Bufakazi lobubalulekile netinombolo
| Emagama lowatiko embhalweni | Emagama langatiwa endzabeni yemagama langu-300 | Inchazelo |
|---|---|---|
| 90% | 30 | Kubala lokukhombisa nje |
| 95% | 15 | Cishe ligama linye lelingatiwa emagameni langu-20 |
| 98% | 6 | Cishe ligama linye lelingatiwa emagameni langu-50 |
Lelithebula libala ematokeni embhalweni; akusilo luhlolo lwekucondza. Itokeni kuvela kanye embhalweni: kuvela lokuphindvwako kweligama linye lelingatiwa kubalwa njalo. Imindeni yemagama iyunithi leyehlukile lesetjentiselwa kuchaza bukhulu besilulumagama. Kuphambanisa lamayunithi kwenta imfuneko ibonakale icondze kakhulu kodvwa idukise. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Isukela kuphi lelinganiso lema-8,000–9,000?
Nation wasebentisa luhlu lwemindeni yemagama loluhlelwe ngekutsi livama kangakanani kuhlola kutsi mangaki emagama emibhalweni nasenkulumeni yesiNgisi. Siphetfo sinemibandzela: nangabe kucondza ngaphandle kwekusitwa kudzinga cishe 98% wemagama embhalweni, tintfo letibhaliwe letahlolwa tidzinga cishe lobo bukhulu besilulumagama. Emagama ebantfu netindzawo kanye nendlela kubalwa ngayo tinhlobo temagama latahlobene kuyincenye yalokuhlatiya, akusiyo imininingwane lengashiywa lapho kubekwa umgomo wekufundza wabo bonkhe. Nation, 2006
Lolunye lucwaningo lwekubala silulumagama lukhombisa kutsi emagama lasuka empandzeni yinye, imindeni yawo netindlela letibhaliwe kunganiketa tinombolo letehluke kakhulu. Imindeni lengu-8,000 ayifani ngco nemiphumela yeluhlolo lekhombisa emagama lasuka empandzeni yinye langu-8,000, futsi akusilo libalo lawo onkhe emagama esiNgisi. Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nagy et al., 1984
Ngabe 98% ngumngcele wemlingo wekucondza?
Schmitt, Jiang naGrabe bahlola bahlanganyeli labangu-661 labavela emaveni lasiphohlongo, basebentisa imibhalo lemibili. Batfola kutsi kuhlobana emkhatsini wemagama lowatiko nekucondza kwakuhamba kancane kancane, kungabi nendzawo lecijile lapho kucondza kuvele kuphelele. Imiphumela yabo isekela 98% njengemgomo lowusito wekufundza imibhalo yetemfundvo, hhayi njengesivalo lesithi kungenteka konkhe noma kungenzeki lutfo. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Yini letsintsa loku?
Kungani tincwadzi tehluka
Indzaba leyatiwako, incwadzi yetifundvo yesifundvo lesikhetsekile kanye nendzaba yesikhatsi lesendlulile kusebentisa silulumagama lesingafani futsi kucabangele lwati lolungafani lolunalo umfundi. Lesilinganiso semagama embhalweni asisusi luhlelo lwelulwimi, kucabangela lokushiwo ngungco noma lwati lwesifundvo ekucondzeni. Lucwaningo lwejubane lekufundza nalo lukhombisa kutsi kuhamba emagameni nekuwacondza kuyimiphumela leyehlukene. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert, 2019
Lwati lwekuva nekubona ligama lubalulekile ekucaleni kucondza umbhalo, kodvwa umfundi angalati ligama ngalokungakapheleli. Tifundvo letehlukanisa kubona, kukhumbula nekusebentisa ligama tikhombisa kutsi kumaka ligama njengalelatiwako akusho kutsi uyakhona kutfola tonkhe tinchazelo talo endzabeni. Laufer et al., 2004 Webb, 2008
Ungacala kufundza unemagama lambalwa?
