Bufakazi lobubalulekile netinombolo
| Umphumela ekuhlatiyweni lokuhlanganisa kwebantfu labadzala | Silinganiso | Inchazelo leyibekako |
|---|---|---|
| Licembu lelisho umsebenti wekuvimbela ku-Stroop | Hedges' g = 0.12 | Ngaphambi kwekulungisa kuchema ekushicileleni |
| Sikhawu salo sekuetsemba lesingu-95% | 0.03 kuya ku-0.20 | Umehluko lomncane lohlanganisiwe emkhatsini wemacembu |
| Siphetfo sisonkhe ngemva kwekulungisa kuchema | Akukho bufakazi lobusekela inzuzo lehlelekile | Akusho kutsi bonkhe bantfu bafana ncamashi |
Silinganiso lesicondzene ne-Stroop sikuThebula 3. Ngumehluko lolinganisiwe, hhayi kusebenta lokuncono ngo-12% noma litfuba lemuntfu ngamunye. Umphumela lomncane longakalungiswa wethebula kanye nesiphetfo seliphepha lesilungiswe ngekubuka kuchema kumele kufundvwe kanyekanye; kukhetsa lelo nani lelihle kuphela kungayimelela kabi lendzawo yekubuyeketa. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Kungani kwacatjangwa kutsi kunenzuzo?
Kulawula lulwimi lolungetulu kwalolunye kuniketa sizatfu lesivakalako sekufundza kulawula kucabanga. Kodvwa tindlela leticatjangwako tidzinga bufakazi lobucondzile. Umsebenti wetivivinyo waPaap naGreenberg ungabata kutsi imisebenti leminingana yekulawula ingcondvo iniketa yini bufakazi lobuhambisanako benzuzo yekukhuluma tilwimi letimbili, kunekutsi sicabange kutsi lebito lefanako lisho kutsi imiphumela yayo iyalingana. Paap et al., 2013
Luhlolo lwe-Stroop nalo lunetincenye letinyenti. Emagama, imibala, indlela yekuphendvula kanye nendlela yekucatsanisa kunemtselela endleleni kubalwa ngayo umphumela. Kubuyeketa kwaMacLeod kanye nekubuyeketa kwesilinganiso semtholampilo kukhombisa kutsi kungani luhlolo lungeke lutsatfwe njengemitha lephelele yekulawula lengatsintseki lulwimi. MacLeod, 1991 Scarpina et al., 2017
Lulwimi lweluhlolo lunendzaba yini?
Ligama lelibhaliwe lingaphatamisa kuphela ngekusebentisa tindlela letisebenta engcondvweni yalofundzako. Umsebenti wekucala ukhombisa kubaluleka kwekuphendvula ngemlomo ngendlela lejwayelekile, kantsi kubuyeketa kuchaza umehluko emkhatsini wetindlela letehlukene teluhlolo. Loko kusekela kugcina lulwimi netimo tekuphendvula kufana; akuniketi sibalo sinye sekulungisa kulabo labakhuluma tilwimi letimbili. Stroop, 1935 MacLeod, 1991
Yini letsintsa loku?
Umehluko wemacembu awusho kutsi umuntfu ngamunye unjani
Ngisho nome kubonakala umehluko lomncane emkhatsini wemacembu, kusengaba nekuhambelana lokukhulu kwemiphumela yawo, futsi loko akuchazi kutsi kungani umphumela wemuntfu munye ushintjile. Luhlolo lolukhuluma ngendzabakwenta kutsi imisebenti leminyenti yakudala ivame kungatsembeki kakhulu ekuhleleni bantfu ngabanye, nakuba imiphumela yayo yekuhlola icina. Luhlolo lolufisha lolwentiwa esipheqululini alukwati kubeka kutsi ngukuphi lokuhlangenwe nako ngelulwimi lokubangele umphumela. Hedge et al., 2017
Luhlatiyo lwetifundvo tebantfu labadzala alubeki imikhuba yemiphumela ye-Stroop yebantfu labakhuluma tilwimi letimbili lecinisekisiwe kuwo onkhe emabanga eminyaka noma leyehlukene ngebulili. Siphetfo salo akukafanele sisetjentiswe ngekushesha kubantfwana, kuto tonkhe tinhlanganisela tetilwimi, noma kuto tonkhe tinchazelo tekuba nelwati lwetilwimi letimbili. Licembu lelehlukile lidinga bufakazi balo lobufanele. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Kungani kulinganisa nekulungisa kubalulekile
Sikhatsi lesilinganiswa esipheqululini siyashiyana ngemishini lehlukene, kantsi nekubalwa kwe-Stroop kuyehluka kuye ngeluhlobo lweluhlolo. Umsebenti wekuhlatiya imiphumela yemtholampilo ukhombisa kutsi indlela yekubala kuphatamiseka ingashintja bungako bemiphumela lebonakalako emkhatsini wemacembu. Lesi sicwayiso lesijwayelekile ngekulinganisa, asibufakazi bekutsi kukhuluma tilwimi letimbili kusimo semtholampilo. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Lansbergen et al., 2007
Yini longayicaphela ngekwenta luhlolo?
