Amanota ya IQ angana na 115, 130 na 145 ari ku rugero rw’ijanisha rungana iki?

Iyi mibare ibarwa hakoreshejwe z = (amanota − 100) / 15 n’igabanganirizo risanzwe rikurikirana, hanyuma igashirwa ku mibare ibiri inyuma y’akabago. Impuzandengo ya 100 n’SD ya 15 ni ingero zisanzwe zikoreshwa ku rugero. Ibitabo vy’ikigeragezo nyaco ni vyo bigena ingero zo kugereranya zibereye, urugero rw’amanota n’ukuntu asobanurwa; umurongo w’imibare usanzwe ntivyemeza ko ikigeragezo gishasha gipima neza. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020

Ijanisha ntirisigura igice c’inyishu z’ukuri

Ijanisha ryerekana aho umuntu ahagaze mu mugwi w’igereranya. Ntirisigura ko yishuye neza ico gipimo c’ibibazo, canke ko afise ico gipimo c’ubwenge bwose. Amabwirizwa yerekeye ikoreshwa ry’ibigeragezo asaba ko hakoreshwa umugwi wo kugereranya ufise ishingiro, n’ibimenyamenya bishigikira insobanuro yagenewe amanota. Ivyo bitariho, ijanisha rishobora gusa n’iryizewe cane kuruta uko rishingiye. International Test Commission, 2001

Ni igiki gihinduka uko imyaka yiyongera?

IQ igereranywa hisunzwe imyaka: ku rugero rusanzwe, impuzandengo yo kugereranya ni 100 muri buri mugwi w’imyaka. Umwana n’umuntu akuze bashobora kuronka amanota amwe ahujwe n’imyaka, naho boba bishuye ibibazo bitandukanye canke baronse amanota atandukanye ku bikorwa vy’umwimerere. Kubara hakurikijwe akarorero k’igisanzwe rero ntibisigura uko umuntu yitwaye mu buzima bwose atarashirwa mu migwi y’imyaka. Neisser et al., 1996 Pearson, 2020

Ingero zo kugereranya kandi ziva ku kigeragezo, ku bantu gipimirwako no ku gihe. Isuzuma rya Raven ryerekana ko ingero z’ibigeragezo vy’ibishushanyo-mfatizo zitandukanye bivanye n’aho n’igihe. Amanota yo mu kigeragezo kimwe ntakwiye gufatwa nk’aho ibigeragezo vyose n’ingero zo mu bihe vyose bipima mu buryo bumwe. Raven, 2000

Kubera iki igice kiri ku mpera y’amanota gikeneye kwitonderwa cane

Imigwi mito y’abantu ikoreshwa mu gushiraho ingero ntitanga amakuru menshi ataziguye ku manota adasanzwe cane. Ni co gituma ijanisha ryiza ry’amanota yo ku mpera rishobora kuba rishingiye ku vyiyumviro vy’akarorero hamwe n’ivyo abantu bipimwe berekanye. Amabwirizwa y’ikoreshwa ry’ibigeragezo asaba ibimenyamenya bijanye n’iciyumviro kiriko kirafatwa, kandi kwerekana ukudakeka kw’icegeranyo c’amanota birafasha kuruta gufata ko umubare wa nyuma ari wo nyawo. International Test Commission, 2001 Pearson, 2020

Amanota yo mu gisakuzo c’ibishushanyo-mfatizo asobanura IQ yose?

Carpenter na bagenzi biwe basuzuma uburyo bwo kwiyumvira bukoreshwa mu bishushanyo-mfatizo vya Raven. Ivyo bitanga insobanuro y’inyigisho ku bwoko bumwe bw’ibikorwa bihambaye, ariko ntibitanga uruhusha rwo guhindura amanota yose yo mu gisakuzo umuntu yihimbiye ngo abe IQ yose yashizwe ku rugero. Ubushakashatsi ku kuntu ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvira bwubatse na bwo buratugabisha kutiyumvira ko igikorwa cose gipima ikintu kimwe nyene mu bushobozi. Carpenter et al., 1990 Hampshire et al., 2012

Bite ku gusubira gukora ikigeragezo n’amakosa yo gupima?

Isuzuma rihuza ivyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwinshi risanga ko gusubira gukora ibigeragezo vy’ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvira bituma amanota yiyongera mu buryo busanzwe. Igisubizo co mu kigeragezo gisubiwemwo rero gishobora guterwa no kumenyera, hamwe n’ibindi bitandukaniro. Ubushakashatsi ku kwizigirwa kw’ibipimo bwongerako ko amanota y’ibikorwa n’itandukaniro riri hagati y’abantu bikwiye kubanza kwerekana ko bihama imbere y’uko bifatwa nk’inyifato iranga umuntu. Nta na kimwe muri ivyo gikemurwa no kwerekana imibare myinshi y’ijanisha. Scharfen et al., 2018 Hedge et al., 2017

Ku gipimo cemewe gikoreshwa, raba icegeranyo caco, ingero z’imyaka n’urugero rw’ukwizigira. Ku gikorwa co kuri internet co kugerageza gusa, fatira ku rugero ivyemezo vyaco bishigikira. Izi ngero z’imibare zisigura urugero rusanzwe; ntizitanga ishingiro ryo kubwira uwakinnye ko arusha abantu igitigiri kanaka ubwenge. International Test Commission, 2001 Pearson, 2020

Itandukaniro ry’ingirakamaro ni iri: gutahura ingene ijanisha ribarwa, no kuba ufise ibimenyamenya vy’uko amanota kanaka akwiye gushirwa kuri uwo murongo. Vyose birakenewe imbere yo kugereranya abantu ku giti cabo. Neisser et al., 1996 International Test Commission, 2001