Ivyemezo nyamukuru n'imibare
| Ibimenyamenya vyavuzwe muri iryo suzuma | Ico vyerekana | Ico bisabwa kwitonderwa |
|---|---|---|
| Abiga icongereza ba Hirai, umugwi watahura neza kuruta | 139 WPM | Inyishu zirenga 75% ni zo zari zo |
| Ubushakashatsi nyene, uwundi mugwi | 61 WPM | Gutahura kwari gutandukanye |
| Ubushakashatsi ku gitabu c'inkuru c'abavuga igiholande n'icongereza | 17% buhoro mu rurimi rwa kabiri (L2) | Abantu n'igikorwa vyihariye vyakoreweko |
Ivyo vyavuye mu bushakashatsi bivugwa mu gice c'iryo suzuma kivuga abasomyi batavuga ururimi nk'ururimi rwabo rwa mbere. Iryo suzuma rirerekana neza ko imibare y'ubushakashatsi ku gitabu c'inkuru idashobora gutanga igiharuro ca WPM gishobora kugereranywa ata nkomanzi. Ni ngirakamaro kugumana ico gisabwa: 17% ntikwiye gukoreshwa nk'igiharuro co kugabanya umuvuduko w'abiga indimi bose. Brysbaert, 2019
Igituma kumenya ururimi neza bihambaye kuruta kuvuga gusa ko ari L2
Kumenyera ururimi rwa kabiri birahindura uburyo amajambo atunganywa mu bwenge, harimwo n'ukuntu umuntu yitwararika amajambo akoreshwa kenshi. Ubushakashatsi bwa Whitford na Titone burasuzuma izo ngaruka hakoreshejwe ukurikirana ingene amaso agenda mu gihe umuntu asoma ingingo. Ni co gituma abantu babiri bavuga indimi zimwe nk'ururimi rwa mbere n'ururimi rwa kabiri bashobora guhura n'ingorane zitandukanye mu gutunganya amajambo, bivanye n'igihe bamaze bazimenyera n'ukuntu bazizi. Whitford et al., 2012
Kumenya amajambo na vyo biri muri ibi. Ubushakashatsi ku rugero rw'ijambo umuntu azi buraraba amajambo yo mu candiko kanaka asanzwe azi, mu gihe ibiharuro vy'ubunini bw'ubumenyi bw'amajambo biva ku kuba babara imvugo z'amajambo, amajambo nyamukuru canke imiryango y'amajambo. Kubara amajambo gusa ntibishobora kwerekana ubwabyo ko umuntu azosoma neza kandi ata ngorane ibandiko iryo ari ryo ryose. Nation, 2006 Brysbaert et al., 2016
Igituma WPM idashobora gukoreshwa mu kugereranya indimi ata kindi
Indimi zitandukanye zikoresha amajambo yanditswe atangana kugira zerekane amakuru asa. Uburebure bw'amajambo, imiterere y'indimi n'uburyo bwo kwandika biragira ico bihinduye ku kintu umuntu abarira. Ni co gituma ubushakashatsi ku muvuduko wo gusoma no ku kugenda kw'amaso butadushigikira mu gufata umuvuduko muto wa WPM mu rundi rurimi nk'ikimenyetso c'ubwenge buke canke c'ukwiyumvira buhoro muri rusangi. Brysbaert, 2019 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Ni ibiki bigira ico bihinduye?
Ubukomezi bw'igisomwa n'amabwirizwa y'igikorwa birahindura ivyavuye
Gusoma umuntu yinezereza, kwiga no kurondera ikintu kanaka ni ibikorwa bitandukanye. Ubushakashatsi bukurikirana ingene amaso agenda burerekana ko ingorane yo gutahura amajambo n'ivyo gusoma bisaba gutahura bigira ico bihinduye ku vyo umuntu yitegereza. Inkuru isanzwe imenyerewe n'ikiganiro kitamenyerewe kivuga ivy'ubuhinga ntibikwiye gufatwa nk'ibigeragezo bibiri bipima umuvuduko umwe wo gusoma udahinduka. Rayner, 1998 CLIFTON et al., 2015
Gusubira ku majambo yabanje bishobora gufasha umusomyi gutorera umuti ikintu adatahura neza. Ivyavuye mu kugerageza vyerekana ko kubuza gusubira gusoma bigabanya ugutahura; ivyo biratwibutsa ko tudakwiye gufata agahagarara kose canke gusubira inyuma mu gusoma L2 nk'ugukora bidakenewe dukwiye guhagarika. Igihe ciyongereye gishobora kuba gifasha gutahura. Schotter et al., 2014
Kwimenyereza vyofasha kugabanya itandukaniro?