Sebentisa luhlolo njengendlela yekubona kutsi kwentekani uma lwati lweligama nombala lungavumelani. Nawucatsanisa imiphumela yakho yalokwehlukene, gcina lulwimi, umshini, indlela yekuphendvula kanye nendlela yekubala kufana. Fundza linani lemphendvulo lengalungile kanye nesikhatsi sekuphendvula kanyekanye, futsi ungatsatsi lushintjo njengobufakazi benzuzo lenkhulu yekukhuluma tilwimi letimbili. Scarpina et al., 2017 Hedge et al., 2017
Bufakazi abuphikisani nekufundza tilwimi, futsi abetsembisi kutsi kwenta njalo kutawukhulisa emandla engcondvo. Buphendvula umbuto lomncane kakhulu: tincwadzi leticashuniwe tebantfu labadzala atinikezi kusekelwa lokucinile kwenzuzo leyetayelekile yekulawula ingcondvo ngemva kwekubuka kuchema ekushicileleni. Emakhono lacondzene nelulwimi kanye nenzuzo yekukhuluma nalabanye ngelulwimi lolwehlukile yimiphumela leyehlukile. Lehtonen et al., 2018 Paap et al., 2013
Zama luhlolo lwamahhala loluhlobene naloku
Luhlolo lwe-Stroop
Zama luhlolo lwe-Stroop ngelulwimi lolulwako, futsi uhlale usebentisa lolulwimi lunye nawulandzela imiphumela. Alukwati kubeka kutsi umlando wakho wekuhlangabetana netilwimi nguye yini lobangele umphumela wakho noma kukunika inzuzo yekucabanga yekukhuluma tilwimi letimbili.
Imibuto lejwayelekile
Ngabe g = 0.12 kusho kusebenta kancono ngo-12%?
Cha. Ngumehluko lolinganisiwe emkhatsini wetilinganiso, futsi lesilinganiso lesitsite sithathwe ngaphambi kwekulungiswa kwekuchema. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Ngabe lokubuyeketa kufakazela kutsi kute umuntfu lokhuluma tilwimi letimbili lotfola inzuzo?
Cha. Kuswelakala kwebufakazi lobucinile besilinganiso semphakatsi akusho kutsi wonkhe umuntfu noma timo tonkhe kuyafana. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Ngabe umphumela wami ungaveta kutsi ngikhuluma tilwimi letimbili ngempela yini?
Cha. Kusebenta ku-Stroop akusiyo indlela yekuhlukanisa bantfu ngemlandvo wabo wetilwimi, futsi akusilo luhlolo loluvunyelwe lwekwati tilwimi letimbili. MacLeod, 1991 Scarpina et al., 2017
Imithombo
- Lehtonen et al. (2018). Ngabe kukhuluma tilwimi letimbili kuhlobene yini nekukhula kwekulawula ingcondvo kubantfu labadzala? Kubuyeketa lokuhlatiya imiphumela lehlanganisiwe..
- Paap et al. (2013). Abukho bufakazi lobuhambisanako benzuzo yekukhuluma tilwimi letimbili ekusebentiseni ingcondvo yekulawula.
- MacLeod (1991). Inkhulungwane yekucala yeminyaka yelucwaningo ngemphumela we-Stroop: Kubuyeketa lokuhlanganisako..
- Scarpina et al. (2017). Luhlolo lwe-Stroop lwemibala nemagama.
- Stroop (1935). Tifundvo ngekuphatamiseka ekuphendvuleni ngemlomo lokulandelanako..
- Hedge et al. (2017). Indida yekwetsembeka: Kungani imisebenti yengcondvo lecinile inganiketi umehluko lowetsembekile emkhatsini webantfu.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Kuciniseka nekuba nemphumela lokungoko kwetinkundla tekucwaninga letiku-inthanethi, tiphequluli kanye nemishini.
- Lansbergen et al. (2007). Kuphatamiseka kwe-Stroop nekungakhoni kunaka nekusebenta kakhulu: Kubuyeketa nekuhlatiya imiphumela lehlanganisiwe..
Caphuna leli khasi: Bantfu labakhuluma tilwimi letimbili benta kancono yini eluhlolweni lwe-Stroop?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/ss/answers/bilingualism-and-stroop-performance. CC BY 4.0.
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