ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯦ?

ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ; ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯕꯇꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯅꯞꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯔꯣꯏ꯫ ꯊꯨꯅꯥꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯎꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ, ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯁꯥꯕ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯂꯩꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ; ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯔꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫ Stroop, 1935 Scarpina et al., 2017

ꯂꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯤ?

ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯗꯥ, ꯂꯣꯟ ꯄꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯅꯥ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯎꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ MacLeod-ꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯎꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯗꯦ; ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯈꯨꯠ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯠꯔꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ꯫ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯩ꯫ MacLeod, 1991

ꯂꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ-ꯃꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯍꯟꯊꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯡꯅꯕ-ꯃꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯍꯟꯊꯩꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯍꯤꯁꯥꯕ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯨ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯩ꯫ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯃꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ; ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯀꯔꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯏ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯎꯅꯥ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯔꯊ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯕꯗꯥ ꯈꯟꯂꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯁꯥꯕ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ꯫ Scarpina et al., 2017

ꯍꯟꯊꯩꯕ ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯈꯪꯖꯤꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ

ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯅꯥ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯁꯥꯕ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠꯇꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯃꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯔꯤꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯟꯊꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ; ꯃꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ, ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯍꯣꯡꯕ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ Hedge et al., 2017

ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯁꯥꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ?

ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯟꯕꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕ-ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯤꯁꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯥꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯎꯠꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯗꯦ꯫ Hick, 1952 Scarpina et al., 2017

ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯖꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯁꯨ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯦꯠꯑꯞꯇꯥ ꯑꯄꯥꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯈꯛꯇꯥ ꯍꯟꯊꯩꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯌꯥꯏ; ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯔꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯔꯤꯂꯥꯏꯌꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯊꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯅꯅꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯛꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯁꯔꯆ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯩ꯫ Anwyl-Irvine et al., 2020 Hedge et al., 2017

ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯞꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯞꯅꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯥ-ꯑꯅꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯟꯊꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯪꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯍꯟꯊꯩꯕ ꯀꯔꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯗꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯂꯩꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯗꯅꯕꯥ꯫ Lim et al., 2010

ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ?

ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯇꯥ-ꯑꯅꯥꯂꯤꯁꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯍꯟꯊꯩꯕ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯄꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯕꯥꯏꯌꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯨꯞ ꯃꯅꯥꯅꯥ ꯃꯤꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ꯫ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ; ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯪꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ Lehtonen et al., 2018

ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯂꯣꯟ, ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯄꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯊꯝꯃꯨ; ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯁꯨ ꯈꯣꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ꯫ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯍꯟꯊꯩꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯍꯟꯊꯩꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯃꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯍꯣꯡꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯗꯣꯀꯅꯨ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯤꯚꯤꯎꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯈꯠꯂꯕ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯁꯥꯕ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯦ꯫ Scarpina et al., 2017 Hedge et al., 2017

ꯒꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯈꯨꯝ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯡꯅꯕ ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅꯕ, ꯗꯥꯏꯒꯅꯣꯁꯤꯁ, ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯝꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯑꯐꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯗꯦ꯫ MacLeod, 1991 Scarpina et al., 2017