Ivyemezo nyamukuru n'imibare
| Akarorero | Igihinduka | Ikitava muri ivyo |
|---|---|---|
| Gushira imibare 12 mu migwi 4 y'imibare 3 | Imibare iba itunganijwe mu migwi | Ko umuntu wese ashobora kwibuka iyo mibare |
| Kumenya igishushanyo kimenyerewe | Ubumenyi usanzwe ufise bushobora kugabanya igikorwa co kubika amakuru mu bwenge | Ko ikimenyetso cose gifata ikibanza caco ukwaco |
| Akarorero k'uwamenyereje kuva ku mibare 7 gushika kuri 79 | Kwibuka imibare amaze kwimenyereza cane | Ubushobozi bwo kwibuka ibintu 79 muri rusangi mu bwenge bukorera umwanya muto |
Umurongo wa mbere ni akarorero k'ukugabura mu migwi, si urugero rw'ubushobozi rwapimwe. Umurongo wa gatatu werekana rwa rubanza rw'umuntu umwe rw'imenyerezwa rikomeye. Muri ubwo bushakashatsi, uwo muntu yakoresheje ubumenyi yari afise ku bihe vy'ukwiruka hamwe n'uburyo butunganijwe bwo gusubira kwibuka. Urwo rupapuro ruvuga kandi ko iyo myimenyerezo itamufashije igihe ivyo yibuka vyahindurwa bikaba indome ndagihe, kandi ivyo ni ngirakamaro cane mu gusigura igisubizo gitangaje ku mibare. Ericsson et al., 1980
Umugwi w'amakuru ni iki?
Umugwi w'amakuru ni ikintu kimwe cabitswe mu bwenge, ariko si ngombwa ngo ube ufise igitigiri kidahinduka c'inyuguti zigaragara. Akamaro kawo gaterwa n'ivyo uwiga asanzwe azi hamwe n'ukuntu urutonde rutunganijwe. Ivyiyumviro vya Miller ku guhindura uburyo amakuru abikwa hamwe n'ubushakashatsi bwa Mathy na Feldman ku kuyorosha mu kuyegeranya birerekana igituma kubara ibintu bitarungitswe bishobora kuyovya igihe uburyo birungitswe butandukanye. Miller, 1956 Mathy et al., 2012
Inyigisho ya Cowan ivuga ko ubushobozi ari buto, ikaraba ibintu bituma gusubiramwo mu bwenge bigora hamwe n'uruhara rw'ubumenyi bumara igihe kirekire. Umuntu akoresha imigwi ifise insobanuro mu rukino rusanzwe rw'imibare si ngombwa ngo abe akorera muri ivyo bibujijwe. Ivyo vyavuye muri ubwo bushakashatsi ntibitegerezwa kuba bivuguruzanya, kuko ibipimo n'uburyo bwemerewe bitandukanye. Cowan, 2001
Gushira mu migwi ni kimwe no gusubiramwo?
Gusubiramwo bituma amakuru aguma ari mu bwenge; kuyashira mu migwi bihindura ukuntu atunganijwe canke yerekanywe. Ivyo vyose birashobora gufashanya, ariko si igikorwa kimwe. Inyigisho z'ubwenge bukorera umwanya muto zitandukanya kubika amakuru igihe gito n'izindi nzira zo kuyatunganiriza, hamwe n'uruhara rw'ubumenyi bumara igihe kirekire. Baddeley, 2012
Ni ibiki bigira ico bihinduye?
Wokwitega iterambere ringana iki?
Igisubizo ca 7 gushika kuri 79 ni akarorero kamwe kadasanzwe gasaba imenyerezwa ryinshi cane; si impinduka isanzwe iva ku buryo bwo kwimenyereza, kandi si urutonde rw'imyimenyerezo rwabereye umuntu wese. Kirerekana ko uburyo umuntu yize bwo gutunganya amakuru bushobora guhindura cane amanota y'igikorwa, ariko ntigitanga ishingiro rikomeye ryo kumenya urugero rw'ibintu umuntu umwe azoshobora kwibuka mu nyuma. Kuba nta gufasha kwagutse mu bindi bikorwa kwabaye ni ngirakamaro cokimwe n'iyo nyandiko y'amanota. Ericsson et al., 1980
Amanota asohorwa ku bintu umuntu ashobora kwibuka na yo aterwa n'itegeko ryo guhagarika igerageza. Mu bushakashatsi bunini bw'amajwi, umubare munini w'ibintu umuntu yashoboye kurangiza kwibuka n'igipimo gisanzwe vyatanze impuzandengo zitandukanye ku bantu bamwe. Ni co gituma mu kugereranya uburyo bwo kwibuka, uburyo bwo kwerekana amakuru n'ubwo gupima bukwiye kuguma ari bumwe, aho kuvangavanga intsinzi imwe ndende n'igipimo fatizo cabazwe ukundi. Woods et al., 2010
Ni ibiki vyoba vyiza kugerageza?