Yebo: lesilinganiso sikhuluma ngemagama lacondzekako ngaphandle kwekusitwa kuleto tintfo letahlolwa, asiniketi imvume yekufundza. Tintfo letilula, lusito kanye nemigomo leyehlukene yekufundza kuyayishintja lendzaba. Umfundi losebentisa sichazamagama wenta umsebenti lowehlukile kunalowo lofundza ngaphandle kwekusitwa. Linani kufanele lisite ekukhetseni tintfo tekufundza, lingakudvumati kutsi ulindze kufundza kuze luhlolo lufinyelele enanini lelitsite. Nation, 2006
Kuhlangana neligama kaningi kungakhulisa tincenye letehlukene telwati lwalo, kodvwa lucwaningo lwekuphindzaphindza aluniketi linani lelivumelekile kubo bonkhe lekubona ligama ngaphambi kwekutsi ulati ngalokuphelele. Landzelela kucondza kwakho kanye nelusito loludzingako, kunekucabanga kutsi linani lelingaguquki lemagama lamasha lawabonile lisho kutsi sewufundza kahle. Webb, 2007
Kutsiwani ngeminyaka, bulili nangeletinye tilwimi?
Loku kuhlatiya kuhlanganiswa kwemagama embhalweni wesiNgisi; akusilo lizinga lelikhombisa likhono ngeminyaka noma bulili. Letinye tilwimi tibala tinhlobo temagama nemindeni yawo ngetindlela letehlukile, futsi tinhlobo letehlukene temibhalo tidzinga silulumagama lesingafani. Kusebentisa lelinani kuto tonkhe tilwimi ungakacali uhlole lamayunithi kungasho bufakazi lobungetulu kwalobo lobukhona. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Umbuto losita ekuphileni kwansuku tonkhe ngulona: ucondza incwadzi kangakanani usebentisa lusito lolukhetsile? Luhlolo lwekubona emagama lunganiketa umongo, kodvwa luhlolo lolufishane lwekucondza kuloko lofundzako luhlobene kakhulu nalowo mgomo kunesilinganiso sinye sesilulumagama sabo bonkhe. SCHMITT et al., 2011 Laufer et al., 2004
Zama luhlolo lwamahhala loluhlobene naloku
Luhlolo lwesilulumagama
Zama luhlolo lwesilulumagama kuhlola kubona emagama esiNgisi, bese ucabangela incwadzi lofuna kuyifundza nekutsi ucondza kangakanani. Umphumela walo awusiso sitifiketi sekutsi yonkhe imibhalo itawufundzeka kuwe, futsi indlela yekubala kufanele ifane naleyo yekucatsanisa nemiphumela leshicilelwe.
Imibuto lejwayelekile
Imindeni yemagama lengu-8,000 iyafana yini nemagama langu-8,000?
Akufani kuyo yonkhe indlela yekubala. Umndeni uhlanganisa tinhlobo temagama letihlobene, kantsi ligama lelisuka empandzeni yinye noma indlela lelibhalwe ngayo kuyiyunithi leyehlukile. Brysbaert et al., 2016
Ngabe 98% wemagama embhalweni kusho 98% wekucondza?
Cha. Kubalwa kuhlanganisa kuvela kwemagama lowatiko; kucondza kusho kuwuva umbhalo. Letintfo letimbili atifani. SCHMITT et al., 2011
Kufanele ngilindze ngite ngiwati onkhe lawo magama?
Lokuhlatiya kukhuluma ngemagama lacondzekako ngaphandle kwekusitwa etintfweni letitsite. Akusiwo umtsetfo lovimbela kufundza ngekusitwa noma kufundza tincwadzi letilula letingaphansi kwalelo nani. Nation, 2006
Imithombo
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Mangaki emagama lesiwatiko? Tilinganiso letisebentisekako tesayizi yesilulumagama kuye ngekutsi ligama lichazwa njani, lizinga lekuhlangana nelulwimi kanye neminyaka yemhlanganyeli.
- Nation (2006). Sidinga silulumagama lesingakanani kuze sifundze siphindze silalele?.
- Laufer et al. (2004). Kuhlola lwati lwesilulumagama: bukhulu, kujula kanye nekuvumelana nekhompyutha.
- Webb (2008). Bukhulu besilulumagama lesatiwa nekuveta emagama kubafundzi belulwimi lwesibili (L2).
- Webb (2007). Imiphumela yekuphindza elwatini lwesilulumagama.
- Nagy et al. (1984). Mangaki emagama esiNgisi latawutfolakala etincwadzini tekufundza esikolweni?.
- Brysbaert (2019). Mangaki emagama lesiwafundza ngeliminithi? Kubuketa nekuhlatiya lokuhlanganisiwe kwelizinga lekufundza.
- SCHMITT et al. (2011). Tincenye temagama latatiwako embhalweni nekuwucondza nawufundza.
Caphuna leli khasi: Kufanele wati emagama lamangaki kuze ufundze incwadzi ngesiNgisi?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/ss/answers/how-many-words-to-read-a-book. CC BY 4.0.
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