Ivyemezo nyamukuru n'imibare
| Igipimwa | Insiguro itomoye | Ibindi bimenyamenya bikenewe |
|---|---|---|
| Ibisubizo vy'ukuri | Uko umuntu yatsinze ibibazo yatanzwe | Uburemere bw'ibibazo n'amategeko yo kubitanga |
| Igihe vyatwaye | Umuvuduko hakurikijwe ayo mabwirizwa | Ukuri kw'inyishu, igihe ntarengwa n'uko igipimo gipima neza |
| Ijanisha ugereranije n'abandi | Ikibanza umuntu afise ugereranije n'itsinda ry'igereranyo | Ibipimo bisanzwe bikwiranye kandi bihagarariye abantu |
| Amanota ku rugero rwa IQ | Insiguro ishingiye ku bipimo bisanzwe | Uburyo bwo kuyahindura bwemejwe n'ibipimo vy'imyaka |
Carpenter, Just na Shell barasuzumye uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu gukemura ibibazo vy'ibishushanyo vya Raven, biciye ku bikorwa vy'abantu, ivyo bavuze mu majambo n'ivyo amaso yabo yakurikiranye. Insiguro yabo ishimika ku kurondera ibintu bisubiramwo no guhuza isano. Ni isesengura ry'ivyiyumviro ryerekeye umuryango w'ibigeragezo usanzwe uzwi, si ukwemeza ko ibisakuzo vyose bisa na vyo bipima kimwe. Carpenter et al., 1990
Kubera iki ibishushanyo bikunze kwitwa ibitari ivy'amajambo?
Ibibazo bishobora kugabanya ivyerekeye ubumenyi bw'amajambo umuntu akwiye kuba afise, ariko ntibivuga ko ikigeragezo kitagira ico gihuriyeko n'amabwirizwa, amashure, ivyo umuntu yaciyemwo canke imico. Isuzuma rya Raven ryerekana ko ibipimo bisanzwe bihinduka bivanye n'ahantu no mu bihe. Gukoresha ibishushanyo bidakeneye amajambo no kuvuga ko igisubizo kitagira ico gihuriyeko n'imico ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye. Raven, 2000
Incamake yagutse yerekeye ubwenge na yo ifata amanota y'ibigeragezo nk'ibipimo bifise ivyiza n'aho bigarukira, aho kuba insiguro yuzuye y'umuntu. Ibikorwa bitandukanye vyo gupima ubwenge bishobora gusaba ibintu bitandukanye mu kwiyumvira, kwibuka no mu bindi bice. Neisser et al., 1996 Hampshire et al., 2012
Gutahura ibishushanyo bingana na IQ ipima vyose?
Oya, ntibihita bingana. Isuzuma ryagutse rishobora guhuza ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibikorwa, hanyuma rigatanga amanota rusangi asobanurwa mu gitabu c'ikigeragezo. Ubuyobozi bw'amanota bw'uwukora ibigeragezo burerekana ko amanota asanzwe n'ibiringo vy'ukwizigirwa bishingiye ku buryo bwihariye bwo gusuzuma. Kuba hakoreshwa urutonde rw'amanota rusanzwe ntibirema ubwo buryo ku rukino rushasha. Pearson, 2020
Ni ibiki bigira ico bihinduye?
Ni ibiki bihindura igisubizo?
Gutoranya ibibazo, uburemere bwavyo, igihe ntarengwa n'uko umuntu yari yarabibonye mbere vyose biragira ico bihinduye ku co bariko barapima. Ubushakashatsi ku gusubira gukora ibigeragezo bwerekana ko abantu barushiriza gutsinda uko basubiye gukora ibigeragezo vy'ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvira. Gutyo, kumenyera ibishushanyo bishobora gutuma umuntu atsinda kurushiriza, ariko ntivyemeza ko azorushiriza no ku bikorwa atamenyereye canke ko ubushobozi bwiwe bwose bwiyongereye. Scharfen et al., 2018
Ibipimo vy'imyaka na vyo birahambaye. IQ ikoreshwa kenshi iba ifise impuzandengo ya 100 mu bantu bo mu murwi umwe w'imyaka; amanota mbisi angana ntaca aba amanota angana amaze guhindurwa hisunzwe imyaka. Amanota mbisi y'umwana canke amanota y'umuntu mukuru ntashobora guhabwa ijanisha ugereranije n'abandi hatakoreshejwe uburyo bubereye bwo kuyagereranya. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Gupima neza bisaba iki?
