Bufakazi lobubalulekile netinombolo
| Luhlobo lwemsebenti | Lokucelwako | Lokusekelwa yimphendvulo lelungile |
|---|---|---|
| Kwati | Kukhomba noma kubona ligama nobe inchazelo | Lwati lolwemukelako ngaphansi kwalombuto |
| Kukhumbula ngekucondziswa noma kukhipha | Kukhumbula indlela yekubita nobe inchazelo kusetjentiswa umkhombandlela | Kukhumbula lokucinile ngaphansi kwalowo msebenti |
| Kukhuluma ngokuzenzakalela | Kukhetsa nekusho lulwimi esimeni salo | Indlela yekwenta lebandzakanya silulumagama nemanye emakhono |
Luhlolo lwaWebb lwasebentisa tindlela tekutolika letifanako tekwemukela nekukhipha, lwase lubala timphendvulo ngekwehlukana kwelizinga lelwati. Umphumela walo awusho silinganiso lesingaguquki sesilulumagama lesisebentako nalesingasebenti. Ikakhulu, kwehlukanisa kubala lwati loluyincenye nelugcwele kukhombisa kutsi loko lokutsatfwa njengekwati ligama kuyayishintja indlela lubonakala ngayo lizinga lemehluko. Webb, 2008
Kungani kubona ligama kungabonakala kulula
Umbuto ungakunika lwati lolungekho emsebentini wekukhumbula ngaphandle kwelusito. Laufer naGoldstein bahlukanisa lwati lwesilulumagama ngekucinile kwalo nangendlela yekuluhlola, lokufaka ekhatsi kubona nekukhumbula. Lendlela isita kuchaza kutsi kukhetsa inchazelo loyatiko akufani nekukhipha ligama ngekushesha nasikhuluma. Laufer et al., 2004
Bukhulu besilulumagama buphindze buncike ekutheni kubalwa ini. Luhlolo lolukhulu lwesilulumagama sesiNgisi lwehlukanisa tinhlobo temagama labhaliwe, ema-lemma nemacembu emagama lasisekelo. Kwati tinhlobo letinyenti teligama lelishintjile akusho kutsi kwati emayunithi emagama lehlukene lasisekelo ngesibalo lesifanako. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nagy et al., 1984
Silulumagama lesikhulu semukelako siyasita yini ekufundzeni?
Singenta kutsi umfundi akwati kufinyelela lokunyenti embhalweni, kepha kuhlanganiswa kwemagama lakwatiko akusiso silinganiso lesiphelele sekucondza. Nation uhlatiya kutsi mangaki emacembu emagama lasisekelo afaka ekhatsi imibhalo lebhaliwe nalekhulunywako, kantsi Schmitt nalabanye batfola buhlobo lobuchubekako emkhatsini wemagama lakwatiko embhalweni nekuwucondza. Kute lushintjo lolutentakalelako lolusuka enanini lesilulumagama luye ekucondzeni lokuphelele. Nation, 2006 SCHMITT et al., 2011
Yini letsintsa loku?
Kungani kufanele sichaze kahle kuhlangana nemagama nekutilolonga
Luhlolo lwaWebb lwekuphindzaphindza lubuka kutsi kuhlangana neligama tikhatsi letinyenti kuyitsintsa njani imikhakha leyehlukene yelwati lweligama. Lusekela kwehlukanisa kufundza lokuyincenye nelwati lolugcwele; alusho kutsi kunesibalo lesisebenta kuto tonkhe timo setikhatsi tekuphindza lesenta ligama ngalinye litfolakale lapho ukhuluma ngokuzenzakalela. Bumatima beligama, simo nekutsi ufundza njani kusabalulekile. Webb, 2007
Luhlolo lwebukhulu besilulumagama lubika kuhlobana neminyaka nemfundvo, futsi lukhuluma ngekuhlangana lokwandza ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi njengenchazelo. Loko lokubonwe kuloluhlolo akukafaneli kubhalwe kabusha kube silinganiso sekutsi umuntfu ufundza emagama lamangaki ngelilanga noma kube setsembiso sekutsi kufundza lokulinganisiwe kutawukhulisa silulumagama lesisebentako ngenani lelimisiwe. Brysbaert et al., 2016
Kutsiwani ngeminyaka, bulili nelulwimi?
