Ivyemezo nyamukuru n'imibare
| Ico isesengura ry'abantu bakuze ryerekanye | Igereranya | Insiguro y'inyongera |
|---|---|---|
| Igice c'igikorwa co kubuza inyishu muri Stroop | Hedges' g = 0.12 | Imbere yo gukosora kubogama mu gusohora ivyigwa |
| Intera y'ukwizigira ya 95% | 0.03 to 0.20 | Itandukaniro rito hagati y'imigwi, ryegeranijwe |
| Iciyumviro rusangi inyuma yo gukosora kubogama | Nta karusho ka rusangi gashigikiwe n'ivyemezo | Ntibisigura ko abantu bose bangana muri vyose |
Igereranya ryihariye rya Stroop riri mu mbonerahamwe ya 3. Ni itandukaniro ryapimwe ku rugero rumwe, si uko umuntu akora neza kuruta uwundi ku rugero rwa 12% canke amahirwe y'umuntu ku giti ciwe. Igaragaza ry'ingaruka ntoya itarakosorwa riri muri iyo mbonerahamwe, kandi iciyumviro c'inyandiko gikozwe inyuma yo gukosora kubogama; ivyo bibiri bitegerezwa gusomwa hamwe. Gutoramwo gusa igitigiri cerekana akarusho vyotanga ishusho itari yo y'iryo suzuma. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Ni kubera iki bavuga ko hari akarusho?
Gukoresha indimi zirenze rumwe bituma haba iciyumviro cumvikana co kwiga ivyerekeye kugenzura ivyiyumviro n'ibikorwa. Ariko uburyo bushoboka bwo kubisigura busaba ivyemezo bitomoye. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Paap na Greenberg burakekeranya ko ibikorwa bitari bike vyo gupima ubuyobozi bw'ubwonko bitanga ivyemezo bihuye bishigikira akarusho kamwe k'abavuga indimi zibiri; ntibikwiye gufatwa ko amanota y'ivyo bikorwa angana kubera gusa ko vyose vyiswe izina rimwe. Paap et al., 2013
Igikorwa ca Stroop ubwaco kigizwe n'ibice bitari bike. Amajambo, amabara, uburyo bwo gutanga inyishu n'ikigereranyo co kugereranya biragira ico bihinduye ku ngaruka zipimwa. Isuzuma rya MacLeod n'isuzuma ry'ibipimo vy'amavuriro birerekana igituma kitofatwa gusa nk'igipimo c'ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibintu kitagira aho gihuriye n'ururimi. MacLeod, 1991 Scarpina et al., 2017
Ururimi rw'ikigeragezo ruragira ico ruhinduye?
Ijambo ryanditse rishobora guhungabanya inyishu gusa biciye ku bikorwa rituma umusomyi akora. Ikigeragezo ca mbere kirerekana akamaro ko gutanga inyishu isanzwe mu mvugo imenyerewe, mu gihe izo nsuzuma zivuga ko uburyo ikigeragezo gikozwemwo bushobora gutandukana. Ivyo vyerekana ko ururimi n'uburyo bwo kwishura bikwiye kugumizwa uko biri; ntibitanga igipimo kimwe co gukosora ku bavuga indimi zibiri. Stroop, 1935 MacLeod, 1991
Ni ibiki bigira ico bihinduye?
Itandukaniro ry'imigwi ntirisigura umuntu umwe umwe
Naho hoba habonetse itandukaniro rito hagati y'imigwi, amanota y'abantu yobandanya guhura cane kandi ntivyosigura igituma amanota y'umuntu yahindutse. Ubushakashatsi bwerekeye ikibazo co kwizigirwa kw'ibipimo burerekana kandi ko itandukaniro ryinshi risanzwe riboneka mu bikorwa vya kera ritizigirwa cane mu gutondeka abantu umwe umwe, naho ingaruka zaryo mu bushakashatsi busubirwamwo kenshi ziba zikomeye. Ikigeragezo kigufi ukoresheje umucukumbuzi wo kuri internet ntigishobora kwemeza ivyo umuntu yaciyemwo mu rurimi vyateye igisubizo. Hedge et al., 2017
Isesengura rusangi ry'abantu bakuze ntiritanga ingero zisanzwe za Stroop ku bavuga indimi zibiri zemewe ku myaka yose canke zitandukanya igitsina. Iciyumviro caryo ntigikwiye kwagurirwa ata kindi cemezo ku bana, ku ndimi zose zibiri canke ku nsiguro zose z'ukumenya indimi zibiri. Abantu bo mu kindi gice bakeneye ivyemezo bibereye bo nyene. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Igituma gupima no gukosora ari ngirakamaro
Igihe gipimwa n'umucukumbuzi kiratandukana bivanye n'uburyo bwo gukoresha, kandi amanota ya Stroop aratandukana bivanye n'uburyo ikigeragezo gikozwemwo. Ubushakashatsi bw'isesengura rusangi mu bijanye n'amavuriro bwerekana ko uburyo bwo gupima ingaruka zo kubangamirwa bushobora guhindura uko ubunini bw'ingaruka hagati y'imigwi buboneka. Iyi ni imburi rusangi ku bijanye no gupima, si icemezo c'uko kuvuga indimi zibiri ari indwara. Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Lansbergen et al., 2007
Ni igiki wokwemeza mu kugerageza?
