Bufakazi lobubalulekile netinombolo
| Umsebenti lowashicilelwa | Linani lebahlanganyeli | Sikhatsi lesimaphakathi lesalinganiswa |
|---|---|---|
| Kuphendvula lokulula ngekubona, Woods Sivivinyo 1 | Bantfu labadzala labangu-1,469, labaneminyaka 18–65 | 231 ms |
| Kuphendvula ngekukhetsa ngekubona, Woods Sivivinyo 1 | Bantfu labadzala labangu-1,466, labaneminyaka 18–65 | 550 ms |
| Umsebenti wekukhetsa, licembu leminyaka 18–24 | Bahlanganyeli labangu-86 | 472 ms |
| Umsebenti wekukhetsa, licembu leminyaka 59–65 | Bahlanganyeli labangu-246 | 590 ms |
Tinombolo temsebenti lolula tisencwadzini yesifinyeto sesampuli yawo; emacembu eminyaka nematilinganiso emsebenti wekukhetsa atfolakala kuThebula 2. Letifundvo tisebentisa simo sinye sekucwaninga kodvwa tisebentisa tintfo letihlukile letivusa imphendvulo kanye netidzingo temisebenti letihlukile. Kususa tilinganiso letiphelele letisemkhatsini kuchaza kubala nje, hhayi kukala ngalokumsulwa sigaba sinye sekucubungula kwengcondvo. Woods et al., 2015 Woods et al., 2015
Yini leyentekako nangabe sekufakwa kukhetsa?
Emsebentini lolula, umhlanganyeli angalungiselela kwenta umnyakato munye njalo nakufika sibonakaliso. Umsebenti wekukhetsa udzinga kubona kutsi yini lebonakele bese uyayihlanganisa nesento. Tilingo letidvumile taHick naHyman tikhombisa kuhlobana kwesikhatsi sekuphendvula nelwati lolusetimpendvulweni letingakhetfwa, kufaka ekhatsi linani letibonakaliso letingenteka kanye nematfuba ato. Hick, 1952 Hyman, 1953
Kungako umuntfu angaphendvula ngekushesha ekukhanyeni kodvwa adzinge sikhatsi lesidze kukhetsa sinyatselo lesifanele emdlalweni. Akuphikisani loko: le misebenti ibuta imibuto leyehlukene. Umsebenti wekukhetsa waselabhorethri uphindze ulawule kutsi ngutiphi tintfo letingakhetfwa, kantsi umdlalo wemphilo yamalanga onkhe noma simo sekushayela akukaleki ngesilinganiso sinye lesisebenta kuto tonkhe. Woods et al., 2015
Kufanele buhlatiywe njani budzala nebunye besini?
Letinombolo temacembu eminyaka letingenhla tichamuka kusampuli leyahlolwa ngesikhatsi sinye, hhayi ekulandzeleni bantfu labafananako emashumini eminyaka. Tikhombisa simo salomsebenti kodvwa atikhoni kubiketela kutsi emaphuzu emuntfu munye atawushintja kangakanani njalo ngemnyaka. Futsi atibeki emaphesenti alindzelekile esipheqululini ngeminyaka, noma silungiso lesingaguquki ngekwesini. Loko kungadzinga indlela lefanako kanye nemazinga ekucatsanisa lafanele. Woods et al., 2015 Woods et al., 2015
Yini letsintsa loku?
