ᱢᱩᱬ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱠᱚ
| ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ | ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ |
|---|---|
| ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱢᱟᱣᱟ | ᱥᱟᱹᱛᱟᱹᱢ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ; ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱟ |
| ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ | ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱟ |
| ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱫᱟ | ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ |
| ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ WPM ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ | ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ |
ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ, ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱩᱠᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱟ᱾ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱨᱯᱷᱚᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱮᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ᱾ Rayner et al., 2016
ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱟ
ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱢᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱟᱣᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱴᱨᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱟ᱾ Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Schotter ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ Schotter et al., 2014
ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟ
ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱷᱤᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱴᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱤᱡ ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ᱾ Whitford et al., 2012 Brysbaert et al., 2016
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱥᱮᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ?
ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ?
ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱩᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱡ ᱩᱫᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱞ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱟ᱾ Rayner et al., 2016
ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱧᱟᱢᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ, ᱡᱮᱸᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱥᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱪᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾ Brysbaert, 2019
ᱵᱚᱱᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱫᱚᱞ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ?
ᱩᱫᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ, ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱚᱭ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱫ; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱨᱟᱱᱴᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱷ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱥ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱛᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ᱾ Rayner et al., 2016 Nation, 2006
ᱟᱢ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱚᱞᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱟᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱯᱚᱫᱫᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ WPM ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱞ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱟ᱾ Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱡᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱥᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾ Rayner et al., 2016 CLIFTON et al., 2015
ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱱᱫᱷᱤᱛ ᱢᱩᱯᱷᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ
ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ
ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱵᱚᱱᱫ ᱯᱚᱫᱫᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱛᱚᱞᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ, ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ᱾
ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ
ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ?
ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ Rayner et al., 2016
ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱞᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱥᱮ?
ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱨᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ Schotter et al., 2014
ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮ?
ᱦᱚᱭ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱩᱫᱫᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ, ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱵᱩ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ᱾ Rayner et al., 2016
ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱶ
- Brysbaert (2019). ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ? ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱴᱟ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ.
- Rayner et al. (2016). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ, ᱚᱠᱛ ᱠᱚᱢ.
- Rayner (1998). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨ: ᱥᱚᱫᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 20 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨ: Keith Rayner ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 40 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ.
- Whitford et al. (2012). ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ: ᱱᱟᱹᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ.
- Nation (2006). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱧᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱥ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). ᱟᱵᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ? ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱞᱟᱹᱱ, ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱥᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱤᱡ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ.
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱨᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮ: ᱟᱢ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱮ?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/sat/answers/subvocalization-and-reading-speed. CC BY 4.0.
← ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱵᱟᱵ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