Amabwirizwa mpuzamakungu ajanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ibigeragezo asaba ibimenyamenya bishigikira insiguro igenewe, ko bitangwa mu buryo bubereye, no kumenya aho bigarukira. Ubushakashatsi ku kwizigirwa kw'ibipimo burerekana igituma igikorwa kimenyerewe co gupima ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvira gishobora gutanga amanota y'umuntu ku giti ciwe atari yo neza na neza. Igicapo giteye igomwe ntigisubirira ivyo bisabwa. International Test Commission, 2001 Hedge et al., 2017
Ivyo birahambaye cane igihe igikorwa kigufi gikoreshwa mu kuranga umuntu. Ibibazo bikeyi ntibipima ibintu vyinshi, kandi amanota yose hamwe ntashobora gusigura nimba ikosa ryavuye ku kutumva itegeko, kwihutira, kurangara canke ku yindi mvo. Isesengura ry'uburyo abantu bakemura ibibazo rishigikira kwitwararika ibisabwa mu kubikemura aho gutanga insiguro imwe gusa. Carpenter et al., 1990
Ni iki umuntu ashobora kwimenyereza mu buryo bubereye?
Gukemura ibibazo vy'ibishushanyo bishobora gutuma umuntu amenyera ubwo bwoko bw'ibikorwa. Ibimenyamenya vyavuye mu gusubira gukora ibigeragezo bishigikira kuvuga ko ayo manota yazamutse ari ihinduka mu vyo umuntu yakoze, ariko ibindi bivugwa vyagutse bikwiye kurindira ubushakashatsi busuzuma ko ubwo bumenyi bwimukira no ku bindi bikorwa. Nta nkomoko iri hano yerekana ko urukino rwa Helibrain rutuma umuntu arushiriza ubwenge canke ko rusuzuma ubumuga bwo kwiyumvira. Scharfen et al., 2018 International Test Commission, 2001
Mu kwihweza uko umuntu yifashe, koresha verisiyo imwe n'amategeko amwe yerekeye igihe, wandike ko yari yarabikoze mbere canke atari yarabikoze, maze usigure igisubizo nk'amanota ku bibazo vyapimwe. Ivyo biratanga amakuru aruta gufata ijanisha ry'amanota mbisi nk'urwego rusangi rw'ubwenge. Raven, 2000 International Test Commission, 2001
Gerageza ikigeragezo c'ubuntu kijanye n'iki kibazo
Ikigeragezo co gutahura ibishushanyo
Gerageza ikigeragezo co gutahura ibishushanyo kugira urabe uko urondera amategeko mu bishushanyo bigaragara. Soma amabwirizwa ajanye n'igihe n'amanota. Amanota yaco ni ayo mu gikorwa co kuri internet; kuba gisa n'ibigeragezo vy'ibishushanyo bisanzwe bizwi ntibiguha ibipimo vyavyo canke ukwemezwa mu vy'ubuvuzi.
Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa
Gutahura ibishushanyo ntikugira ico guhuriyeho n'imico?
Ibibazo bitagira amajambo ntibikuraho ingaruka z'aho umuntu ari. Ibipimo bisanzwe vy'ibishushanyo vyasohowe birahinduka bivanye n'ahantu no mu bihe. Raven, 2000
Nshobora guhindura ijanisha ry'amanota meza rikaba IQ?
Uburyo bwo kuyahindura bwemejwe kandi bufise ibipimo bibereye vy'imyaka ni bwo bwonyene bushobora gushigikira iyo nsiguro. Urugero rusanzwe rwa IQ ntirungana n'ubwo buryo bwo guhindura. International Test Commission, 2001 Neisser et al., 1996
Kwimenyereza birahindura amanota yo gutahura ibishushanyo?
Abantu bararonka amanota aruta ayo bari bafise iyo basubiye gukora ibigeragezo vyo gupima ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvira; ni co gituma ukumenyera kwa mbere gukwiye kwitabwaho mu gusigura ibisubizo vyasubiwemwo. Scharfen et al., 2018
Amasoko
- Neisser et al. (1996). Ubwenge: ibizwi n'ibitaramenyekana..
- Pearson (2020). Insiguro y'amanota ya WISC-V.
- International Test Commission (2001). Amabwirizwa mpuzamakungu yo gukoresha ibigeragezo.
- Raven (2000). Ibishushanyo vya Raven bikurikirana: ihinduka n'ugushikama mu mico no mu bihe.
- Carpenter et al. (1990). Ico ikigeragezo kimwe c'ubwenge gipima: insiguro y'ivyiyumviro ku buryo bwo gutunganya amakuru mu kigeragezo c'ibishushanyo vya Raven bikurikirana..
- Hampshire et al. (2012). Gucagagura ubwenge bw'umuntu mu bice.
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Ingaruka zo gusubira gukora ibigeragezo vyo gupima ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvira: isesengura rusangi.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Ikibazo co kwizigirwa: igituma ibikorwa bikomeye vyo gupima ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvira bidatanga itandukaniro ryizewe hagati y'umuntu n'uwundi.
Vuga uru rupapuro: Ikigeragezo co gutahura ibishushanyo gipima iki?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/rn/answers/what-matrix-reasoning-measures. CC BY 4.0.
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