Bufakazi lobubalulekile netinombolo
| Sibonelo | Lokugucukako | Lokungaphethwa ngako |
|---|---|---|
| Kwehlukanisa emadijithi langu-12 abe ngemacembu la-4 lanemadijithi la-3 | Indlela yekuwabona ihlelwa ngemacembu | Kutsi wonkhe umuntfu angakhumbula loluhlelo |
| Kubona iphethini loyijwayele | Lwati lolukhona lunganciphisa umsebenti wekufaka enkumbulweni | Kutsi luphawu ngalunye luhlala endzaweni yalo leyimele yodvwa |
| Licala lekuceceshwa kusuka ku-7 kuya ku-79 | Kukhumbula emadijithi ngemuva kwekutilolonga kakhulu | Emandla enkumbulo yesikhashana lajwayelekile alizinga letintfo leti-79 |
Umugca wekucala usibonelo sekuhlukanisa ngemacembu, awusilo lizinga lelikaliwe lemthamo wenkhumbulo. Wesitsatfu usibonelo sekutilolonga kakhulu lesibhalwe ephepheni lekucala. Kuleso sifundvo, umhlanganyeli wasebentisa lwati lwetikhatsi tekugijima kanye nendlela lehlelekile yekubuyisa lwati. Leliphepha liphindze libike kutsi lelikhono alizange lidluliseleke nakushintjwa lokufundvwako kube bongwaca, lokubalulekile ekuchazeni umphumela lomangalisako wetinombolo. Ericsson et al., 1980
Yini licembu lenkhumbulo?
Licembu lenkhumbulo liyunithi lelifakwe enkumbulweni, kodvwa alisho inombolo lengashintji yetinhlamvu letibonakalako. Kuwusita kwalo kuya ngaloko umfundi lakwatiko nalendlela loluhlelo lolwakheke ngayo. Ingcoco yaMiller ngekuhlela kabusha kanye nemsebenti waMathy naFeldman ngekufinyeta lwati kukhombisa kutsi kubala tintfo letingakahlungwa kungadukisa nangabe takhiwo tato tingafani. Miller, 1956 Mathy et al., 2012
Indlela yaCowan yemthamo lomncane ihlola timo letivimbela kuphindza lokusengcondvweni kanye nelwati lwesikhatsi lesidze. Umuntfu losebentisa emacembu lanencazelo emdlalweni wetinombolo wetinsuku tonkhe akusho kutsi usebenta ngaphansi kwaleyo mikhawulo. Lemiphumela lemibili ayiphikisani ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi ngobe emayunithi netindlela letivumelekile kwehlukile. Cowan, 2001
Kuhlanganisa ngemacembu kuyafana yini nekuphindza?
Kuphindza kugcina lwati lusasebenta engcondvweni; kuhlanganisa ngemacembu kushintja indlela lwati lolumelelwa noma loluhlelwa ngayo. Kungasebenta kanyekanye, kodvwa akusiyo inqubo yinye. Imfundziso yenkhumbulo lesebentako yehlukanisa kugcina lokwesikhashana naletinye tinchubo tekulawula, kanye nelusito lwelwati lwesikhatsi lesidze. Baddeley, 2012
Yini letsintsa loku?
Kufanele ulindzele kutfutfuka lokungakanani?
Umphumela wa-7 kuya ku-79 ungelicala linye lelingavamile lelidzinga kutilolonga kakhulu; awusilo lizinga lelisetjentiswa kubo bonkhe bantfu futsi awusilo luhlelo lwekucecesha lwabo bonkhe. Ubufakazi bekutsi kuhlela lokufundziwe kungawushintja kakhulu umphumela wemsebenti, kodvwa abuniketi sisekelo lesinyenti sekubikelela kutsi umuntfu ngamunye utawugcine akhumbula tinombolo letingakhi. Kungadluliseli ekhono lebanzi kubaluleke njengalowo mphumela lomkhulu. Ericsson et al., 1980
Imiphumela leshicilelwe yekukhumbula tinombolo iphinde incike kumtsetfo wekutsi kufanele ume nini. Esifundvweni lesikhulu sekulalela, linani lelikhulu lelifinyelelwe kanye nemphumela wesilinganiso sendlela yakadzeni bekunemikhawulo leyehlukene kubahlanganyeli labafananako. Ngako-ke, kucatsanisa emasu kufanele kugcine indlela yekwethula naleyo yekukala ifana, kunekuhlanganisa kuphumelela lokukhulu lokwentiwe kanye nemphumela wekucala lokalwe ngalenye indlela. Woods et al., 2010
Yini lokufanele uyetame?