Mu kugereranya kutari ukwo mu bushakashatsi bwemewe, hitamwo nimba uzoshira imibare mu migwi, ukoreshe uburyo bumwe mu bigeragezo vyose bigereranywa, kandi wandike icahindutse niwahindura uburyo. Ubushakashatsi ku kwegeranya amakuru burashigikira uruhara rw'imiterere; ntibwemeza ko hari igitigiri kimwe c'imibare gikwiye gushirwa mu mugwi kw'isi yose, canke ngo bwemeze ko uburyo bumwe bwo gufasha kwibuka buzofasha urutonde rwose. Mathy et al., 2012
Koresha amakuru utamenyereye igihe uriko uraraba nimba uburyo bukora no ku bindi bintu utari akarorero wibutse. Ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwo gupima umubare w'ibintu umuntu ashobora kwibuka burashimika ku guhuza uburyo n'ico ushaka gupima. Ubuhanga umuntu yize burafasha, ariko bukwiye kwitwa ubwo buhanga nyene aho kubwita ukwiyongera kw'ubushobozi muri rusangi. Conway et al., 2005
Ubwa nyuma, nta buryo bwemejwe bwo guhindura amanota yo kwibuka imibare yashizwe mu migwi ngo abe urwego rwa n-back canke amanota ya IQ. Isesengura rusangi rigereranya ibikorwa vyo kwibuka urutonde rurerure n'ikimenyetso n-back ryerekana ko mbere n'ibikorwa vyose vyitwa ivy'ubwenge bukorera umwanya muto bidashobora gusubirizwa kimwe n'ikindi. Redick et al., 2013
Gerageza ikigeragezo c'ubuntu kijanye n'iki kibazo
Ikigeragezo co kwibuka inomero
Gerageza ikigeragezo co kwibuka inomero, wandike n'uburyo ukoresha mu kuzishira mu migwi. Ni wagereranya uburyo, koresha amabwirizwa amwe yo kwerekana no gupima. Amanota yo hejuru yerekana ko wibutse neza muri ivyo bihe; ntivyemeza ko ubwenge bwawe bwiyongereye muri rusangi.
Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa
Gushira mu migwi bituma ibibanza vy'ubwenge bwo kwibuka vyongerekana?
Birashobora guhindura amakuru abikwa n'ikintu kimwe. Ibimenyetso ntibisaba ko n'umubare udahinduka w'ibibanza rusangi wo kwibuka wongerekana cokimwe. Cowan, 2001 Mathy et al., 2012
Nzoshobora gushika ku mibare 79?
Ico gisubizo ca mbere cabonetse ku muntu umwe yari yamenyereje cane; nticari igisubizo gisanzwe canke isezerano. Ericsson et al., 1980
Kubera iki inomero tumenyereye zisa n'izoroshe?
Ubumenyi usanzwe ufise burashobora gufasha guhindura no gusubira kwibuka urutonde. Ivyo biri mu vyo ubushakashatsi ku gushira mu migwi buraba. Miller, 1956 Mathy et al., 2012
Amasoko
- Woods et al. (2010). Kunoza isuzuma ry'umubare w'imibare umuntu yibuka mu bwenge bw'igihe gito.
- Cowan (2001). Umubare w'amarozi 4 mu bwenge bw'igihe gito: Gusubira kurimbura ubushobozi bwo kubika amakuru mu bwenge.
- Miller (1956). Umubare w'amarozi indwi, wongereko canke ukuremwo ibiri: Imipaka imwe y'ubushobozi bwacu bwo gutunganya amakuru..
- Baddeley (2012). Ubwenge bwo kwibuka: Inyigisho, imiterere n'ibihariweko.
- Conway et al. (2005). Ibikorwa vyo gupima ubwinshi bw'ibintu umuntu ashobora kwibuka: Isubiramwo ry'uburyo n'igitabu c'amabwirizwa ku bakoresha.
- Redick et al. (2013). Ibipimo vy'ibikorwa bigoye vyo kwibuka n'ibikorwa n-back: Isesengura rusangi.
- Ericsson et al. (1980). Kwiga ubuhanga bwo kwibuka.
- Mathy et al. (2012). Ni iki gituma imibare y'amarozi iba iy'amarozi? Gushira mu migwi no kugabanya amakuru mu bwenge bw'igihe gito.
Vuga uru rupapuro: Gushira inomero hamwe mu migwi bigufasha gute kwibuka inomero nyinshi?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/rn/answers/chunking-and-number-memory. CC BY 4.0.
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