ᱢᱩᱬ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱠᱚ
| ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟ | ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ | 1,000 ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱚᱠᱛ |
|---|---|---|
| ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱚᱭ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱟᱵᱟᱹᱥ | 238 WPM | 4 min 12 sec |
| ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱞᱚᱯ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱟᱵᱟᱹᱥ | 260 WPM | 3 min 51 sec |
| ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱟᱵᱟᱹᱥ | 183 WPM | 5 min 28 sec |
| ᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ | 175 WPM | 5 min 43 sec |
| ᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ | 300 WPM | 3 min 20 sec |
ᱚᱠᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱮᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ: ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱝᱟᱹᱭ WPM, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ 60 ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱱ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱠᱷᱮᱱ 1,000-ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ. ᱢᱩᱞ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱹᱪᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ; ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱟᱵᱟᱹᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱞᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ. Brysbaert, 2019
ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ
ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣ, ᱛᱟᱨᱠ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱹᱭᱤᱯ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟ. ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱹᱪᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱛ ᱵᱟᱹᱨᱟᱛ ᱚᱰᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ. Schotter et al., 2014
ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱸᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ?
ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ. ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱟᱵᱟᱹᱥ ᱵᱮᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱹᱪᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ. ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱦᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱜᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ. Whitford et al., 2012 Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱥᱮᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ?
ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱫᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ?
ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱨᱩᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱥᱟᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ. ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱹᱪᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱪᱷᱟᱛᱨᱚ ᱠᱚ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱛᱮ 1,000-ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱚᱵ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ. Brysbaert, 2019
ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ. ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱨᱜᱷᱟᱹᱭ, ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱫᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ WPM ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ. ᱟᱹᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱤᱫᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱮ, ᱠᱚᱢ WPM ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
ᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ?
ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱢ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ. ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱵᱟᱹᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ. ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱠᱷᱮᱱ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱢ, ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱹᱭᱤᱯ ᱚᱞ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱣ. ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱞᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱤᱵᱨᱚᱬ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ. Brysbaert, 2019
ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ; ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱫᱮᱥᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ. ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱩᱫᱫᱮᱥᱭ ᱮᱠᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱷᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ. ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱩᱫᱫᱮᱥᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟ. Rayner et al., 2016
ᱪᱮᱫᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱹᱪᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱᱤᱛᱟ. ᱚᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱯᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ. Rayner et al., 2016 Schotter et al., 2014
ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱚᱱᱫᱷᱤᱛ ᱢᱩᱯᱷᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ
ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱠᱷᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩᱭ ᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱢᱮ. ᱢᱮᱞᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱯᱞᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮ. ᱴᱟᱹᱭᱤᱯ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ; ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ-ᱮᱠᱷᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱟᱥᱮ ᱢᱮ.
ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱬ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤ
ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ?
ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ = ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱝᱟᱹᱭ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ (WPM). 238 WPM ᱨᱮ, 1,000 ᱵᱟᱝᱟᱹᱭ 238 ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ 4.20 ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮ 4 ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ 12 ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ. Brysbaert, 2019
ᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱟᱹᱭᱤᱯ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱹᱢᱤᱞᱟ?
ᱵᱟᱝ. ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱵᱤᱥᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱹᱭᱤᱯ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ. Brysbaert, 2019
ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟ?
ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ. ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ. Rayner et al., 2016
ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱶ
- Brysbaert (2019). ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ? ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱴᱟ-ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱤᱥ.
- Rayner et al. (2016). ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ.
- Rayner (1998). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞ: 20 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱹᱪᱟᱹ.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞ: Keith Rayner ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ 40 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ.
- Whitford et al. (2012). ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱟᱵᱟᱹᱥ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ: ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱟᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ.
- Nation (2006). ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱧᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). ᱮᱠᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱥ.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). ᱟᱵᱩ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ? ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱡ, ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱥᱟᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱵᱷᱚᱨ.
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱨᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮ: 1,000 ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱠᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟ?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/sat/answers/how-long-to-read-1000-words. CC BY 4.0.
← ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱵᱟᱵ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