Kwehlukanisa emkhatsini wekwati ligama nekulikhipha kuyasebenta endleleni lokwakhiwe ngayo imisebenti, kepha tifundvo tebafundzi letibaluliwe atinikezi silinganiso lesisebenta kuto tonkhe timo lesilungiswe ngeminyaka noma bulili. Kutsi lulwimi lwekucala yini, lizinga lekwati lulwimi nesampula yemagama letsite kuyayishintja indlela yekuhumusha umphumela. Tilinganiso sesiNgisi akukafaneli tisetjentiswe tingakashintji kuletinye tilwimi letinemagama lakheka ngetindlela letehlukene nemigomo yekubala leyehlukene. Webb, 2008 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Lizinga lekufundza nalo liyahluka kuye ngelwati lwelulwimi nenjongo. Umphumela wekufundza kancane noma kungakhulumi ngekutetsemba ngeke kuchazwe ngalokuphelele ngesilinganiso sinye nje sebukhulu besilulumagama. Kucondza nekukhipha emavi kudzinga neminye imisebenti yekucubungula lwati. Brysbaert, 2019 SCHMITT et al., 2011
Yini longayilinganisa ngendlela lebonakalako?
Sebentisa umsebenti lofanele lombuto wakho. Luhlolo lwekwati emagama lungalandzelela kutsi uyawabona yini emagama ngaphansi kwemibuto yalo; kuhlola kukhipha emagama kuyadzingeka kuze kubonakale kutsi uyakhona yini kuwakhumbula esimeni lesihloliwe. Kuze uqhathanise loku kokubili, lokucuketfwe kufanele kufanane nemitsetfo yekubala ichazwe ngalokucacile. Laufer et al., 2004 Webb, 2008
Kutilolonga kukhumbula emagama kungasita uma umgomo wakho kukhumbula, kepha letifundvo atinikezi luhlelo lelicinisekisiwe lwekukhuluma ngekukhululeka. Umphumela wetsembekile kuba ncono esicini lesishiwo selwati lweligama, hhayi kucinisekisa kutsi silinganiso sinye selwati lolwemukelako simelela konkhe longakusho, longakucondza noma longakukhumbula. Webb, 2007 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Zama luhlolo lwamahhala loluhlobene naloku
Luhlolo lwesilulumagama
Zama luhlolo lwesilulumagama njengemsebenti wekwati emagama, ufundze nendlela yekubala nekuchaza imiphumela yalo. Alikali sonkhe silulumagama sakho lesisebentako nawukhuluma futsi alibikezeli silinganiso lesingaguquki emkhatsini wekwati nekukhipha emagama.
Imibuto lejwayelekile
Silulumagama lesingasebenti sihlala siphindvwe kabili yini kunalesisebentako?
Kute silinganiso lesisebenta kuto tonkhe timo lesisunguliwe. Mehluko lobonakalako uyashintja kuye ngemagama, indlela yekuhlola nelizinga lelwati lelidzingekako. Webb, 2008
Kwati ligama kusho kutsi ngilati ngalokuphelele yini?
Kukhombisa lwati loludzingwa ngulowo mbuto. Kukhumbula, kucondza inchazelo nendlela yekulisebentisa esimeni kungadzinga lwati lolwehlukile. Laufer et al., 2004
Silinganiso sesilulumagama singakubikezela yini kucondza lokufundvwako?
Singaniketa lwati lolusita kucondza, kepha emaphesenti emagama lamatako nekucondza kuyahambisana kodvwa akusito tilinganiso letifanako. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Imithombo
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Mangaki emagama lesiwatiko? Tilinganiso letisebentisekako tesayizi yesilulumagama kuye ngekuchazwa kweligama, lizinga lekungeniswa kwelulwimi neminyaka yemhlanganyeli.
- Nation (2006). Ngabe silulumagama lesingakanani lesidzingekako ekufundzeni nasekulaleleni?.
- Laufer et al. (2004). Kuhlola lwati lwesilulumagama: bukhulu, emandla kanye nekutivumelanisa nekhompyutha.
- Webb (2008). Bukhulu besilulumagama semagama latfolwako nalawo lasetjentiswako bafundzi be-L2.
- Webb (2007). Imiphumela yekuphindza elwatini lwesilulumagama.
- Nagy et al. (1984). Mangaki emagama esiNgisi lasetjentiswa etincwadzini tekufundza?.
- Brysbaert (2019). Mangaki emagama lesiwafundza ngeminithi? Kubuketa nekuhlatiya lokuhlangene kwelizinga lekufundza.
- SCHMITT et al. (2011). Silinganiso semagama latiwako embhalweni nekucondza lokufundvwako.
Caphuna leli khasi: Kungani ngikwati kubona emagama lengingeke ngiwasebentise nangikhuluma?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/ss/answers/receptive-vs-productive-vocabulary. CC BY 4.0.
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