Bufakazi lobubalulekile netinombolo
| Bufakazi lobuchazwe kulokubuyeketa | Umphumela | Umkhawulo |
|---|---|---|
| Bafundzi besiNgisi baHirai, licembu leliwucondza kahle kakhulu | 139 WPM | Bangetulu kwa-75% wemibuto bayiphendvula kahle |
| Sifundvo lesifanako, lelinye licembu | 61 WPM | Kucondza kwehlukile |
| Sifundvo senoveli lesibuka kukhuluma tilwimi letimbili, siDashi nesiNgisi | 17% kuhamba kancane ngesiL2 | Sibonelo lesitsite sebantfu labakhuluma tilwimi letimbili nemsebenti lotsite |
Lemiphumela ibikwa esigabeni salokubuyeketa lesimayelana nebafundzi labangasibo bantfu labakhuluma lulwimi lwekucala. Lokubuyeketa kusho ngalokucacile kutsi tibalo tesifundvo senoveli ativumeli kubalwa kwelinani le-WPM lelingacatsaniswa ngalokucondzile. Kubalulekile kugcina lomkhawulo: i-17% akukafaneli isetjentiswe njengesilinganiso sekulungisa lesisebenta kubo bonkhe bafundzi belulwimi. Brysbaert, 2019
Kungani likhono lelulwimi libaluleke kakhulu kuneluphawu lwe-L2
Kuba nelwati lwelulwimi lwesibili kushintja indlela emagama lacutshungulwa ngayo, lokufaka ekhatsi nekuva kutsi avama kangakanani. Sifundvo saWhitford naTitone sihlola lemiphumela ngekulandzelela kunyakata kwemehlo ngesikhathi kufundvwa tigaba tetindzaba. Ngako-ke, bantfu lababili labanalo lulwimi lwekucala nolwesibili lolufanako bangaba nemisebenti leyehlukene yekucubungula lulwimi, ngenca yekutsi sebesikhatsi lesingafani balusebentisa futsi banemakhono langafani. Whitford et al., 2012
Kwati silulumagama kuyingcenye yalendzaba. Tifundvo tekutsi umfundzi uyawati yini emagama tibuta kutsi mangaki emagama embhalweni lotsite lowatiwa ngumfundzi; kantsi tinombolo tesayizi yesilulumagama tiyehluka kuye ngekutsi kubalwa tinhlobo temagama, tinhloko temagama noma imindeni yemagama. Kubala emagama nje kuphela ngekwelinani akukwati kukhombisa kusukela kuko kuphela kutsi umuntfu utawufundza kahle yini yonkhe imibhalo. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Kungani i-WPM ingeke isetjentiswe kucatsanisa tilwimi ngalokucondzile
Tilwimi letehlukene tisebentisa tinombolo letehlukene temagama labhaliwe kuveza lwati lolucatsanisekako. Budze bemagama, kwakheka kwawo kanye netindlela tekubhala kutfinta lokubalwako. Ngako-ke, kubuyeketa kwesivinini sekufundza nekwekunyakata kwemehlo akusekeli kutsi i-WPM lephansi ngalenye lulwimi itsatfwe njengekuhlakanipha lokuphansi noma kucabanga lokuhamba kancane ngalokujwayelekile. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Yini letsintsa loku?
Kulukhuni kwemibhalo nemiyalo yemsebenti kuyawushintja umphumela
Kufundzela kutijabulisa, kufundzela kufundza kanye nekutfola lwati lolutsite yimisebenti leyehlukene. Tifundvo tekunyakata kwemehlo tikhombisa kutsi kulukhuni kwemagama netidzingo tekucondza kukutsintsa njani kubuka umbhalo. Indzaba leyatiwako kanye nesihloko lesingatiwa lesikhuluma ngetekuhlakanipha akukafaneli kutsatfwe njengekuhlola lokushintshaniseka kwesivinini sinye sekufundza lesingaguquki. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Kubuyela emuva kufundza kungasita umfundzi acedze kungabata. Bufakazi betivivinyo bekutsi kuvimbela kuphindza kufundza kulimata kucondza busikhumbuta kutsi kungafanele kutsatfwe konkhe kuma noma kubuyela emuva ku-L2 njengentfo lengasebenti kahle lekufanele icindzetelwe. Sikhatsi lesengeziwe singaba lusito ekucondzeni. Schotter et al., 2014
Kutilolonga kungawuvala yini umehluko?
