ᱢᱩᱬ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱠᱚ
| ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ | ᱟᱫᱷᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ | 1,000 ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ |
|---|---|---|
| ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ | 238 WPM | ᱞᱟᱜᱽᱵᱷᱟᱜ 4 min 12 sec |
| ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱯ | 260 WPM | ᱞᱟᱜᱽᱵᱷᱟᱜ 3 min 51 sec |
| ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ | 183 WPM | ᱞᱟᱜᱽᱵᱷᱟᱜ 5 min 28 sec |
ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡ 77 ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ 5,965 ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ, ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ 238 ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 183 ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱬ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ 55 WPM ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱷᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ Brysbaert, 2019
ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱫᱟ
ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟ; ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ Rayner et al., 2016
ᱚᱠᱟ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ?
ᱱᱤᱛ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱛᱮᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ, ᱩᱫᱽᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱦᱚᱭᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ; ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱤᱱ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱮᱱ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ᱾ Schotter et al., 2014
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱥᱮᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ?
ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ
ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ, ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱥᱟᱹᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱫᱷᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ Brysbaert, 2019 Whitford et al., 2012
ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ WPM ᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱰᱨᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ᱾ Brysbaert et al., 2016 Nation, 2006
ᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱡ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ?
ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱤᱨ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ: ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱛᱩᱞᱟ ᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱤᱫᱮᱱ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱦᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ Brysbaert, 2019 Rayner et al., 2016
ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱱᱚᱞ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱱᱚᱞ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱚᱱᱩᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱢᱮ, ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱢᱟᱬᱤᱛ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ CLIFTON et al., 2015 Rayner, 1998
ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱛᱞᱚᱵ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱢᱮ: ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ᱾ Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱱᱫᱷᱤᱛ ᱢᱩᱯᱷᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ
ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ
ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱯᱟ᱾ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ᱾
ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ
ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ 183 WPM ᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ?
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱫᱷᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ, ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ, ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱽᱫᱮᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱱᱟᱢ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ Brysbaert, 2019
ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱥᱮ?
ᱵᱟᱝᱟ᱾ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ Rayner et al., 2016
ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ?
ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱬ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱯᱟ᱾ CLIFTON et al., 2015
ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱶ
- Brysbaert (2019). ᱟᱵᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ? ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱴᱟ-ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ.
- Rayner et al. (2016). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ, ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ.
- Rayner (1998). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ: 20 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱠᱷᱟ.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ: Keith Rayner ᱟᱜ 40 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ.
- Whitford et al. (2012). ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱥᱟᱹᱠ ᱯᱨᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱫᱟ: ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱱᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱢᱟᱬ.
- Nation (2006). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱧᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱰᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). ᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱥ ᱢᱮ.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). ᱟᱵᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ? ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡ: ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱭᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱚᱭᱚᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ.
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱨᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮ: ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱯᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/sat/answers/reading-aloud-vs-silent-reading. CC BY 4.0.
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