Ivyemezo nyamukuru n'imibare
| Inomero | Aho iva | Ivyo iterekana |
|---|---|---|
| Munsi ya 100 ms | Igiharuro kiriko kiravugwako | Ko ikimenyetso ari co catumye umuntu yishura |
| 110 ms | Umwanya wo hasi w'inyishu mu cigwa kimwe c'ibiboneka | Umupaka ukurikizwa ku nyishu zose z'abantu |
| 231 ms | Impuzandengo y'umwanya wo kwishura ku kimenyetso gisanzwe c'ibiboneka wapimwe muri ico cigwa | Igiharuro co gushikako canke ijanisha rya burawuza yawe |
Woods na bagenzi biwe bakoresheje ibihe vy'ibimenyetso bitari bitegekanijwe, imyimenyerezo yo kugerageza n'umwanya wo kwishura kugira basigure ibiharurwa ko ari inyishu. Ivyo bahisemwo bifasha gupima inyishu ku kimenyetso, aho gufata inyishu yatanzwe hakiri kare canke mu gihe kitari co. Urwo rupapuro rwarakosoye kandi ivyavuye mu cigwa bivanye n'ubukererwe bw'ibikoresho, rukerekana igituma igihe canditswe na porogarama kidashobora guca gifatwa nk'igihe ikintu c'umubiri cabereye. Woods et al., 2015
Kwishura no guteganya ni inyifato zitandukanye
Iyo ikintu gikurikira gitegekanijwe, umuntu arashobora kwitegurira kugira ico akoze imbere y'uko kiba. Ni co gituma inyishu itanzwe hafi y'igihe cari citegekanijwe ishobora kuba hafi cane y'ico kintu, naho itoba yatanguye inyuma yo kukibona. Ico si ikibazo kimwe no gupima umwanya usanzwe wo kwishura ikimenyetso gishasha kiboneka kandi kitari gitegekanijwe. Amabwirizwa y'igikorwa n'urutonde rw'ibimenyetso birafasha cane mu gusigura umwanya mutoyi cane udasanzwe. Woods et al., 2015 Woods et al., 2015
Kwishura mu guhitamwo vyongerako guhitamwo ico umuntu akora. Ivyigwa vy'intango vyerekeye guhitamwo inyishu birerekana ko imiterere y'igikorwa ihindura igihe inyishu ifata; umwanya ntarengwa uvugwa mu rukino rworoshe rw'ibiboneka ntukwiye gufatwa nk'uwukurikizwa ku rukino rusaba guhitamwo hagati y'ibikorwa bitari bike. Hick, 1952
Igituma igiharuro kimwe gitangaje atari icemezo gikomeye
Igiharuro cihuta kuruta ibindi ni igiharuro kiri ku mpera y'urutonde rw'ivyabonetse. Iyo umuntu asubiramwo igikorwa kenshi, aronka n'uburyo bwinshi bwo kubona igiharuro kidasanzwe, inyishu y'imbere y'igihe canke ikosa ryo gupima. Ivyigwa vyerekeye ibiharuro bidasanzwe vy'umwanya wo kwishura birasigura igituma abashakashatsi bashinga ingene bafata inyishu zidasanzwe cane, aho gufata inomero yose igaragajwe nk'iyungura amakuru angana. Ratcliff, 1993
Ni ibiki bigira ico bihinduye?