Lokubuyeketa kusekela kubaluleka kwekuba nelwati lwelulwimi nekwati kubona emagama kahle, kodvwa akusho kutsi kunelinani lemahora lelivamile lelidzingekako kuze kufundvwe njengekufundza ngelulwimi lwekucala. Futsi letibonelo leticatsanisa tifundvo letehlukene atikwati kuniketa sibikezelo lesisebentako sekutilolonga ngekweminyaka nangebulili. Kutfutfuka kufanele kulinganiswe ngemisebenti lefanako nangaphansi kwetimo telulwimi letifanako. Rayner et al., 2016 Whitford et al., 2012
Sebentisa imibhalo lengatiwa lefanele, uhlole kucondza, futsi ubhale phansi lulwimi nenjongo yesikhatsi ngasinye lesilinganiswako. Kufundza umbhalo lolula ngekushesha kungaba lusito, kodvwa kukodvwa akukhombisi kutsi likhono lekufundza lenyuke ngalelinani lelifanako embhalweni lolukhuni kakhulu. Kucatsanisa lokunenjongo kugcina kulukhuni nenjongo kucishe kufane. Brysbaert, 2019 Nation, 2006
Ngako-ke, imphendvulo lesebentako iluhla lwemiphumela lengenteka, hhayi siphindzaphindzi sinye. Imiphumela leshicilelwe ya-139, 61 ne-17% ikhombisa kutsi labahlolwako nemsebenti kubaluleke kangakanani. Kufanele isite kucondza kwehluka, ingakhi umkhawulo lomusha lovamile kubo bonkhe bafundzi. Brysbaert, 2019
Zama luhlolo lwamahhala loluhlobene naloku
Luhlolo lwejubane lekufundza
Zama luhlolo lwejubane lekufundza ngelulwimi lolwalucondzako, uphendvule nemibuto yekucondza. Gcina imiphumela yetilwimi letehlukene ihlukene. Tinombolo telucwaningo lwesiNgisi tisinika umongo kuphela; atikakulinganisi likhono lakho ngelulwimi lwakho noma i-IQ yakho.
Imibuto lejwayelekile
Kuvamile yini kutsi ngifundze nge-L2 ngejubane lelinguhhafu?
Letifundvo atibeki silinganiso semuntfu ngamunye lesingakhombisa kutsi akuvamile. Likhono, kubulukhuni bembhalo nenhloso yemsebenti kwehluka kakhulu, ngako asikwati kufinyelela kuleso siphetfo. Brysbaert, 2019
Ngingacatsanisa i-WPM yesiNgisi neyalenye lulwimi?
Kufanele unake kutsi emayunithi labhaliwe kanye nelwati loluvetwa ligama ngalinye kuyehluka. I-WPM yodvwa ayikavumeli kucatsanisa lokungatsatseli eceleni lulwimi. Brysbaert, 2019
Kufanele ngitiphocelele kuyekela kuphindza ngifundze?
Cha, ungacabangi kutsi kubuyela embhalweni kuhlale kulimata. Kuphindza kufundza kungasita kucondza; loku kufanele kuhlolwe kanye nejubane. Schotter et al., 2014
Imithombo
- Brysbaert (2019). Mangaki emagama lesiwafundza ngemzuzu? Kuhlatiya nekuhlanganisa kwelizinga lekufundza.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Kuningi kakhulu lokufanele kufundvwe, sikhatsi sincane kakhulu.
- Rayner (1998). Kuhamba kwemehlo ngesikhatsi kufundvwa nekucondza lwati: iminyaka lengu-20 yelucwaningo.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Kuhamba kwemehlo ngesikhatsi kufundvwa nekucondza lwati: lifa leminyaka lengu-40 laKeith Rayner.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Kufundza lulwimi lwesibili kushintja imiphumela yekuvama kwemagama elulwimini lwekucala nolwesibili: bufakazi obuvela ekulandzelelweni kwekuhamba kwemehlo nakufundvwa tigaba tembhalo letivamile.
- Nation (2006). Kudingeka silulumagama lesikhulu kangakanani kuze kufundvwe nekulalelwe?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Ungakukholwa loko lofundza kanye kuphela.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Mangaki emagama lesiwatiko? Kulinganisela lokusebentisekako kwebungako besilulumagama kuye ngenchazelo yeligama, lizinga lekuva lulwimi kanye neminyaka yalofundzako.
Caphuna leli khasi: Kufundza ngelulwimi lwesibili kuhamba kancane kangakanani?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/ss/answers/reading-speed-in-a-second-language. CC BY 4.0.
← Hlola letinye timphendvulo