ᱢᱩᱬ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱠᱚ
| ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ | ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱱ | ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹᱵᱚᱫᱫᱷᱚᱛᱟ |
|---|---|---|
| Hirai ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱨᱛᱷᱤ, ᱵᱮᱥ-ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱩᱴ | 139 WPM | 75% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱟ |
| ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱭᱚᱱ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ | 61 WPM | ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ |
| ᱰᱟᱪ-ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱭᱚᱱ | L2 ᱨᱮ 17% ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛ | ᱠᱷᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ |
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱤᱡᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱯᱚᱥᱴᱚ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱝᱠᱷᱭᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱱᱟᱛᱢᱚᱠ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ WPM ᱟᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹᱵᱚᱫᱫᱷᱚᱛᱟ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱢᱮ: 17% ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱨᱛᱷᱤᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ Brysbaert, 2019
L2 ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞᱟ᱾ Whitford ᱟᱨ Titone ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱢᱤᱫᱟᱹᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱞᱪᱟᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱟᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ Whitford et al., 2012
ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟᱹ᱾ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱸᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱥ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ; ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱡ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱨ, ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱠᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡᱟ᱾ Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
WPM ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ
ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱢᱤᱫᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱨᱦᱟᱹᱣ, ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱫᱫᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤᱛᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ-ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ-ᱦᱟᱞᱪᱟᱞ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ WPM ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱫᱷᱤᱢᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟ᱾ Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱥᱮᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ?
ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ-ᱫᱤᱨᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱱᱤᱨᱫᱮᱥ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ
ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ᱾ ᱧᱮᱞ-ᱦᱟᱞᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ-ᱫᱤᱨᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱸᱪ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ᱾ Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱤᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱥᱴᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱭᱚᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱢᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ L2 ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱷᱟᱢᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾ Schotter et al., 2014
ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ?
ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱮᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱯᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ᱾ Rayner et al., 2016 Whitford et al., 2012
ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮ, ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱷᱟᱹᱶ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱫᱮᱥ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱟᱛᱟ᱾ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱴᱤᱪ ᱠᱚᱢ-ᱵᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱫᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ᱾ Brysbaert, 2019 Nation, 2006
ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱵᱟᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱯᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱟᱵᱚᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱜᱩᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ 139, 61 ᱟᱨ 17% ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱧᱮᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱨᱛᱷᱤ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ Brysbaert, 2019
ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱱᱫᱷᱤᱛ ᱢᱩᱯᱷᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ
ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ
ᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱞᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ IQ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ
L2 ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱫᱷᱤᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ?
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱦᱟᱞ ᱱᱤᱡᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ-ᱫᱤᱨᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ᱾ Brysbaert, 2019
ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ WPM ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱹᱧ?
ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱤ WPM ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ Brysbaert, 2019
ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟᱹᱧ?
ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱝᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ᱾ Schotter et al., 2014
ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱶ
- Brysbaert (2019). ᱚᱠᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱯᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟᱹᱜ? ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱴᱟ-ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ.
- Rayner et al. (2016). ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱠᱛ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ.
- Rayner (1998). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱞᱪᱟᱞ: 20 ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱭᱚᱱ.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱞᱪᱟᱞ: Keith Rayner ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 40 ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱮᱢ.
- Whitford et al. (2012). ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ: ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱟᱛᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱞᱪᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ.
- Nation (2006). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱧᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). ᱢᱤᱫᱦᱟᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱮ.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). ᱟᱵᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ? ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱧᱡᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱦᱟᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱸᱫᱟᱡ.
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱨᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮ: ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚᱜᱼᱟ?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/sat/answers/reading-speed-in-a-second-language. CC BY 4.0.
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