzala letibalwe ngetinombolo nato tinemikhawulo. Tifinyeto tetivivinyo tesiNgisi, letinabaningi labafundzile, hhayi timiso teminyaka ngeminyaka letisebenta kuto tonkhe tilwimi. Bantfwana, bantfu labadzala ngeminyaka kanye nalabo labafundza lulwimi lwesibili akukafaneli bahlulelwe ngesilinganiso sinye noma ngekutsi livi labo langekhatsi lithule kangakanani. Brysbaert, 2019
Yini lesekelwa kunekutsi wetame kuvimbela livi langekhatsi?
Fundza tintfo letihambisana nemgomo wakho, uhlole kucondza kwakho, futsi ujwayelane nelulwimi kanye nesihloko. Luhlolo lwekufundza lusekela kutsi emava nelikhono elulwimi kubalulekile, kodvwa alubeki sikhatsi sekutilolonga lesisebenta kubo bonkhe bantfu noma kwenyuka kwelizinga lokucinisekisiwe. Luhlolo lwelwati lwesilulumagama nalo lukhuluma ngekutsi kungakanani lokucuketfwe ngulowo mbhalo lokwatiwako, hhayi indlela yekusheshisa imiphumela ngaleso sikhatsi. Rayner et al., 2016 Nation, 2006
Kute ucale kucatsanisa lokwakho, sebentisa tincenye longakatijwayeli bese uqhathanisa kucondza kanye nesikhatsi. Nangabe indlela letsite inyusa i-WPM kodvwa yehlisa likhono lakho lekuchaza umbhalo, chaza loko njengentfo lenye lezuza lokutsite bese ilahlekelwa lokunye. Kwehla kwekuva livi langekhatsi ngekwakho akubufakazi bekutsi kufundza sekungcono. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
Umgomo longafinyelelwa kahle kucondza tintfo letifanele ngendlela lencono. Awukho umtfombo locoshiwe lokhombisa kutsi kuvimbela kukhuluma kwangekhatsi ngesikhatsi seluhlolo lwesiphequluli kwenta kuhlakanipha kukhule kubo bonkhe bantfu noma kususe ngalokuphelele imikhawulo yekucubungula lulwimi lefika nekufundza. Rayner et al., 2016 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Zama luhlolo lwamahhala loluhlobene naloku
Luhlolo lwejubane lekufundza
Zama luhlolo lwejubane lekufundza ngaphandle kwekutiphocelela kusebentisa indlela longakayijwayeli yekuvimbela livi langekhatsi. Bhala phansi kucondza kanye nelizinga lakho. Nawuhlola tindlela letehlukene tekufundza, tsatsa umphumela njengelicatsaniso lwaleyo ndzima kuphela, hhayi njengesilinganiso lesicinisekisiwe sekukhuluma kwangekhatsi.
Imibuto lejwayelekile
Livi langekhatsi likhomba yini kutsi awukwati kufundza kahle?
Luhlolo alusekeli siphetfo lesinjalo lesisebenta kubo bonkhe bantfu. Kucubungula lulwimi lokuhlobene nemisindvo kanye nekuphimisela onkhe emagama ngalokuvakalako akusiyo intfo yinye. Rayner et al., 2016
Kufanele ngigweme yini kubuka emuva?
Akufanele kube ngumtsetfo wabo bonkhe. Silingo lesilawulwako satfola kutsi kukwati kuphindza ufundze kuyasisita kucondza. Schotter et al., 2014
Ngingatilotja yini ngekufundza ngekuhlola nje ngekwehlukana?
Yebo, kodvwa kuhlole njengendlela yekukhetsa lokuncane longakufundza kuze utfole umbono jikelele noma ucinge lokutsite, hhayi njengobufakazi bekutsi ucondze yonke imininingwane ngelizinga lelibonisiwe. Rayner et al., 2016
Imithombo
- Brysbaert (2019). Mangaki emagama lesiwafundza ngeminithi? Luhlolo nekucubungula lokuhlangene kwelizinga lekufundza.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Kuningi kakhulu kwekufundza, sikhatsi sincane kakhulu.
- Rayner (1998). Kunyakata kwemehlo ekufundzeni nekucubungula lwati: iminyaka lengu-20 yelucwaningo..
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Kunyakata kwemehlo ekufundzeni nekucubungula lwati: lifa leminyaka lengu-40 laKeith Rayner.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Emava elulwimi lwesibili ashintja imiphumela yemvamisa yemagama elulwimi lwekucala nelesibili: bufakazi obuvela etilinganisweni tekunyakata kwemehlo lapho kufundvwa tindzima letivamile.
- Nation (2006). Sidinga silulumagama lesikhulu kangakanani kuze sifundze siphindze silalele?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Ungakukholwa loko lokufundza kanye kuphela.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Mangaki emagama lesiwatiko? Kulinganisa bungako besilulumagama kuye ngekuchazwa kweligama, lizinga lekutfola lulwimi neminyaka yalowo lohlolwako.
Caphuna leli khasi: Kufanele uyekele yini kukhuluma ngaphakathi kwengcondvo yakho kuze ufundze ngekushesha?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/ss/answers/subvocalization-and-reading-speed. CC BY 4.0.
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