Amasuzuma arashimika ku kamaro ko kumenyera ururimi no kumenya amajambo ningoga, ariko ntashiraho amasaha amwe akenewe na bose kugira umuntu asome ururimi rwiwe rwa kabiri ku muvuduko w'ururimi rwa mbere. Eka n'izi ngero ziva mu bushakashatsi butandukanye ntizishobora gutanga urugero rw'imyimenyerezo yemewe rishingiye ku myaka no ku gitsina. Iterambere rikwiye gupimwa hakoreshejwe ibikorwa n'ibisabwa vy'ururimi bigereranywa. Rayner et al., 2016 Whitford et al., 2012
Koresha igisomwa kitamenyerewe kibereye, usuzume ko wagitahuye, kandi wandike ururimi n'intumbero ya buri gipimo c'igihe. Gusoma igisomwa coroshe ningoga birashobora kuba ngirakamaro, ariko ubwabyo ntivyerekana ko ubushobozi bwo gusoma igisomwa kigoye bwongerekanye ku rugero rumwe. Kugira igereranya rigire akamaro, ubukomezi bw'igisomwa n'intumbero bikwiye kuguma bisa uko bishoboka. Brysbaert, 2019 Nation, 2006
Ku bw'ivyo, inyishu ngirakamaro ni urutonde rw'ibishoboka, si igiharuro kimwe co kugwiza. Ibisubizo vyasohowe vya 139, 61 na 17% vyerekana ko abantu n'igikorwa bakoze bihambaye cane. Bikwiye gufasha gutahura itandukaniro, aho gutanga urugero rushasha rw'umuvuduko rukurikizwa n'abiga bose. Brysbaert, 2019
Gerageza ikigeragezo c'ubuntu kijanye n'iki kibazo
Ikigeragezo c'umuvuduko wo gusoma
Gerageza ikigeragezo c'umuvuduko wo gusoma mu rurimi utahura, wongere wishure ibibazo vyo kugenzura ko watahuye. Bika ukwavyo ivyavuye mu ndimi zitandukanye. Ibiharuro vy'ubushakashatsi bwo mu Congereza ni ivy'ugufasha gutahura ivyigwa, si uburyo bwo kubihindura ngo bibe urugero rw'ubumenyi ufise mu rurimi rwawe canke rwa IQ.
Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa
Gusoma ururimi rwa kabiri buhoro incuro 2 birerekana ko hari ikibazo?
Ivyo vyigwa ntibisigura urugero rw'itandukaniro hagati y'umuvuduko w'umuntu ku giti ciwe rwoba rudasanzwe. Kumenya ururimi neza, ingorane y'inyandiko n'intumbero y'igikorwa biratandukanye cane ku buryo bitashoboka gushika kuri ico ciyumviro. Brysbaert, 2019
Noshobora kugereranya WPM yo mu Congereza n'iy'urundi rurimi?
Ego gusa niwitwararika itandukaniro ry'ibice vy'amajambo yandikwa n'amakuru ari muri buri jambo. WPM yonyene ntishobora gukoreshwa mu kugereranya indimi ata kwitwararika izo tandukaniro. Brysbaert, 2019
Nokwihatira kureka gusubira gusoma?
Ntubikore wiyumvira ko gusubira ku vyo wasomye kwose ari bibi. Gusubira gusoma birashobora gufasha gutahura, kandi ivyo bikwiye kurabwa hamwe n'umuvuduko. Schotter et al., 2014
Amasoko
- Brysbaert (2019). Dusoma amajambo angahe ku munota? Isuzuma n'isesengura rusangi ry'umuvuduko wo gusoma.
- Rayner et al. (2016). Amajambo menshi yo gusoma, umwanya muto.
- Rayner (1998). Ukugendagenda kw'amaso mu gusoma no gutunganya amakuru: ubushakashatsi bw'imyaka 20.
- CLIFTON et al. (2015). Ukugendagenda kw'amaso mu gusoma no gutunganya amakuru: umurage w'imyaka 40 wa Keith Rayner.
- Whitford et al. (2012). Ukumenyera ururimi rwa kabiri kurahindura ingaruka z'ubwinshi bw'amajambo mu rurimi rwa mbere n'urwa kabiri: ibimenyamenya bivuye ku kugendagenda kw'amaso mu gusoma ingingo bisanzwe.
- Nation (2006). Ni amajambo angahe umuntu akwiye kumenya kugira ngo asome kandi yumvirize?.
- Schotter et al. (2014). Ntukizere ivyo usomye rimwe gusa.
- Brysbaert et al. (2016). Tumenya amajambo angahe? Igereranya ngirakamaro ry'ubwinshi bw'amajambo rishingiye ku nsiguro y'ijambo, urugero rw'ukwimenyereza ururimi n'imyaka y'uwitabiriye.
Vuga uru rupapuro: Gusoma mu rurimi rwa kabiri biratinda ku rugero rungana gute?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/rn/answers/reading-speed-in-a-second-language. CC BY 4.0.
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