Kute ucale kucatsanisa ngendlela lengakahleleki, ncuma kutsi utawuhlanganisa yini emadijithi ngemacembu, usebentise indlela lefanako kuko konkhe kutama lokungacatsaniswa, futsi urekhode lushintjo nangabe usebentisa indlela lensha. Lucwaningo lwekufinyeta lwati lusekela kubaluleka kwesakhiwo; alufakazeli kutsi lilingana lelicembu lisebenta kubo bonkhe noma alucinisekisi kutsi indlela letsite yekusita kukhumbula itawusita kulo lonkhe luhlelo. Mathy et al., 2012
Sebentisa lwati lolusha longakalufundzi nangabe uhlola kutsi leli su lisebenta yini nangale kwesibonelo lesesivele usikhumbula. Lucwaningo lwetindlela tekukala inkumbulo lugcizelela kutsi inqubo ihambisane naloko lokukalwako. Likhono lelifundziwe liyasita, kodvwa kufanele lichazwe njengalelo khono, lingabitwa ngekutsi lukhulise emandla engcondvo wonkhe. Conway et al., 2005
Ekugcineni, kute indlela lecinisekisiwe yekuguqula umphumela wetinombolo letihlanganiswe ngemacembu ube lizinga le-N-back noma le-IQ. Luhlatiyo lolukhulu lolucatsanisa luhlolo lwenkumbulo nelwe-N-back lukhombisa kutsi ngisho nemisebenti lefakwa ngaphansi kweligama linye lenkumbulo lesebentako ayishintjaniswa. Redick et al., 2013
Zama luhlolo lwamahhala loluhlobene naloku
Luhlolo lwenkhumbulo yetinombolo
Tama luhlolo lwenkhumbulo yetinombolo, bese ubhala phansi indlela yakho yekuhlanganisa emadijithi ngemacembu. Nawucatsanisa tindlela, gcina indlela yekukhombisa nekukala ifana. Umphumela lophakeme ukhombisa kukhumbula kancono ngaphansi kwaleto timo; awufakazeli kutsi kuhlakanipha kwakho sekukhule ngalokujwayelekile.
Imibuto lejwayelekile
Kuhlanganisa ngemacembu kuyayinyusa yini inombolo yetindzawo tenkhumbulo?
Kungashintja lwati lolumelelwa yiyunithi. Ubufakazi abudzingi kutsi kukhule ngalokufanako linani lelimisiwe letindzawo tenkhumbulo letijwayelekile. Cowan, 2001 Mathy et al., 2012
Ngitawukhona yini kufinyelela ku-79 wemadijithi?
Umphumela wekucala wawuvela kumhlanganyeli munye lowaticecesha kakhulu, awusiyo imphumela lejwayelekile noma setsembiso. Ericsson et al., 1980
Kungani tinombolo letijwayelekile tibonakala tilula?
Lwati lolukhona lungasita ekuhleleni kabusha nekubuyisa luhlelo engcondvweni. Ngulenye yetintfo letihlolwa lucwaningo lwekuhlanganisa ngemacembu. Miller, 1956 Mathy et al., 2012
Imithombo
- Woods et al. (2010). Kutfutfukisa kuhlolwa kwenkhumbulo yesikhashana yemagama ngekulinganisa tinombolo letikhunjulwako.
- Cowan (2001). Inombolo yemilingo lengu-4 enkumbulweni yesikhashana: Kucubungula kabusha umthamo wekugcina lwati engcondvweni.
- Miller (1956). Inombolo yemilingo lengu-7, kwenezele noma kususwe 2: Eminye imikhawulo yemandla etfu ekucubunguleni lwati..
- Baddeley (2012). Inkumbulo Lesebentako: Imfundziso, Tinhlobo, Netinkhinga.
- Conway et al. (2005). Imisebenti yekukala umthamo wenkumbulo lesebentako: Kubuyeketwa kwendlela kanye nencwadzi yekuyisebentisa.
- Redick et al. (2013). Tilinganiso temisebenti yenkumbulo lesebentako ye-complex span ne-N-back: Luhlatiyo lolukhulu.
- Ericsson et al. (1980). Kutfola Likhono Lenkhumbulo.
- Mathy et al. (2012). Yini leyenta tinombolo temlingo tibe temlingo? Kuhlanganisa ngemacembu nekufinyeta lwati enkumbulweni yesikhashana.
Caphuna leli khasi: Kukusita njani kuhlanganisa tinombolo ngemacembu kutsi ukhumbule letinyenti?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/ss/answers/chunking-and-number-memory. CC BY 4.0.
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