Uburyo igikoresho gipima neza si icemeza ko gipima ivy'ibinyabuzima neza
Burawuza zishobora kwandika ibihe mu buryo burambuye, ariko uburambuye bw'igihe bwanditswe si kimwe no kumenya neza igihe ikimenyetso kiboneka n'igikorwa co kwinjiza inyishu vyabereye mu vy'ukuri. Ivyigwa bigereranya imbuga bitanga ivyemezo vy'ubudasa bw'ibihe n'ihindagurika ryavyo. Igiharuro kirimwo ibiharuro vy'inyongera vyinshi inyuma y'akaburungu ntigisigura ko ari igereranyo c'ukuri kuruta c'inyishu yawe ku kimenyetso ubonye. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Bridges et al., 2020
Vyongeye, si vyiza gukoresha ikosora ry'ibikoresho ryo mu bundi buryo kugira ngo umuntu yemeze canke ahakane igiharuro kanaka. Gupima neza bikora ku bikoresho vyapimwe. Iyo ata gupima kwabaye, ntibizwi neza uruhande n'ubunini bw'amakosa yose y'igihe mu bikoresho vyawe. Woods et al., 2015 Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
Ico wokora ubonye inyishu yihuta bidasanzwe
Raba uko wagerageje kwose n'amategeko yakurikijwe: hari inyishu zatanzwe imbere y'igihe? Ibiringo vyari bitegekanijwe? Ico giharuro cari icihuta kuruta ibindi canke impuzandengo? Gereranya igiharuro kimwe ku rugero rumwe rw'igerageza. Ntukongere igitigiri c'igerageza hanyuma ngo ufate igiharuro gishasha cihuta kuruta ibindi nk'aho uburyo bwo kugerageza butahindutse. Ivyigwa ku gitigiri c'igerageza birerekana ko ukuntu ibipimo bikora bivana n'amakuru yakusanyijwe n'ikibazo kibajijwe. Miller, 2023 Ratcliff, 1993
Igiharuro kimwe gusa na co nyene ntikivuga vyinshi ku kintu kiranga umuntu kidahinduka. Ubwizigirwa bw'igipimo butegerezwa kwerekanwa, canecane iyo igikorwa gikoreshejwe mu gutondeka abantu. Iciyumviro kibereye ni uko muri uru rukino habaye ikintu kidasanzwe; kwemeza ko umuntu yishuye vuba bidasanzwe bisaba gupima ibintu vyagenzuwe. Hedge et al., 2017
Nta shingiro rihari ryo kwita umuntu umubeshi, kumusuzuma indwara canke gushinga umupaka ntarengwa ukomeye ukurikizwa na bose. Ico gihambaye ni gutandukanya umwanya ugaragajwe n'icemezo c'uko ikintu gishasha c'umubiri ari co catumye umuntu yishura. Woods et al., 2015 Bridges et al., 2020
Gerageza ikigeragezo c'ubuntu kijanye n'iki kibazo
Ikigeragezo c'umwanya wo kwishura
Gerageza ikigeragezo c'umwanya wo kwishura, ukurikize amabwirizwa yo kurindira ikimenyetso. Nusigure ivyo wagerageje vyose, harimwo inyishu zatanzwe imbere y'igihe, aho gufata igiharuro kimwe cihuta kuruta ibindi nk'icemeza umuvuduko wawe wo kwishura.
Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa
Mbega igiharuro cose kiri munsi ya 100 ms ntigishoboka?
Ibi vyigwa ntivyerekana umupaka ntarengwa ku buryo bwose bwo kwishura. Vyerekana igituma igiharuro kimwe ca burawuza kidahagije kwemeza ko umuntu yishuye ikimenyetso kiboneka kitari gitegekanijwe. Woods et al., 2015
Kubera iki ivyigwa bikura inyishu zihuta cane?
Bishinga ibiringo vyemewe vyo kwishura kugira bigabanye kwivanga kw'ibintu biterekana uburyo bwo kwishura bugenewe gupimwa. Ikiringo gikoreshwa bivana n'uburyo igerageza ryateguwe. Woods et al., 2015 Ratcliff, 1993
Noshobora kugereranya igiharuro c'ibiboneka n'itegeko ryo gutangura mu nkino?
Ego, ariko uraraba ko ikimenyetso, igikorwa c'umubiri n'uburyo bwo gupima bitandukanye. Itegeko rikoreshwa ahantu hamwe si igipimo gipimwe neza co gukoresha ahandi. Woods et al., 2015 Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020
Amasoko
- Woods et al. (2015). Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gihe inyishu isanzwe imara.
- Woods et al. (2015). Ugukererwa kw'inyishu kujanye n'imyaka mu guhitamwo no gutanga inyishu mu gikorwa c'inyishu y'ibiboneka.
- Hick (1952). Ku rugero rwo kwunguka amakuru.
- Ratcliff (1993). Uburyo bwo gufata ibiharuro bidasanzwe vy'umwanya wo kwishura..
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Ukuri n'uburambe bwo gupima ku mbuga z'igerageza zo kuri internet, burawuza n'ibikoresho.
- Bridges et al. (2020). Icigwa kinini co kugereranya igihe: kugereranya porogarama zitandukanye z'igerageza zo muri laboratwari no kuri internet.
- Miller (2023). Abitabiriye bangahe? Igerageza ringana iki? Kongera ubushobozi bw'ivyigwa vy'umwanya wo kwishura.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Ikibazo c'ubwizigirwa: igituma ibikorwa vy'ubwenge bikomeye biterekana neza itandukaniro rihoraho hagati y'abantu.
Vuga uru rupapuro: Umuntu yoshobora kwishura mu gihe kiri munsi ya milisegonda 100?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/rn/answers/reaction-time-under-100-ms. CC BY 4.0.
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