ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱪᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱢᱟ?

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱮᱵᱤᱞ 2 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ 122 ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱟᱭᱟᱹᱜ ᱟᱨ 153,185 ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ। ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮ-ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟᱢ। ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽᱰ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ IQ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱝ। Scharfen et al., 2018

ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ?

ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ, ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱨ, ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱪᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ। ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱬ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱯᱚᱫᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱟᱭᱟ। ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱮᱫᱟᱭᱟ। Scharfen et al., 2018

ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠᱥ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ: ᱚᱠᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ। ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱟᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ। Carpenter ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱹᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱮᱥ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱟᱭᱟ, Raven ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱱᱚᱨᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱛᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟᱭᱟ। Carpenter et al., 1990 Raven, 2000

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱯᱨᱟᱠᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱞᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱴᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ?

ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱡᱚᱛᱷᱟ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ। ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ, ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱛᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱟ। ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱭᱤᱰᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ; ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱴᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। International Test Commission, 2001

ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ

ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮ 15 ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱟᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰᱟᱭᱤᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ। ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱬ 100 ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ SD 15 ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱫᱷᱭᱟᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱟ। ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ। Scharfen et al., 2018 Neisser et al., 1996

ᱢᱟᱱᱮᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ-ᱪᱩᱠ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ। ᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱛᱤ, ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟ ᱥᱩᱪᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ, ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ। Pearson, 2020

ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱥᱭᱟ ᱢᱤᱴᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫ?

ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱠᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱹᱛᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ। ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱥᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱦᱩᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ। ᱨᱤᱞᱟᱭᱮᱵᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱰᱚᱠᱥ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ। Hedge et al., 2017

ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱪᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱫᱟᱭᱟ। ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠᱥ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱟ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱯᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞ, ᱛᱮᱛᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱨᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬᱟ। Hampshire et al., 2012

ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ?

ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ, ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱢᱮ। ᱡᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱛᱤᱧ ᱢᱮ। ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱛᱷᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱜᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱜᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱢᱮ। ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ। International Test Commission, 2001 Scharfen et al., 2018

IQ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ 100 ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱨᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ। ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱥᱛᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱮᱥᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟᱭ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ। Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020