Kubala emaphuzu kufaka emaphutsa kanye nesivinini
Kucagela ngekushesha kunganciphisa sikhatsi sekuphendvula kodvwa kwandise emaphutsa. Ngako umsebenti wekukhetsa kufanele uchaze kutsi yini letsatfwa njengemphendvulo lefanele, kungaphendvuli noma kuphendvula masinyane kakhulu. Sikhatsi lesimaphakathi sezimphendvulo letifanele angeke sihlatiywe ngaphandle kwekubuka kutsi kunemba kushintjile yini. Sifundvo saWoods sekukhetsa sibika imiphumela leminingana kunekutsatsa sikhatsi sodvwa njengencazelo lephelele yekusebenta. Woods et al., 2015
Timphendvulo letihamba kancane kakhulu noma ngekushesha kakhulu, kanye nendlela lokusetjentwa ngayo tivivinyo letigejiwe, kungaphindze kushintje sifinyeto. Indlela yekuphatsa imiphumela leyehlukile kakhulu iyincenye yencazelo yemaphuzu; emawebhusayithi lamabili lanemitsetfo leyehlukene angatfola tinombolo letehlukene ekutiphatseni lokucishe kufane. Ratcliff, 1993
Kungani imiphumela ye-inthanethi yehlukile kuleyo yasethebuleni
Izikrini, emathulusi okufaka timphendvulo kanye netinhlelo tesiphequluli tinikela ngetibambezelo tato nangekungalingani kwesikhatsi. Tilingo tekucatsanisa tikhombisa kutsi timaki tesikhatsi letinemininingwane lemincane kusofthiwe atikususi loko kwehlukana. Kucatsanisa umsebenti wekukhetsa ngelucingo nalowo lolula losebentisa ligundvwane kuhlanganisa kukhetsa imphendvulo nekuhlukana kwemishini nemnyakato. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Bridges et al., 2020
Kute ucondzanise ngendlela lenengcondvo lengakahleleki, sebentisa imishini lefanako futsi ufundze imiyalo yayo yomibili imisebenti. Lindzela umehluko locondene nalowo msebenti, ungatsatsi noma ngutiphi tinombolo njengesilinganiso sejubane lesivamile. Lucwaningo lwekwetsembeka luphindze lusho kutsi umphumela lomkhulu wesilinganiso semsebenti awusho ngekwawo kutsi umehluko wemaphuzu emuntfu ngamunye uyintfo lehlala ingashintji. Hedge et al., 2017
Kwetayeta kungenta kuhlobana kwesibonakaliso nemphendvulo kwatiwe kangcono. Loko kungaba kufundza kwangempela kwalomsebenti ngaphandle kwekukhombisa kutsi kunekutfutfuka lokuvamile ekutsatseni tincumo. Umphumela losita isayensi kusebenta lokutfutfukile endleleni lechazwe kahle, kugcinwe emaphutsa netimo tawo. Woods et al., 2015 Hick, 1952
Zama luhlolo lwamahhala loluhlobene naloku
Luhlolo lwesikhatsi sekuphendvula
Cala ngeluhlolo lwesikhatsi sekuphendvula kuze ubone umsebenti wemphendvulo lolula. Nangabe uphindze wetame luhlolo lwekukhetsa lolufana ne-Stroop, catsanisa imiyalo yalo netidzingo tekunemba ngaphambi kwekucatsanisa tikhatsi. Lo mehluko awusiso silinganiso lesigunyatiwe sebuhlakani bakho noma likhono lakho lekutsatsa tincumo.
Imibuto lejwayelekile
Ngumuphi umsebenti lofana kakhulu nemidlalo yekudlala?
Imidlalo ivame kudzinga kukhetsa, kubiketela nekutfutsa umtimba. Umsebenti wekukhetsa lolawulwako ukala luhlangotsi lunye, kodvwa kute namunye walemisebenti loluvivinyo loluphelele lwekusebenta emdlalweni. Woods et al., 2015
Nangabe kukhetfwa kwetinketho kuphindvwa kabili, sikhatsi sekuphendvula naso siphindvwa kabili yini?
Lokwatholwa etifundvweni letidvumile kuphatse lwati lolusetintfweni tekukhetsa, hhayi umtsetfo lovamile wekuphindvwa kabili. Kuhlanganisa imphendvulo nalesibonakaliso, ematfuba kanye nendlela umsebenti lowakheke ngayo kubalulekile. Hick, 1952 Hyman, 1953
Ngingawasusa yini emaphuzu ami kuze ngikale sikhatsi sekucabanga?
Kususa kuhlanganisa umehluko wemisebenti newekukala ngaphandle kwekutsi indlela yekuhlola iwulawule. Akusho ngekwako kutsi sekulinganiswe sigaba sinye sekucubungula. Woods et al., 2015 Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
Imithombo
- Woods et al. (2015). Tintfo letitsintsa sikhatsi sekuphendvula lokulula.
- Woods et al. (2015). Kwehla kwekushesha kwekukhetsa nekukhipha timphendvulo emsebentini wekuphendvula ngekukhetsa ngekubona lokuhlobene nebudzala.
- Hick (1952). Ngesivinini sekutfola lwati.
- Hyman (1953). Lwati lwesibonakaliso njengentfo lebeka sikhatsi sekuphendvula.
- Ratcliff (1993). Tindlela tekuphatsa tikhatsi tekuphendvula letihlukile kakhulu.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Kunemba nekucondza lokusebentisekako kwemapulatifomu etilingo aku-inthanethi, tiphequluli kanye nemadivayisi.
- Bridges et al. (2020). Sifundvo lesikhulu sekucatsanisa sikhatsi: kucondzaniswa kwetinhlelo letehlukene tekudala tilingo, taselabhorethri neze-inthanethi.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yekwetsembeka: Kungani imisebenti yengcondvo lecina ingakhiphi umehluko wetintfo temuntfu ngamunye lowetsembekile.
Caphuna leli khasi: Uyini umehluko emkhatsini sesikhatsi sekuphendvula lokulula naleso sekukhetsa?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/ss/answers/simple-vs-choice-reaction-time. CC BY 4.0.
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