Fata ikigeragezo nk'uburyo bwo kwibonera ukuntu ijambo n'ibara bidahuye bishobora guhuzagurika. Niwagira ugereranije ibigeragezo vyawe bwite, gumiza ururimi, igikoresho, uburyo bwo kwishura n'uburyo bwo kuronka amanota uko biri. Soma ibitigiri vy'amakosa hamwe n'ibihe vy'ukwishura kandi ntufate ihinduka ry'amanota nk'ikimenyetso c'uko kuvuga indimi zibiri muri rusangi bifise akarusho. Scarpina et al., 2017 Hedge et al., 2017
Ivyemezo ntibirwanya ukwiga indimi, kandi ntivyizeza ko kubikora bizotuma ubwenge burushiriza gukomera. Bisubiza ikibazo kigufi kuruta: ivyigwa vy'abantu bakuze vyavuzwe hano ntibishigikira neza iciyumviro c'akarusho rusangi mu bikorwa vy'ubuyobozi bw'ubwonko, inyuma yo kwitwararika kubogama mu gusohora ivyigwa. Ubuhinga bwihariye mu rurimi hamwe n'akamaro ko kuyaga mu rundi rurimi ni ibindi bintu bitandukanye. Lehtonen et al., 2018 Paap et al., 2013
Gerageza ikigeragezo c'ubuntu kijanye n'iki kibazo
Ikigeragezo ca Stroop
Gerageza ikigeragezo ca Stroop mu rurimi utahura, kandi ugume ukoresha urwo rurimi igihe ukurikirana amanota. Ntigishobora kumenya nimba kahise kawe k'indimi ari ko kateye amanota yawe canke kugena ko ufise akarusho mu bushobozi bw'ubwonko kubera kuvuga indimi zibiri.
Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa
g = 0.12 bisigura ko umuntu akora neza kuruta 12%?
Oya. Ni itandukaniro ry'impanuro zisanzwe hagati y'amanota yo hagati, kandi iryo gereranya ry'umwihariko ryakozwe imbere yo gukosora kubogama. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Iryo suzuma ryemeza ko ata muntu n'umwe avuga indimi zibiri agira akarusho?
Oya. Kubura ivyemezo bihamye vy'akarusho gasanzwe ntibisigura ko abantu bose canke uko ibintu vyifashe vyose bingana. Lehtonen et al., 2018
Amanota yanje yerekana ko ndi umuntu avuga indimi zibiri vy'ukuri?
Oya. Uko umuntu akora mu kigeragezo ca Stroop ntikugena kahise kiwe k'indimi kandi si ikigeragezo cemewe co gupima kuvuga indimi zibiri. MacLeod, 1991 Scarpina et al., 2017
Amasoko
- Lehtonen et al. (2018). Kuvuga indimi zibiri bifitaniye isano n'ubushobozi burushijeho mu bikorwa vy'ubuyobozi bw'ubwonko ku bantu bakuze? Isuzuma rusangi rishingiye ku sesengura ry'ivyigwa..
- Paap et al. (2013). Nta vyemezo bihuye bishigikira akarusho k'abavuga indimi zibiri mu gutunganya amakuru y'ubuyobozi bw'ubwonko.
- MacLeod (1991). Igice c'ikinjana c'ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka ya Stroop: Isuzuma rihuza ivyigwa..
- Scarpina et al. (2017). Ikigeragezo ca Stroop c'amabara n'amajambo.
- Stroop (1935). Ubushakashatsi ku kubangamirwa mu nyishu z'amajambo zikurikirana..
- Hedge et al. (2017). Ikibazo co kwizigirwa kw'ibipimo: Igituma ibikorwa bipima ubwenge bitanga ingaruka zikomeye biterekana neza itandukaniro ryo ku muntu ku giti ciwe.
- Anwyl-Irvine et al. (2020). Ukwizigirwa n'ukuri kw'ibipimo mu mbuga z'igerageza zo kuri internet, imucukumbuzi n'ibikoresho.
- Lansbergen et al. (2007). Kubangamirwa muri Stroop n'ingorane yo kwitwararika hamwe n'ibikorwa birenze urugero: Isuzuma n'isesengura rusangi..
Vuga uru rupapuro: Abantu bavuga indimi zibiri bakora neza kuruta abandi mu kigeragezo ca Stroop?. Helibrain. 2026. https://helibrain.com/rn/answers/bilingualism-and-stroop-performance. CC BY 4.0.
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