Ivyemezo nyamukuru n'imibare
| Igereranya muri iryo sesengura | Ihinduka ry’impuzandengo risanzwe | Intervalli y’ukwizigirwa ya 95% |
|---|---|---|
| Ikigeragezo ca mbere n’ica kabiri | 0.327 | 0.278 to 0.375 |
| Ikigeragezo ca mbere n’ica gatatu | 0.495 | 0.406 to 0.585 |
| Ikigeragezo ca mbere n’ica kane | 0.516 | 0.401 to 0.631 |
Izi ni inyishu ziri mu mbonerahamwe ya 2. Igereranya rya mbere ryarimwo ubushakashatsi 122 n’abitabiriye 153,185; ayakurikiye yarimwo imigwi mito kuruta. Ntibikwiye gufatwa nk’aho ari itsinda rimwe ryagiye ririga, canke ngo bikoreshwe mu guhanura ibizobandanya ata herezo. Ico bapimye ni ihinduka ry’impuzandengo risanzwe mu bigeragezo bitandukanye vy’ubwenge, si uguhanura ata guca ku ruhande amanota uzoronka mu raporo ya IQ ikurikira. Scharfen et al., 2018
Ni ibiki bishobora gutera imbere usubiye kugeragezwa?
Kumenyera amabwirizwa, ubwoko bw’ibibazo, uburyo bwo kubitorera inyishu hamwe n’ukuntu ikigeragezo gitangwa bishobora kugira ico bihinduye ku kuntu umuntu yitwara. Isuzuma ry’ingaruka zo gusubira kugeragezwa riraba ibintu bitandukanye bishobora kugira ico bihinduye, kuko urugero rw’inyongera rw’amahera ruterwa n’uburyo bwakoreshejwe n’igihe kiri hagati y’ibigeragezo. Inyishu nziza kuruta ku ncuro ya kabiri ntigaragaza yonyene igikorwa cahindutse canke ngo yemeze ko ubwenge muri rusangi bwiyongereye. Scharfen et al., 2018
Ibibazo vy’ibishushanyo vy’uduce duto birerekana ico kibazo: kubitorera inyishu bisaba kuvumbura no guhuza amategeko. Kumenya ubwoko bw’ikibazo canke kwibuka ikibazo ubwaco bishobora guhindura ivyo ikigeragezo gikurikira gipima. Isesengura ry’uburyo bwo kwiyumvira ryakozwe na Carpenter na bagenzi biwe ryerekeye ivyo bisabwa mu gutekereza; isuzuma rya Raven na ryo rishimika ku kamaro k’ivyegeranyo vy’ingero bibereye. Carpenter et al., 1990 Raven, 2000
Noshobora gukurako amanota y’inyongera ategekanijwe?
Nta rugero rumwe rwo gukurako ku muntu umwe rushobora gukurwa ku ngaruka mpuzandengo z’umugwi. Gukoresha impuzandengo y’umugwi ku muntu umwe birirengagiza itandukaniro ry’ibigeragezo, ivyo umuntu yaciyemwo n’ingene yasubiye kugeragezwa. Amabwirizwa ajanye n’ikoreshwa ry’ibigeragezo asaba ko inyishu isobanurwa hakurikijwe igikoresho nyaco n’ico gikoreshwa; gukurako amanota amwe ata shingiro ntivyemeza ko inyishu yizewe. International Test Commission, 2001
Ni ibiki bigira ico bihinduye?
Kubera iki guhindura iyo ngaruka amanota ya IQ biteye inkeke
Kugwiza ingaruka zisanzwe na 15 birashobora gusa n’uburyo bworoshe, ariko iryo sesengura rikoraniriza hamwe ivyavuye mu bipimo bitandukanye vy’ubwenge kandi rikoresha uburyo bwaryo bwo kubigereranya. Kuba IQ ikunze gupimwa ku rugero rusanzwe rw’impuzandengo 100 na SD-15 ntibisigura ko ingaruka yose yo mu bushakashatsi ubwo ari bwo bwose ingana n’ihinduka ry’amanota ya IQ ku muntu. Gumana urugero rw’ingaruka rwakoreshejwe aho guhimba inyongera nyayo cane. Scharfen et al., 2018 Neisser et al., 1996
Raporo y’amanota yemewe na yo irimwo ukutamenya neza kw’ipimo. Itandukaniro hagati y’amanota abiri yanditswe rikwiye gusobanurwa hakurikijwe amategeko y’ikigeragezo, ikiringo n’amakuru y’ukwizigirwa, aho kugereranya gusa amazina y’amanota. Pearson, 2020
Kuba amanota ataguma ahindagurika birakemura ingorane?
Ukwizigirwa kw’ipimo n’inyungu yo kumenyera ni ibintu bibiri bitandukanye. Ikigeragezo gishobora gutanga ihinduka risa igihe umuntu agisubiyemwo, ariko kigatuma urutonde rw’abantu rudahinduka; canke kikerekana itandukaniro ritariho ku muntu umwe naho ingaruka y’impuzandengo iba yizewe. Ivyigwa ku vyitwa ingorane y’ukwizigirwa biratwibutsa ko izo kamere z’ipimo zitegerezwa kwerekanwa zitandukanye. Hedge et al., 2017
Ubushakashatsi bugari ku bwenge na bwo buratandukanya ibice bitandukanye bigize uko umuntu akora. Ikibazo kimenyerewe c’ibishushanyo ntigipima imice yose y’ukwiyumvira, rero gutera imbere mu gikorwa kimwe ntivyemeza ko kwibuka, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amajambo n’ugutekereza na vyo vyateye imbere ku rugero rungana. Hampshire et al., 2012
Ni ibiki vyumvikana igihe ukurikirana iterambere?
Andika ibigeragezo wakoze imbere, verisiyo y’ikigeragezo n’igihe kiri hagati yavyo. Ku gipimo cose gishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye, kurikiza amategeko yo gusubira kugeragezwa atangwa n’uwugitanga. Ku mikino idasanzwe, vuga ko wateye imbere muri iyo mikino, kandi utandukanye ibibazo wasubiyemwo canke wafashe ku mutwe n’ivyo utari umenyereye. Ivyo birerekana neza ubumenyi bushasha ufise, bitarinze kuvuga ibirenze ivyo vyemeza. International Test Commission, 2001 Scharfen et al., 2018
IQ iguma ipimwa hakurikijwe imyaka, ku mpuzandengo ya 100 mu migwi y’imyaka; gusubira kugeragezwa ntibihindura iryo tegeko. Ikibazo ni ukumenya nimba amanota mashasha kanaka yerekana neza ubushobozi bwari bugenewe gupimwa, hakurikijwe uko ikigeragezo catanzwe. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020
Gerageza ikigeragezo c'ubuntu kijanye n'iki kibazo
Ikigeragezo ca IQ
Gerageza ibikorwa vyo mu kigeragezo ca IQ nimba ushaka kubimenya, kandi wandike ivyo wagerageje mbere igihe ugereranya inyishu. Gusubira kubikora ni kimwe mu vyo bisobanurwa. Amanota menshi mu mukino ntagaragaza ko ubwenge bwawe muri rusangi bwiyongereye.
Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa
Nzokwongerako amanota angahe ya IQ?
Ihinduka risanzwe ryabonetse mu bushakashatsi bwinshi ntiritanga amanota ya IQ umuntu umwe azoronka ata kabuza. Ibigeragezo n’ingene bisubirwamwo biratandukanye. Scharfen et al., 2018
Inyungu zirabandanya ibihe vyose?
Igereranya ry’ibigeragezo vyakurikiye rishingiye ku migwi mito kandi ntiritanga imvo yo kwiyumvira ko izo nyungu zizobandanya ibihe vyose. Scharfen et al., 2018
Kwibuka inyishu bituma igereranya ritaba ukuri?
Birahindura ivyo amanota yo mu kigeragezo gikurikira ashobora kwerekana ku bijanye no gutorera inyishu ibintu bishasha. Insiguro y’amanota itegerezwa kwitaho ivyo umuntu yari amaze kubona n’ico ikigeragezo cari kigenewe gukoreshwa. International Test Commission, 2001
Amasoko
- Neisser et al. (1996). Ubwenge: ibizwi n’ibitazwi..
- Pearson (2020). Raporo y’insiguro ya WISC-V: ivyerekeye amanota.
- International Test Commission (2001). Amabwirizwa mpuzamakungu yo gukoresha ibigeragezo.
- Raven (2000). Ibigeragezo vya Raven vy’uduce duto: ihinduka n’ugushikama mu mico n’igihe.
- Carpenter et al. (1990). Ico ikigeragezo kimwe c’ubwenge gipima: insiguro y’ivyiyumviro ku buryo bwo kwiyumvira mu kigeragezo ca Raven c’uduce duto.
- Hampshire et al. (2012). Gutandukanya ibice bigize ubwenge bw’umuntu.
- Scharfen et al. (2018). Ingaruka zo gusubira gukora ibigeragezo vy’ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvira: isesengura ry’ubushakashatsi bwinshi.
- Hedge et al. (2017). Ingorane y’ukwizigirwa: kubera iki ibigeragezo bikomeye vy’ubwenge biterekana itandukaniro ry’abantu ku giti cabo ryizewe.
Vuga uru rupapuro: Gusubira gukora ikigeragezo ca IQ bishobora gutuma amanota yiyongera?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/rn/answers/iq-test-retest-practice-effects. CC BY 4.0.
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